This edited volume focuses on comprehensive state-of-the-art information about the practical aspects of cultivation, harvesting, biomass processing and biofuel production from algae. Chapters cover topics such as synthetic ecological engineering approaches towards sustainable production of biofuel feedstock, and algal biofuel production processes using wastewater. Readers will also discover more about the role of biotechnological engineering in improving ecophysiology, biomass and lipid yields. Particular attention is given to opportunities of commercialization of algal biofuels that provides a realistic assessment of various techno-economical aspects of pilot scale algal biofuel production. The authors also explore the pre-treatment of biomass, catalytic conversion of algal lipids and hydrothermal liquefaction with the biorefinery approach in detail. In a nut shell, this volume will provide a wealth of information based on a realistic evaluation of contemporary developments in algal biofuel research with an emphasis on pilot scale studies. Researchers studying and working in the areas of environmental science, biotechnology, genetic engineering and biochemistry will find this work instructive and informative.

Intended primarily for undergraduate chemical-engineering students, this book also includes material which bridges the gap between undergraduate and graduate requirements. The introduction contains a listing of the principal types of reactors employed in the chemical industry, with diagrams and examples of their use. There is then a brief exploration of the concepts employed in later sections for modelling and sizing reactors, followed by basic information on stoichiometry and thermodynamics, and the kinetics of homogeneous and catalyzed reactions. Subsequent chapters are devoted to reactor sizing and modelling in some simple situations, and more detailed coverage of the design and operation of the principal reactor types.

Discussing the technology and its applications, Membrane Processes: A Technology Guide investigates the differing requirements of industry today. Driven by increasing water quality demands, the technological spotlight is now on the application of membranes to potable water, and several significant examples of filtration processes are given. Encompassing the fundamentals of design and operation of membranes, feasibility of use and economics as well as applications in water, paint and other industries, this coverage of the key aspects of membrane technology will be welcomed by technologists, engineers and scientists in a variety of disciplines.

First published in 1919. Tilden discusses a compilation of chemical discovery and invention to demonstrate the progress of chemistry in the early 20th century. Divided into 5 sections, chemical laboratories and the work done in them, modern discoveries and theories, modern applications of chemistry, and modern progress in organic chemistry, the author presents an overview of the subject. The final section of the book contains an account of important discoveries which find practical applications and provide new views of the constitution of the world in which we live.

"Viscosity, Heavy Oils to Waste, Hazardous, Legislation"

This new edition follows the original format, which combines a detailed case study - the production of phthalic anhydride - with practical advice and comprehensive background information. Guiding the reader through all major aspects of a chemical engineering design, the text includes both the initial technical and economic feasibility study as well as the detailed design stages. Each aspect of the design is illustrated with material from an award-winning student design project.
The book embodies the "learning by doing" approach to design. The student is directed to appropriate information sources and is encouraged to make decisions at each stage of the design process rather than simply following a design method. Thoroughly revised, updated, and expanded, the accompanying text includes developments in important areas and many new references.

Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.

Discusses the laboratory and industrial synthesis of nonionic surfactants. Furnishes exhaustive coverage of the most recent advances in nonionic surfactant organic chemistry. Analyzes a novel class of catalysts for the production of surfactants with highly narrow distributions.

Soon after its publication in 1987, the first edition of Ultrafiltration Handbook became recognized as the leading handbook on ultrafiltration technology. Reviews in professional journals praised it as an authoritative and substantive information resource on this technology. Now a completely, updated and expanded edition is available under the title, Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration Handbook.
This practical handbook systematically covers the basics of this technology from its scientific fundamentals to a wide range of industrial applications. The presentation is clear and concise with the emphasis on practical use. Many schematics and micrographs illustrate membranes, equipment and processes. Numerous tables and graphs provide useful data on specifications and performance.
The updated information is useful to all those involved in the use of separation and filtration in industrial processes.

New edition covers the latest practices, regulations, and alternative disinfectants

Since the publication of the Fourth Edition of "White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants" more than ten years ago, the water industry has made substantial advances in their understanding and application of chlorine, hypochlorite, and alternative disinfectants for water and wastewater treatment. This "Fifth Edition," with its extensive updates and revisions, reflects the current state of the science as well as the latest practices.

Balancing theory with practice, the "Fifth Edition" covers such important topics as:

Advances in the use of UV and ozone as disinfectants

Alternative disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide, iodine, and bromine-related products

Advanced oxidation processes for drinking water and wastewater treatment

New developments and information for the production and handling of chlorine

Latest regulations governing the use of different disinfectants

For each disinfectant, the book explains its chemistry, effectiveness, dosing, equipment, and system design requirements. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each disinfectant are clearly set forth. References at the end of each chapter guide readers to the primary literature for further investigation.

Authored and reviewed by leading experts in the field of water and wastewater treatment, this "Fifth Edition" remains an ideal reference for utilities, regulators, engineers, and plant operators who need current information on the disinfection of potable water, wastewater, industrial water, and swimming pools.

Selenium (Se) is a chemical element of concern due to its toxicity and increasing anthropogenic release to the environment. Se oxyanions, selenite and selenate, are water-soluble, bioavailable and toxic, whereas elemental selenium, Se(0), is solid and less toxic. Nevertheless, Se(0) is potentially harmful as particulate Se(0) has been reported to be bioavailable to bivalves, to fish and also prone to re-oxidation. In the current work we investigated the reduction of selenite and selenate using pure and mixed microbial cultures. A novel strain of Pseudomonas moraviensis showing high Se tolerance was isolated, classified and characterized for the first time. Biogenic Se(0) shows colloidal properties due to its nanosize scale and negatively-charged biopolymer coating. To address the need for efficient solid-liquid separation of biogenic Se(0) prior to environmental discharge, we tested and compared several physical-chemical separation methods. Centrifugation and filtration can be efficiently used for Se(0) separation but they are not feasible at the industrial scale due to prohibitive costs. Alternatively, chemical coagulation by metal salts, e.g. aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride, resulted in high removal rates around 90%. Electrocoagulation reached the highest colloidal Se(0) removal efficiency of 97% when using iron electrodes. In conclusion, biogenic Se(0) must be removed in a biological post-treatment step and several approaches described in this work could be successfully used.

From explanations of laws and regulations to hands-on design and operation-the Handbook has it covered!

Gas Separation by Adsorption Processes is a complete treatise on all aspects of adsorptive processes. It covers all fundamental principles as well as process design and simulation of gas adsorption processes for separation and purification. This highly popular book in the field has now been reprinted and made available in paperback form.

Offers information necessary for the development of mathematical models and numerical techniques to solve specific drying problems. The book addresses difficult issues involved with the drying equations of numerical analysis, including mesh generation, discretinization strategies, the nonlinear equation set and the linearized algebraic system, convergance criteria, time step control, experimental validation, optimum methods of visualization results, and more.

This book provides recent developments in sustainable manufacturing ranging from product designing to product delivery. It focuses on key challenges and solutions at various stages such as product design, material selection, material processing, manufacturing and energy consumption to ensure sustainability at every stage of product lifecycle. It further offers solutions to build sustainable product by responsible consumption and production. The role of advanced technologies in sustainable manufacturing is also covered in this book. Given the topics covered, this book will be useful for the researchers and professionals working in the area of mechanical engineering, especially industrial and production engineering.

Contents:
Part 1: myths about technology; pressure vessels must be fitted with relief valves (or bursting discs); if a vessel is exposed to fire, it should be emptied as quickly as possible; accidents are due to human failing, so we should eliminate the human element when we can; if a flammable material has a high flashpoint, it is safe and will not explode; blast walls provide the ultimate protection against explosions; we can remove hazards; the public believe we are making the world a better place; fire is worse than smoke; accidents are due to a coincidence of unlikely events; computers introduce new problems; the most valuable writings on safety are codes and standards. Part 2: myths about management; engineers should respond to market needs; many questions can be answered by substituting numbers in well-established equations; policies lead to action; treating employees, customers and suppliers well is good business in the long run; stress is a major cause of ill-health today. Part 3: myths about toxicology and the environment; we should look for the effects of substances that have not yet been studied; the causes of cancer are environmental; scientists should be held responsible for the results of their actions; we should recycle whenever possible; entropy is increasing all the time; myths in other walks of life; afterthoughts.

"Covers all areas of computer-based data acquisition--from basic concepts to the most recent technical developments--without the burden of long theoretical derivations and proofs. Offers practical, solution-oriented design examples and real-life case studies in each chapter and furnishes valuable selection guides for specific types of hardware."

In recent years the use of liquid—liquid extraction equipment has attracted widespread interest from all major chemical engineering, petroleum and pharmaceutical companies as well as university-based scientists and engineers. Liquid—Liquid Extraction Equipment presents :

• a critical analysis of all available information, including practical recommendations
• new ideas on performance enhancement and equipment selection
• an up-to-date review of research results on equipment performance
• illustrations of present understanding using well-known equipment
• a concise survey of past, present and forthcoming procedures

Examines all known industrial processes using shape selective zeolites, relating the fundamental principles of zeolite catalysis to their practical application-detailing present and potential uses of shape selective catalysis in petroleum processing, aromatics processing, and alternate fuels. Second Edition contain new, up-to-date, and expanded coverage of: the specific features that make zeolites shape selective the role shape selective catlysis can play providing environmentally clean fuels 12-membered oxygen ring systems mesopore systems catalytic characterization tests acid/metal catalysis selective oxidation catalysis with titanium zeolites the synthesis of ethers the production of hetero-compounds, such as alcohols and glycols paraselective alkylation of basic nitrogen compounds the effects of adding ZSM-5 to the diet of live animals and more.

This key reference will serve as the most comprehensive source for identifying and locating products in the international chemical marketplace. It has been written for the chemists, materials sientists, end-product formulators, industrial application specialists and scientists working in associated fields.

Life-Cycle Assessment presents a brief overview of the development of the life-cycle assessment process and develops guidelines and principles for implementation of a product life-cycle inventory analysis. The book describes inventory analysis, impact analysis, and improvement analysis-the three components of a product life-cycle assessment. It discusses the major stages in a life cycle, including raw materials acquisition, materials manufacture, final product fabrication, filling/packaging/distribution, and consumer use and disposal.

"Written by engineers for engineers (with over 150 International Editorial Advisory Board members),this highly lauded resource provides up-to-the-minute information on the chemical processes, methods, practices, products, and standards in the chemical, and related, industries. "

"This timesaving guide addresses nearly every aspect of pollution control for the mining, production, transportation, and distribution of chemical fertilizers covering current and emerging technologies for all segments of the industry, including raw materials production, end products, and by-products."

"This comprehensive guide illustrates the effects of dispersions in applications, the means necessary to achieve these effects with optical results, and how to overcome or avoid the difficulties encounteredemphasizing the dispersions of solid particles in liquid or solid media."

"This valuable resource provides detailed health and safety information on the hazardous and toxic properties of over 1,000 heavily used industrial and consumer chemicals. Lists chemicals both alphabetically and numerically according to their Chemical Abstract Service number permitting rapid access to specific data!"