This classic and bestselling landmark publication, originally published in 1965, examines the dynamic mechanisms, fundamental principles, and physical properties of various chromatographic procedures. It offers methods to characterize, identify, and predict chromatographic phenomena - providing strategies to select the most appropriate separation tools and techniques for specific applications in chemistry, physics, biology, and forensic and environmental science. Written by a world-renowned pioneer in the field, Dynamics of Chromatography contains many worked equations and real-world examples in gas and liquid chromatography. It includes numerous schematic figures for visualization of key concepts, introduces the means to control migration rate differences and zone spreading, and presents a detailed random-walk model for clarification of column processes. It also analyzes flow, diffusion, and kinetic events, stresses the link between theory and practice, and summarizes mathematical quantities and parameters.

This book consists of a series of 82 precise, easy-to-read articles by internationally renowned scientists and emphasizes the practical approach to HPLC with minimal theory, although the underlying principles for peptide and protein separations are clearly expressed. All of the major modes of microbore, ultrafast and analytical HPLC are discussed, including size-exclusion, ion-exchange, reversed-phase, hydrophobic interaction, and affinity and immunoaffinity chromatography. A section on preparative HPLC, including displacement techniques, is also presented. Problem-solving approaches to the separation of various classes of biologically active peptides and proteins are thoroughly explored, while the importance of peptide standards for monitoring column performance and for optimizing separation conditions is emphasized. Several articles focus on the choice of the correct detection method (electrochemical, UV, fluorescence), as well as the need for a proper knowledge of approaches to column and instrument maintenance and trouble-shooting. A section on predictive approaches deals with both computer simulation of peptide separations and peptide structure. The book also includes complementary techniques to HPLC, as well as other useful applications of HPLC. It enables both novice and experienced chromatographers to realize the full potential of this extremely powerful technique, in the process making an important contribution to scientific literature.

This reference illustrates the efficacy of CyclePad software for enhanced simulation of thermodynamic devices and cycles. It improves thermodynamic studies by reducing calculation time, ensuring design accuracy, and allowing for case-specific analyses. Offering a wide-range of pedagogical aids, chapter summaries, review problems, and worked examples, this reference offers a user-friendly and effective approach to thermodynamic processes and computer-based experimentation and design. Thermodynamic Cycles allows students to change any parameter and understand its effect on device performance, run experiments and investigate results, and run valuable sensitivity and cost-benefit analyses.

This is Trevor Kletz's follow up to his extremely successful What Went Wrong? Case Histories of Process Plant Disasters. In it, Kletz reinforces the messages in his now-classic book of famous case histories, but the majority of the book covers points not covered in the original. This new volume will focus more on procedural changes that can be made, not only at the technical or engineering levels, but at the managerial level, to prevent disasters from happening.
* This volume follows up on the cases and strategies outlined in the original million-dollar seller: "What Went Wrong"
* Contains many new cases and areas for improvement, including the hazards of rust, corrosion, and many more new topics
* Written by the world's leading expert on industrial safety

Over the past several decades, the theme of supramolecular chemistry (SC) has permeated nearly all aspects of chemical endeavor. Not surprisingly, it has also pervaded the field of solvent extraction (SX), inspiring the framework for this volume of Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction. In addition, tools for studying aggregation have grown increasingly sophisticated, leading to a greater understanding of what we now recognize as SC phenomena in SX. Volume 21, Supramolecular Aspects of Solvent Extraction identifies how supramolecular behavior occurs and is studied in the context of SX and how SC is influencing the direction of SX. With contributions by internationally recognized specialists from different fields, this volume examines how principles of SC are being used in advancing the design of new highly selective SX systems and for understanding aggregation phenomena in SX systems. The book begins with a discussion of the nature and definition of SC and its general use in the design of novel SX reagents. Chapter 2 expands the subject of ion-pair recognition to introduce outer-sphere recognition of metal complexes. Chapter 3 reviews the literature on calixarenes as extraction reagents for metal ions. Chapter 4 extends the utility of this chemistry, describing the use of calixarenes for the extraction of biomolecules. Chapter 5 examines the liquid-liquid interface as an expression of supramolecular phenomena in SX, reviewing interfacial aggregation in model two-phase systems and metal extraction systems. The final chapter explores the problem of aggregation in SX, the historical attempts to understand it, and recent progress that has been made in addressing the issue.

Since the first groundbreaking edition of Developments in Pressure-Sensitive Products was introduced in 1998, heavy research has resulted in substantial progress in the field. Fully updated and expanded to reflect this activity, Developments in Pressure-Sensitive Products, Second Edition provides a detailed overview of the entire range of pressure-sensitive products, both with and without adhesives. It explores the principles behind their design and manufacture along with a variety of applications in medicine, electronics, packaging, and protection. The book establishes the link between underlying theory and practical applications, exploring the physical, molecular, and chemical bases of PSPs while describing the manufacturing processes, end uses, and economic issues involved. This edition includes three new chapters: the first of these explains the new theory of pressure sensitivity considered as a process, illustrating the principles of polymer science governing PSP technology; the second discusses the crosslinking of acrylics, the most important domain in specialized products; and the third presents the latest developments in products based on plastomers, such as hydrogels. Additional coverage includes biological applications of PSPs, engineering problems of coating equipment, web finishing for plastic films, and confectioning. Offering cutting-edge information from the frontiers of research and industry, Developments in Pressure-Sensitive Products, Second Edition is an ideal reference to all aspects of pressure-sensitive technologies and materials.

Fluid Bed Technology in Materials Processing comprehensively covers the various aspects of fluidization engineering and presents an elaborate examination of the applications in a multitude of materials processing techniques. This singular resource discusses: All the basic aspects of fluidization essential to understand and learn about various techniques The range of industrial applications Several examples in extraction and process metallurgy Fluidization in nuclear engineering and nuclear fuel cycle with numerous examples Innovative techniques and several advanced concepts of fluidization engineering, including use and applications in materials processing as well as environmental and bio-engineering Pros and cons of various fluidization equipment and specialty of their applications, including several examples Design aspects and modeling Topics related to distributors effects and flow regimes A separate chapter outlines the importance of fluidization engineering in high temperature processing, including an analysis of the fundamental concepts and applications of high temperature fluidized bed furnaces for several advanced materials processing techniques. Presenting information usually not available in a single source, Fluid Bed Technology in Materials Processing serves Fluidization engineers Practicing engineers in process metallurgy, mineral engineering, and chemical metallurgy Researchers in the field of chemical, metallurgical, nuclear, biological, environmental engineering Energy engineering professionals High temperature scientists and engineers Students and professionals who adopt modeling of fluidization in their venture for design and scale up

This fundamental book on interfacial phenomena forms the basis of application of interface and colloid science to various disperse systems. These include suspensions, emulsions, nano-dispersions, wetting, spreading, deposition and adhesion of particles to surfaces. These systems occur in most industrial applications, such as personal care and cosmetic formulations, pharmaceutical systems particularly for controlled and targeted delivery of drugs, agrochemical formulations and enhancement of their biological performance, paints and coatings as well as most food formulations. These applications are described in volume 2. The text is very valuable for formulation chemists, chemical engineers and technologies who are involved in such applications. In addition this fundamental text is also valuable for research scientists and Ph.D. students investigating various aspects of interface and colloid science.

This collection of challenging and well-designed test problems arising in literature studies also contains a wide spectrum of applications, including pooling/blending operations, heat exchanger network synthesis, homogeneous azeotropic separation, and dynamic optimization and optimal control problems.

"Analyzes health and hazard risk assessment in commercial, industrial, and refining industries. Emphasizes legal requirements, emergency planning and response, safety equipment, process implementation, and occupational and environmental protection exposure guidelines. Presents applicatoins and calculations for risk analysis of real systems, as well as numerous end-of-chapter examples and references."

Shows how to validate scientifically the marketing claims of chemically stable and well-balanced products to withstand adequately the challenge of competitors and government regulators. The book describes techniques for substantiating properties, such as moisturization, mildness, conditioning and cleansing, as well as the performance of deodorants and antiperspirants, and the effectiveness of acne products. It discusses technologies that help eliminate animal testing in product development.

Striking a balance between basic chemistry and chemical engineering, this up-to-date reference discusses important aspects of acetic acid and its major derivatives, including chemistry, methods of preparation and manufacture, and synthesis, as well as current and emerging downstream technologies.;The book provides comprehensive physical property data for compounds and their separation, including acetic acid-water separation. Describing five categories of techniques for the manufacture of acetic acid, it: examines thermophysical properties and aqueous solutions, with detailed explanations of mathematical models and correlations; supplies a critical analysis of property; outlines manufacturing costs and related economic factors; reviews the applications of acetic acid and derivatives; covers the chemistry and preparation of the derivatives; elucidates recent topics such as deicers, esters and new esterification technologies.

Membrane techniques are an excellent alternative to traditional methods of purification and separation. This book covers issues related to the most recent developments in the field of membrane techniques. The latest scientific research and their potential applications in industrial solutions are described. In addition, currents trends in food & beverages technologies, and biomedicine are discussed. Moreover, the book emphasizes recent advancements in design of membrane systems, used either for separation or creation of mixtures, from the perspective of industry 4.0 and data management.

The understanding and control of transport phenomena in materials processing play an important role in the improvement of conventional processes and in the development of new techniques. Computer modeling of these phenomena can be used effectively for this purpose. Although there are several books in the literature covering the analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow, Computer Modelling of Heat and Fluid Flow in Materials Processing specifically addresses the understanding of these phenomena in materials processing situations. Written at a level suitable for graduate students in materials science and engineering and subjects, this book is ideal for those wishing to learn how to approach computer modeling of transport phenomena and apply these techniques in materials processing. The text includes a number of relevant case studies and each chapter is supported by numerous examples of transport modeling programs.

This book focuses on value addition to various waste streams, which include industrial waste, agricultural waste, and municipal solid and liquid waste. It addresses the utilization of waste to generate valuable products such as electricity, fuel, fertilizers, and chemicals, while placing special emphasis on environmental concerns and presenting a multidisciplinary approach for handling waste. Including chapters authored by prominent national and international experts, the book will be of interest to researchers, professionals and policymakers alike.

First published in 1995, Surface Analysis of Paper examines surface analysis techniques from a paper industry perspective and places heavy emphasis on applications. Modern techniques, including ion mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and optical profilometry are reviewed in a straightforward manner. This new book provides details on widely used methods and instruments, and discusses how they can be used to attain, for example, contour maps of the microscopic constituents on paper surfaces and accurate analyses of the physical properties of paper. Organized into three sections, Surface Analysis of Paper provides thorough coverage of the physical characteristics of paper, and a clear picture of new and emerging analytical methods. Carefully chosen background material on fundamental concepts is included wherever such material assists in understanding the uses of analysis methods. Each chapter contains: An introduction A description of the technique A discussion of the type of information that can be obtained with the particular technique Practical examples to demonstrate the advantages of the technique

This book highlights current efforts and research in Malaysia on conversion of bio-resources to renewable energy of biofuel as an alternative way of producing energy from fossil-based fuels. The book starts with the renewable energy developments and policies in Malaysia and discusses the main renewable resources available. It addresses the use of more environmentally friendly technologies which can lead to the reduction of pollution and thus sustaining the ecology for treatment of bio-resources. The book also presents new initiatives in bioenergy production with theories, applications, and challenges of biological processes of biofuel production such as bioethanol, biobutanol, biogas, microbial fuel cell (MFC), and biodiesel. It discusses the potential of renewable energy resources to meet the energy needs without damaging/affecting the environment.

This book focuses on the emerging additive manufacturing technology and its applications beyond state-of-the-art, fibre-reinforced thermoplastics. It also discusses the development of a hybrid, integrated process that combines additive and subtractive operations in a single-step platform, allowing CAD-to-Part production with freeform shapes using long or continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastics. The book covers the entire value chain of this next-generation technology, from part design and materials composition to transformation stages, product evaluation, and end-of-life studies. Moreover, it addresses the following engineering issues: * Design rules for hybrid additive manufacturing; * Thermoplastic compounds for high-temperature and -strength applications; * Advanced extrusion heads and process concepts; * Hybridisation strategies; * Software ecosystems for hAM design, pre-processing, process planning, emulating and multi-axis processing; * 3D path generators for hAM based on a multi-objective optimisation algorithm that matches the recent curved adaptive slicing method with a new transversal scheme; * hAM parameters, real-time monitoring and closed-loop control; * Multiparametric nondestructive testing (NDT) tools customised for FRTP AM parts; * Sustainable manufacturing processes validated by advanced LCA/LCC models.

This volume provides an overview of recent developments and scope in the use of flow chemistry in relevance to heterocyclic synthesis. The heterocyclic ring is the most prominent structural motif in the vast majority of natural products as well as pharmaceutical compounds since this facilitates tuneable interactions with the biological target besides conferring a degree of structural and metabolic stability. In recent times, flow chemistry has heralded a paradigm shift in organic synthesis as it offers several unique advantages over conventional methods like drastic acceleration of sluggish transformations, enhanced yields, cleaner reactions etc and is gradually gaining a lot of attention among organic chemist worldwide. Given the importance of heterocycles in natural products, medicinal chemistry and pharmaceuticals, this is a well warranted volume and complements the previous volume of Topics in Organometallic Chemistry 'Organometallic Flow Chemistry'. This volume offers a versatile overview of the topic, besides discussing the recent progress in the flourishing area of flow chemistry in relevance to heterocyclic chemistry; it will also help researchers to better understand the chemistry behind these reactions. This in turn provides a platform for future innovations towards the designing of novel transformations under continuous flow. Thus, this volume will appeal to both the novices in this field as well as to experts in academia and industry.

This book explores the remarkable information correspondences and probability structures of proteins. Correspondences are pervasive in biochemistry and bioinformatics: proteins share homologies, folding patterns, and mechanisms. Probability structures are just as paramount: folded state graphics reflect Angstrom-scale maps of electron density. The author explores protein sequences (primary structures), both individually and in sets (systems) with the help of probability and information tools. This perspective will enhance the reader's knowledge of how an important class of molecules is designed and put to task in natural systems, and how we can approach class members in hands-on ways.

This book highlights the latest research on waste processing technologies, particularly for domestic, agricultural, and petroleum based pollutants, intended to achieve waste valorisation. In addition, it discusses the important role of plastic recycling, as well as advanced waste processing techniques.

This book presents new application processes in the context of anaerobic digestion (AD), such as phosphorus recovery, microbial fuel cells (MFCs), and seaweed digestion. In addition, it introduces a new technique for the modeling and optimization of AD processes. Chapters 1 and 2 review AD as a technique for converting a range of organic wastes into biogas, while Chapter 3 discusses the recovery of phosphorus from anaerobically digested liquor. Chapters 4 and 5 focus on new techniques for modeling and optimizing AD. Chapters 6 and 7 then describe the state of the art in AD effluent treatment. The book's final three chapters focus on more recent developments, including microbial fuel cells (MFCs) (Chapter 8), seaweed production (Chapter 9), and enzyme technologies (Chapter 10).

Concepts, procedures and programs described in this book make it possible for readers to solve both simple and complex equilibria problems quickly and easily and to visualize results in both numerical and graphical forms. They allow the user to calculate concentrations of reactants and products for both simple and complicated situations. The user can spend less time doing calculations and more time thinking about what the results mean in terms of a larger problem in which she or he may be interested.

This title covers the fundamentals of carbon nanomaterials in a logical and clear manner to make concepts accessible to researchers from different disciplines. It summarizes in a comprehensive manner recent technological and scientific accomplishments in the area of carbon nanomaterials and their application in lithium ion batteries The book also addresses all the components anodes, cathodes and electrolytes of lithium ion battery and discusses the technology of lithium ion batteries that can safely operate at high temperature.

This book systematically explains the application principles and green processing technologies of industrial oil plant. Firstly, the industrial plant oil resources are elaborated as an independent discipline for systematic research. Secondly, it has laid a solid theoretical foundation for the utilization of industrial plant oil resources, and will greatly promote the development of industrialization and modernization of industrial plant oil resources worldwide. Thirdly, it constructs integrated technology system of oil plant cultivation, oil extraction technology and products application. Finally, it elaborates a series of environmental issues including the protection of biodiversity and the balance of the forest ecology during the industrial plant oil resources processing. The technological process for green conversion of industrial plant oil resources to the oil-based materials and high value products will be of particular interest to the readers among oil researchers, producers and managers.