Nanomaterial-Based Metal Organic Frameworks for Single Atom Catalysis covers nanoparticles and their properties, including tunable pore size, efficient reacting capability, large surface area, and morphology, which make them effective catalytic agents. In addition, the book covers catalytic systems, in which nanomaterial-based metal organic frameworks can be applied efficiently as single atom catalysis to enable enhanced functionalities and activities of the reactions in various applications. This book is an important reference source that will be of use to materials scientists, engineers, chemists and chemical engineers who want to learn more about nanomaterials are being used for catalytic applications. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid organic-inorganic, porous, crystalline nanomaterials, and have aroused great attention in the field of catalysis because of their crystalized nano- (lt;2 nm) or meso- (2-50 nm) porous structure, extremely high surface area, and significant chemical diversity. This nanomaterial-based metal organic framework, as a single atom catalysis, enhances the catalytic ability of dispersed single atoms.

Fundamental Physicochemical Properties of Germanene-related Materials: A Theoretical Perspective provides a comprehensive review of germanene-related materials to help users understand the essential properties of these compounds. The book covers various germanium complex states such as germanium oxides, germanium on Ag, germanium/silicon composites and germanium compounds. Diverse phenomena are clearly illustrated using the most outstanding candidates of the germanium/germanene-related material. Delicate simulations and analyses are thoroughly demonstrated under the first-principles method, being fully assisted by phenomenological models. Macroscopic phenomena in chemical systems, including their principles, practices and concepts of physics such as energy, structure, thermodynamics and quantum chemistry are fully covered. Germanium-based materials play critical roles in the basic and applied sciences, as clearly revealed in other group-IV and group-V condensed-matter systems. Their atomic configurations are suitable for creating the active chemical bonding among the identical and/or different nearest-neighboring atoms leading to diverse physical/chemical/material environments.

Mechanical and Physical Testing of Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites covers key aspects of fracture and failure in natural/synthetic fiber reinforced polymer based composite materials, ranging from crack propagation, to crack growth, and from notch-size effect, to damage-tolerant design. Topics of interest include mechanical properties, such as tensile, flexural, compression, shear, impact, fracture toughness, low and high velocity impact, and anti-ballistic properties of natural fiber, synthetic fibers and hybrid composites materials. It also covers physical properties, such as density, water absorption, thickness swelling, and void content of composite materials fabricated from natural or synthetic materials. Written by leading experts in the field, and covering composite materials developed from different natural fibers and their hybridization with synthetic fibers, the book's chapters provide cutting-edge, up-to-date research on the characterization, analysis and modelling of composite materials.

Failure Analysis in Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites covers key aspects of fracture and failure in natural/synthetic fiber reinforced polymer based composite materials, ranging from crack propagation, to crack growth, and from notch-size effect, to damage-tolerant design. The book describes a broad range of techniques and strategies for the compositional and failure analysis of polymeric materials and products. It also illustrates the application of analytical methods for solving commonly encountered problems. Topics of interest include failure analysis, mechanical and physical properties, structural health monitoring, durability and life prediction, modelling of damage processes of natural fiber, synthetic fibers, and more. Written by leading experts in the field, and covering composite materials developed from different natural fibers and their hybridization with synthetic fibers, the book's chapters provide cutting-edge, up-to-date research on the characterization, analysis and modelling of composite materials.

Ni-free Ti-based Shape Memory Alloys reviews the fundamental issues of biomedical beta-type Ti base shape memory and superelastic alloys, including martensitic transformation, shape memory and superelastic properties, alloy development, thermomechanical treatment and microstructure control, and biocompatibility. Some unique properties, such as large nonlinear elastic behavior and low Young's modulus, observed in metastable Ti alloys are discussed on the basis of phase stability. As it is expected that superelastic Ti alloys will further expand the applications of shape memory alloys within the biomedical field, this book provides a comprehensive review of these new findings in Ti-base shape memory and superelastic alloys.

Durability and Life Prediction in Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites focuses on the advanced characterization techniques used for the analysis of composite materials developed from natural fiber/biomass, synthetic fibers and a combination of these materials used as fillers and reinforcements to enhance materials performance and utilization in automotive, aerospace, construction and building components. The book presents key aspects of fracture and failure in natural/synthetic, fiber reinforced, polymer based composite materials, ranging from crack propagation, to crack growth, and from notch-size effect, to damage-tolerant design. Written by leading experts in the field, and covering composite materials developed from different natural fibers and their hybridization with synthetic fibers, the book's chapters provide cutting-edge, up-to-date research on the characterization, analysis and modelling of composite materials.

Membrane Separation Principles and Applications: From Material Selection to Mechanisms and Industrial Uses, the latest volume in the Handbooks in Separation Science series, is the first single resource to explore all aspects of this rapidly growing area of study. Membrane technology is now accepted as one of the most effective tools for separation and purification, primarily due to its simple operation. The result has been a proliferation of studies on this topic; however, the relationships between fundamental knowledge and applications are rarely discussed. This book acts as a guideline for those who are interested in exploring membranes at a more progressive level. Covering methods of pressure driving force, partial pressure driving force, concentration driving force, electrical potential driving force, hybrid processes, and more, this volume is more complete than any other known resource on membrane separations.

Techniques for microfabricating intricate microfluidic structures that mimic the microenvironment of tissues and organs, combined with the development of biomaterials with carefully engineered surface properties, have enabled new paradigms in and cell culture-based models for human diseases. The dimensions of surface features and fluidic channels made accessible by these techniques are well-suited to the size scale of biological cells. Microfluidic Cell Culture Systems applies design and experimental techniques used in in microfluidics, and cell culture technologies to organ-on-chip systems. This book is intended to serve as a professional reference, providing a practical guide to design and fabrication of microfluidic systems and biomaterials for use in cell culture systems and human organ models. The book covers topics ranging from academic first principles of microfluidic design, to clinical translation strategies for cell culture protocols. The goal is to help professionals coming from an engineering background to adapt their expertise for use in cell culture and organ models applications, and likewise to help biologists to design and employ microfluidic technologies in their cell culture systems. This 2nd edition contains new material that strengthens the focus on in vitro models useful for drug discovery and development. One new chapter reviews liver organ models from an industry perspective, while others cover new technologies for scaling these models and for multi-organ systems. Other new chapters highlight the development of organ models and systems for specific applications in disease modeling and drug safety. Previous chapters have been revised to reflect the latest advances.

Marine Composites: Design and Performance presents up-to-date information and recent research findings on the application and use of advanced fibre-reinforced composites in the marine environment. Following the success of their previously published title: Marine Applications of Advanced Fibre-reinforced Composites which was published in 2015; this exemplary new book provides comprehensive information on materials selection, characterization, and performance. There are also dedicated sections on sandwich structures, manufacture, advanced concepts, naval architecture and design considerations, and various applications. The book will be an essential reference resource for designers, materials engineers, manufactures, marine scientists, mechanical engineers, civil engineers, coastal engineers, boat manufacturers, offshore platform and marine renewable design engineers.

Emerging Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage presents the state-of-art of emerging materials for energy conversion technologies (solar cells and fuel cells) and energy storage technologies (batteries, supercapacitors and hydrogen storage). The book is organized into five primary sections, each with three chapters authored by worldwide experts in the fields of materials science, physics, chemistry and engineering. It covers the fundamentals, functionalities, challenges and prospects of different classes of emerging materials, such as wide bandgap semiconductors, oxides, carbon-based nanostructures, advanced ceramics, chalcogenide nanostructures, and flexible organic electronics nanomaterials. The book is an important reference for students and researchers (from academics, but also industry) interested in understanding the properties of emerging materials.

Fundamental Biomaterials: Metals provides current information on the development of metals and their conversion from base materials to medical devices. Chapters analyze the properties of metals and discuss a range of biomedical applications, with a focus on orthopedics. While the book will be of great use to researchers and professionals in the development stages of design for more appropriate target materials, it will also help medical researchers understand, and more effectively communicate, the requirements for a specific application. With the recent introduction of a number of interdisciplinary bio-related undergraduate and graduate programs, this book will be an appropriate reference volume for students. It represents the second volume in a three volume set, each of which reviews the most important and commonly used classes of biomaterials, providing comprehensive information on materials properties, behavior, biocompatibility and applications.

Severe Plastic Deformation: Methods, Processing and Properties examines all severe plastic deformation techniques developed over the past two decades, exploring the appropriate severe plastic deformation method for a particular case. The book offers an overview of these methods, introduces ultrafine-grained and nano-grained metals and methods for various bulk, sheet, tubular and large size samples, reviews effective parameters to make a severe plastic deformation method better, from property (mechanical) and processing (cost, time, load, etc.) viewpoints, discusses mechanical, physical and chemical properties of UFG and NS metals, and concludes with various applications for these methods. Over the last several decades, a large number of severe plastic deformation methods have been developed for processing a wide array of metals for superior properties, making this a timely resource.

Energy Efficiency in Air Transportation explores the relationship between air transportation and energy use, starting with an analysis of air transport energy sources and their potential development. The book examines how different elements of the air transport system make use of energy, with an analysis of various methods for optimizing energy consumption. The book covers the consequences of energy use in terms of economics, environmental impact and sustainable development, with a review of the existing and proposed regulatory measures addressing those factors. Aeronautical and air transport engineers interested in aerial vehicle systems design, as well as public administrators and regulators concerned with energy efficiency or environmental issues in air transport, will benefit greatly from this comprehensive reference, which captures necessary background information along with the newest developments in the field.

Magnetic Nanostructured Materials: From Lab to Fab presents a complete overview of the translation of nanostructured materials into realistic applications, drawing on the most recent research in the field to discuss the fundamentals, synthesis and characterization of nanomagnetics. A wide spectrum of nanomagnetic applications is included, covering industrial, environmental and biomedical fields, and using chemical, physical and biological methods. Materials such as Fe, Co, CoxC, MnGa, GdSi, ferrite nanoparticles and thin films are highlighted, with their potential applications discussed, such as magnetic refrigeration, energy harvesting, magnetic sensors, hyperthermia, MRI, drug delivery, permanent magnets, and data storage devices. Offering interdisciplinary knowledge on the materials science of nanostructured materials and magnetics, this book will be of interest to researchers in materials science, engineering, physics and chemistry with interest in magnetic nanomaterials, as well as postgraduate students and professionals in industry and government.

Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE): From Research to Mass Production, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of the latest MBE research and applications in epitaxial growth, along with a detailed discussion and 'how to' on processing molecular or atomic beams that occur on the surface of a heated crystalline substrate in a vacuum. The techniques addressed in the book can be deployed wherever precise thin-film devices with enhanced and unique properties for computing, optics or photonics are required. It includes new semiconductor materials, new device structures that are commercially available, and many that are at the advanced research stage. This second edition covers the advances made by MBE, both in research and in the mass production of electronic and optoelectronic devices. Enhancements include new chapters on MBE growth of 2D materials, Si-Ge materials, AIN and GaN materials, and hybrid ferromagnet and semiconductor structures.

Characterization of Nanomaterials: Advances and Key Technologies discusses the latest advancements in the synthesis of various types of nanomaterials. The book's main objective is to provide a comprehensive review regarding the latest advances in synthesis protocols that includes up-to-date data records on the synthesis of all kinds of inorganic nanostructures using various physical and chemical methods. The synthesis of all important nanomaterials, such as carbon nanostructures, Core-shell Quantum dots, Metal and metal oxide nanostructures, Nanoferrites, polymer nanostructures, nanofibers, and smart nanomaterials are discussed, making this a one-stop reference resource on research accomplishments in this area. Leading researchers from industry, academia, government and private research institutions across the globe have contributed to the book. Academics, researchers, scientists, engineers and students working in the field of polymer nanocomposites will benefit from its solutions for material problems.

Novel Magnetic Nanostructures: Unique Properties and Applications reviews the synthesis, design, characterization and unique properties of emerging nanostructured magnetic materials. It discusses the most promising and relevant applications, including data storage, spintronics and biomedical applications. Properties investigated include electronic, self-assembling, multifunctional, and magnetic properties, along with magnetic phenomena. Structures range from magnetic nanoclusters, nanoparticles, and nanowires, to multilayers and self-assembling nanosystems. This book provides a better understanding of the static and dynamic magnetism in new nanostructures for important applications.

Encyclopedia of Materials: Electronics, Three Volume Set provides a compilation on all aspects of electronic materials and devices, i.e., their science, engineering and technology. As electronic materials are integrated into numerous devices and widely used in almost all sectors, including information and communication technology, automation and control, robotics, manufacturing, process industries, instrumentation, energy and power systems, healthcare, and defense and security, this book is an ideal reference. This area of science will play an influential role in the future. In addition, given the rapid expansion of publications in this field, the compilation of definitive reviews of this kind is especially important and invaluable. The study of electronic materials is truly multidisciplinary, therefore the contributors to, and the audience for, this work will be from the fields of materials science, engineering, physics and chemistry. This title will provide users with a single and unique reference source for fundamental and applied research in electronic materials, incorporating elements from many different disciplines and applications. The work will be an invaluable resource for libraries in universities, research organizations, and manufacturing and technology companies.

Functional Fillers: Chemical Composition, Morphology, Performance, Applications demonstrates the applications of fillers, their chemical composition or modification, and morphological features. The book includes two sections, with the first part covering classic fillers, analyzing the current modifications in relation to composition and morphology, and enabling enhancements in properties and applications. The second part presents the new generation of fillers, which are providing designers with exceptional properties not previously available with classic fillers used in industry. This book supports engineers, researchers and technicians working with fillers, and will be of great interest to professionals working across the chemical, pharmaceutical, medicinal and electronics industries.