Bioinspired and Biomimetic Materials for Drug Delivery delves into the potential of bioinspired materials in drug delivery, detailing each material type and its latest developments. In the last decade, biomimetic and bioinspired materials and technology has garnered increased attention in drug delivery research. Various material types including polymer, small molecular, protein, peptide, cholesterol, polysaccharide, nano-crystal and hybrid materials are widely considered in drug delivery research. However, biomimetic and bioinspired materials and technology have shown promising results for use in therapeutics, due to their high biocompatibility and reduced immunogenicity. Such materials include dopamine, extracellular exosome, bile acids, ionic liquids, and red blood cell. This book covers each of these materials in detail, reviewing their potential and usage in drug delivery. As such, this book will be a great source of information for biomaterials scientists, biomedical engineers and those working in pharmaceutical research.

Characterization of Polymers and Fibres addresses an integral part of fiber and polymer manufacturing processes that is crucial in helping manufacturers ensure that final products achieve intended specifications. The characterization of fiber and polymers is needed for attributes including molecular weight, morphology, dyeing behavior, tensile, optical and thermal behavior. This book covers a wide range of characterization techniques, including thermal, X-ray diffraction, solubility, tensile, optical, hygroscopic and particle size distribution. Introductions and definitions are provided where beneficial to make topics accessible to a broad range of readers in both academia and industry. Addressing advances from the fields of bioscience, polymer science, material science, and textile science, this book is wide in scope, drawing on the latest research to provide details of characterization techniques and equipment.

Nanotherapeutics in Cancer Vaccination and Challenges consolidates the current research on cancer nanomedicine and therapeutic cancer vaccination to explore the most effective and promising avenues. The book covers cancer vaccines before exploring nanotherapeutics, DNA and mRNA vaccines in cancer treatment. Finally, it considers regulatory and industrial perspectives on cancer vaccination and nanotherapeutics. This resource will be useful for pharmaceutical scientists and researchers focused on biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, vaccine development, and cancer immunotherapy, along with advanced students in these subjects. Cancer is arguably the most complex and challenging disease known to mankind. Over the last two-decades, significant advancements have been made in new and novel concepts of cancer nanomedicines. Therapeutic cancer vaccines may be utilized to inhibit further growth of advanced cancers and/or relapsed tumors that are refractory to conventional therapies, such as surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

This book focuses on the application of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers in traditional concretes based on Portland cement. Fundamental information is given related to the production technologies of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers, as well as concretes and methods of incorporation. It also contains a section focusing on the possible negative effects of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers on animals and humans. The book indicates benefits and possible problems related to the application of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers in concrete. It is designed to be easy to access and digest for the reader, aiming to reach an audience, not only from academia, but also from the construction industry, materials producers, and contractors who might work with nanomaterials.

Applications of Biotechnology for Sustainable Textile Production is a practical guide to the fundamentals, methods, and future prospects for sustainable biotechnological and nanobiotechnological approaches to textile production. The textile industry is highly motivated to reduce its use of natural resources, reduce waste, and cost. Processes such as dyeing, printing and finishing fabrics traditionally require a lot of water and can produce hazardous wastes as a by-product. In order to help improve these processes, this book evaluates different technologies, comparing them as ways of saving water, energy, material waste, and time, in addition to the reduction of wastewater and sludge. Technologies investigated include enzymatic treatments, ultrasonic treatments, advanced cotton fiber pre-treatment to increase dye receptivity, nano-biotechnology, plasma technology, and foam technology in the finishing process. Health risk assessments and complications resulting from usage of chemicals and other traditional processing technologies are also examined.

Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Materials, Challenges, and Applications presents the advantages of lithium-sulfur batteries, such as high theoretical capacity, low cost, and stability, while also addressing some of the existing challenges. Some of the challenges are low electrical conductivity, the possible reaction of sulfur with lithium to form a soluble lithium salt, the formation of the dendrimer, large volume variation of cathode materials during the electrochemical reaction, and shuttle behavior of highly soluble intermediate polysulfides in the electrolyte. This book provides some possible solutions to these issues through novel architecture, using composite materials, doping to improve low conductivity, etc., as well as emphasizing novel materials, architectural concepts, and methods to improve the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries.

Nanoscale Graphitic Carbon Nitride focuses on multi-functional applications including energy conversion, storage and healthcare. Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride materials have attracted much attention in recent years because of their similarity to graphene. They are composed of carbon, nitrogen and some minor hydrogen content. In contrast to graphene, g-Graphitic carbon nitride is a medium band-gap semiconductor and in that role an effective photocatalyst and chemical catalyst for a broad variety of reactions and applications. This book covers the fundamentals and applications of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) in different sectors. It also covers the application of graphitic carbon nitride-based composites with metal, metal oxides, metal sulphide and carbon-based materials. This is an important resource for researchers in the fields of materials science, engineering, energy storage and chemical engineering who want to understand how nanoscale graphitic carbon nitride is being used for a range of industrial applications and processes.

Polymer-Based Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Production, Processing, and Properties takes a detailed, systematic approach to the development of polymer separators for lithium-ion batteries, supporting the reader in selecting materials and processes for high-performance polymer separators with enhanced properties. The book begins by introducing the polymeric materials that may be used for separators, as well as characterization techniques, before presenting the available technologies used to produce separators for use in lithium-ion batteries. Each technology is discussed in terms of the advantages and disadvantages of the chosen approach, with the properties of the separators made via each technology also summarized and compared in detail. In addition, areas for further development are addressed, and the limitations of current materials and separators in achieving those goals are highlighted. This is a valuable resource for scientists and engineers in the industry who work on polymer-based battery separators, polymers for electronic/energy applications, and new materials and processes for lithium-ion batteries. In academia, this book will be of interest to researchers and advanced students across the fields of polymer science, materials science, electronics, energy, and chemical engineering.

Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Polymer Nanocomposites: From Synthesis to Applications offers extensive coverage of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes and their nanocomposites, including their synthesis, characterization, interfacial interactions and advanced applications. Sections introduce essentials, information on their preparation and discussions on polymeric materials, including elastomers, thermoplastics, thermosetting polymers, polymer blends and IPNs. Further sections cover the latest analysis techniques, examine the properties of POSS-polymer nanocomposites, and discuss key application areas, such as biological, energy, defense, and space. Finally, issues surrounding industry implementation and lifecycle are explored. This is a valuable reference for researchers, scientists and advanced students in the areas of polymer composites and nanocomposites, polymer chemistry, polymer physics, polymer science, and materials science and engineering. In an industrial setting, this book will be of great interest to scientists, R&D professionals, and engineers across industries and disciplines.

The greatest benefits of nanoscale additive manufacturing lie in biomedicine, smart devices/sensors, energy harvesting, aerospace, and manufacturing. This book explores the recent applications of functionalized nanomaterials-based additive manufacturing to benefit different manufacturing domains, including design and process aspects, as well as outlining major application areas. This book summarizes recent progress of functionalized nanomaterials-based additive manufacturing on both an experimental and a theoretical model level. Though nanomaterials can be fabricated by bottom-up and top-down approaches (techniques include lithography, photolithography, and micro-machining), the applications of additive manufacturing processes are increasing at an exponential rate and therefore, the demand for high-performance materials has been greatly increasing. Recent applications covered in this book include biomedicine, aerospace, automobile, waste recycling, and energy storage devices. Environmental, regulatory and safety issues are also discussed. This book is an important reference source for materials scientists and engineers who are seeking to improve their understanding of how functionalized nanomaterials are playing an increasingly important role in the additive manufacturing process.

Nanomagnetic Materials: Fabrication, Characterization and Application explores recent studies of conventional nanomagnetic materials in spintronics, data storage, magnetic sensors and biomedical applications. In addition, the book also reviews novel magnetic characteristics induced in two-dimensional materials, diamonds, and those induced by the artificial formation of lattice defect and heterojunction as novel nanomagnetic materials. Nanomagnetic materials are usually based on d- and f-electron systems. They are an important solution to the demand for higher density of information storage, arising from the emergence of novel technologies required for non-volatile memory systems. Advances in the understanding of magnetization dynamics and in the characteristics of nanoparticles or surface of nanomagnetic materials is resulting in greater expansion of applications of nanomagnetic materials, including in biotechnology, sensor devices, energy harvesting, and power generating systems. This book provides a cogent overview of the latest research on novel nanomagnetic materials, including spintronic nanomagnets, molecular nanomagnets, self-assembling magnetic nanomaterials, nanoparticles, multifunctional materials, and heterojunction-induced novel magnetism.

Natural Polyphenols from Wood: Tannin and Lignin - An Industrial Perspective is a detailed guide to the sourcing and processing of tannin and lignin for valuable advanced applications across areas such as fuels, chemicals, drugs, and food. Drawing on the latest academic research and patent literature, this book provides strong practical understanding of the use of these valuable materials in novel industrial applications. This book introduces natural polyphenols from wood and the fundamental aspects of carbon management within the tree. In-depth presentation of extraction and characterization methods is followed by an extensive coverage of practical and industrial applications of wood polyphenols. This is an essential resource for researchers and advanced students working with lignin or tannin, and across biopolymer science, biomass, wood chemistry, paper, wood adhesives, polymer materials, renewable resources, and biotechnology. It also supports industrial R&D and scientists working with wood polyphenols or bio-based polymers.

Polymer-based fibre-reinforced composites FRC's have now come out as a major class of structural materials being used or regarded as substituent's for metals in several critical components in space, automotive and other industries (marine, and sports goods) owing to their low density, strength-weight ratio, and fatigue strength. FRC's have several commercial as well as industrial applications ranging from aircraft, space, automotive, sporting goods, marine, and infrastructure. The above-mentioned applications of FRC's clearly reveal that FRC's have the potential to be used in a broad range of different engineering fields with the added advantages of low density, and resistance to corrosion compared to conventional metallic and ceramic composites. However, for scientists/researchers/R&D's to fabricate FRC's with such potential there should be careful and precise design followed by suitable process development based on properties like mechanical, physical, and thermal that are unique to each application. Hence the last few decades have witnessed considerable research on fibre reinforced composites. Fibre Reinforced Composites: Constituents, Compatibility, Perspectives and Applications presents a widespread all-inclusive review on fibre-reinforced composites ranging from the different types of processing techniques to chemical modification of the fibre surface to enhance the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and fibre and the structure-property relationship. It illustrates how high value composites can be produced by efficient and sustainable processing methods by selecting different constituents [fibres and resins]. Researchers in academia working in composites and accompanying areas [materials characterisation] and industrial manufacturers who need information on composite constituents and how they relate to each other for a certain application will find the book extremely useful when they need to make decisions about materials selection for their products.

Automotive Plastics and Composites: Materials and Processing is an essential guide to the use of plastic and polymer composites in automotive applications, whether in the exterior, interior, under-the-hood, or powertrain, with a focus on materials, properties, and processing. The book begins by introducing plastics and polymers for the automotive industry, discussing polymer materials and structures, mechanical, chemical, and physical properties, rheology, and flow analysis. In the second part of the book, each chapter is dedicated to a category of material, and considers the manufacture, processing, properties, shrinkage, and possible applications, in each case. Two chapters on polymer processing provide detailed information on both closed-mold and open-mold processing. The final chapters explain other key aspects, such as recycling and sustainability, design principles, tooling, and future trends. This book is an ideal reference for plastics engineers, product designers, technicians, scientists, and R&D professionals who are looking to develop materials, components, or products for automotive applications. The book also intends to guide researchers, scientists, and advanced students in plastics engineering, polymer processing, and materials science and engineering.

Composite materials have been well developed to meet the challenges of high-performing material properties targeting engineering and structural applications. The ability of composite materials to absorb stresses and dissipate strain energy is vastly superior to that of other materials such as polymers and ceramics, and thus they offer engineers many mechanical, thermal, chemical and damage-tolerance advantages with limited drawbacks such as brittleness. Composite Materials: Manufacturing, Properties and Applications presents a comprehensive review of current status and future directions, latest technologies and innovative work, challenges and opportunities for composite materials. The chapters present latest advances and comprehensive coverage of material types, design, fabrication, modelling, properties and applications from conventional composite materials to advanced composites such as nanocomposites, self-healing and smart composites. The book targets researchers in the field of advanced composite materials and ceramics, students of materials science and engineering at the postgraduate level, as well as material engineers and scientists working in industrial R& D sectors for composite material manufacturing.

The textile industry is focused in its search for alternative green fibres with the aim of providing high-quality products which are fully recyclable and biodegradable. Natural textile materials from renewable sources play an increasingly important role in the industry due to their unique properties and functionality over synthetic fibres, as well as their sustainability. Antimicrobial Textiles from Natural Resources is an in-depth guide to the latest methods and applications of natural antimicrobial materials. A broad range of applications are addressed, from common to specialized applications, including many in the biomedical sector. This world-class collection of contributors write from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, providing important insights from textile science and technology, materials science, chemical engineering, and biomedical engineering. Advice and proposed solutions are presented in a rigorous and practical way, drawing on results and case studies obtained from academic and industrial laboratories worldwide.

Bionanocomposites in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine explores novel uses of these in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This book offers an interdisplinary approach, combining chemical, biomedical engineering, materials science and pharmacological aspects of the characterization, synthesis and application of bionanocomposites. Chapters cover a broad selection of bionanocomposites including chitosan, alginate and more, which are utilized in tissue engineering, wound healing, bone repair, drug formulation, cancer therapy, drug delivery, cartilage regeneration and dental implants. Additional sections of Bionanocomposites in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine discuss, in detail, the safety aspects and circular economy of bionanocomposites - offering an insight into the commercial and industrial aspects of these important materials. Bionanocomposites in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine will prove a highly useful text for for those in the fields of biomedical engineering, chemistry, pharmaceutics and materials science, both in academia and industrial R&D groups.

Energy Storage Devices for Renewable Energy-Based Systems: Rechargeable Batteries and Supercapacitors, Second Edition is a fully revised edition of this comprehensive overview of the concepts, principles and practical knowledge on energy storage devices. The book gives readers the opportunity to expand their knowledge of innovative supercapacitor applications, comparing them to other commonly used energy storage devices. With new application case studies and definitions, this resource will strengthen your understanding of energy storage from a practical, applications-based point-of-view without requiring detailed examination of underlying electrochemical equations. Users will learn about various design approaches and real-time applications of ESDs. Electronic engineering experts and system designers will find this book useful to deepen their understanding on the application of electronic storage devices, circuit topologies, and industrial device data sheets to develop new applications. The book is also intended to be used as a textbook for masters and doctoral students who want to enhance their knowledge and understanding the concepts of renewable energy sources and state-of-the-art ESDs.

The third edition of Joint Replacement Technology provides a thoroughly updated review of recent developments in joint replacement technology. Joint replacement is a standard treatment for joint degradation and has improved the quality of life of millions of patients. Collaboration between clinicians and researchers is critical to its continued success and to meet the rising expectations of patients and surgeons. This edition covers a range of updated and new content, ranging from chapters on materials analysis and selection, to methodologies and techniques used for joint replacement and clinical challenges of replacing specific joints. Key topics include tribological considerations and experiments; challenges in joint bearing surfaces; cementless fixation techniques; healing responses to implants. Clinical challenges and perspectives are covered with the aid of case studies. Thanks to its widespread collaboration and international contributors, Joint Replacement Technology, Third Edition is useful for materials scientists and engineers in both academia and the biomedical industry. Chemists, clinicians, and other researchers in this area will also find this text invaluable.

Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Combination Drugs focuses on the role of nanocarriers in the delivery of combination drugs for the management and treatment of various diseases. Nanocarriers belonging to the category of polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, lipidic nanocarriers (like nanoemulsions), liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers are now being used in the drug delivery of combination drugs. This book helps readers assimilate all the information available surrounding the application of various nanocarrier technologies for the delivery of combination drugs of synthetic and natural origin, including small and large molecules. This is an important reference source for pharmaceutical scientists and biomaterials scientists who are looking to gain an increased understanding on how nanotechnology is improving the efficiency of combination drug delivery.

Plastics in Medical Devices: Properties, Requirements, and Applications, Third Edition provides a comprehensive overview on the main types of plastics used in medical device applications. The book focuses on the applications and properties that are most important in medical device design, such as chemical resistance, sterilization capability and biocompatibility. The roles of additives, stabilizers and fillers as well as the synthesis and production of polymers are covered and backed up with a wealth of data tables. The book also covers other key aspects in detail, including regulations, compliance, purchasing controls and supplier controls, and process validation. This updated edition has been thoroughly revised with regard to new plastic materials, applications and requirements. This is a valuable resource for engineers, scientists and managers involved in the design and manufacture of medical devices.

During earthquakes, masonry buildings are the most affected, and consequently, damage to these buildings leads to massive loss of life and property. Masonry buildings comprise probably the greatest share of overall housing stock, and in turn, understanding their performance during earthquakes is a pivotal problem in seismic regions. Masonry Construction in Active Seismic Regions presents details on the kinds of masonry building found in seismic regions of the world. The title describes interventions, such as retrofitted solutions, dynamic identification, and improved construction after earthquakes, that are equally applicable to regions of moderate and high seismicity. The book covers representative masonry buildings from active seismic regions, the material properties of masonry construction, numerical modelling techniques and computational advances, seismic performance of non-engineered masonry buildings, resilience in typical construction, retrofitting, and the cultural values and structural characterization of heritage masonry buildings in active seismic regions. This book is unique in its global and systematic coverage of masonry construction in seismic regions.

Nanostructured Materials for Visible Light Photocatalysis describes the various methods of synthesizing different classes of nanostructured materials that are used as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic hazardous dyes under visible light irradiation. The first three chapters include a general introduction, basic principles, mechanisms, and synthesis methods of nanomaterials for visible light photocatalysis. Recent advances in carbon, bismuth series, transition metal oxide and chalcogenides-based nanostructured materials for visible light photocatalysis are discussed. Later chapters describe the role of phosphides, nitrides, and rare earth-based nanostructured-based materials in visible light photocatalysis, as well as the characteristics, synthesis, and fabrication of photocatalysts. The role of doping, composites, defects, different facets, morphology of nanostructured materials and green technology for efficient dye removal under visible-light irradiation are also explored. Other topics covered include large-scale production of nanostructured materials, the challenges in present photocatalytic research, the future scope of nanostructured materials regarding environmental hazard remediation under visible light, and solar light harvesting. This book is a valuable reference to researchers and enables them to learn more about designing advanced nanostructured materials for wastewater treatment and visible-light irradiation.

Metal Oxide-based Nanofibers and their Applications provides an in-depth overview on developments surrounding the synthesis, characterization properties, and applications achieved by scientific leaders in the area. Sections deal with the theoretical and experimental aspects of the synthesis and methodologies to control microstructure, composition and shape of the nanofibrous metal oxides, review the applications of metal oxide nanofibers in diverse technologies, with special focus on the relation between the structural, morphological and compositional features of the nanofibers, cover applications of metal oxide nanofibers in the fields of sensing (biosensing, gas sensing), and consider biomedical and cleaning technologies. Lastly, a final section covers their application in energy generation and storage technologies (e. g. piezoelectric, solar cells, solid oxide fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage are reviewed.