Biopolymers and Biocomposites from Agro-waste for Packaging Applications looks at the utilization of biocomposites and biopolymers for packaging applications. The book focuses on the development of affordable, innovative, sustainable packaging products made from biopolymers and biocomposites derived from agricultural waste/biomass and how they that result in improved shelf-life performance. In addition, it explores how these affordable packaging products can reduce food loss across the supply chain, the future direction of setting-up platforms for broader uses, and how these products can also contribute to minimizing waste-to-landfill problems.

Organometallic Luminescence: A Case Study of Alq3, an OLED Reference Material contains many discoveries on Alq3, an important organometallic material to the optoelectronics community that includes insights that can be applied to other organic compounds. The book contains groundbreaking research from the author's own investigation into the Alq3 material that is based on years of experiments, the results of which initially escaped any logical explanation. The book describes a simple method based on photoluminescence to observe optical properties in Alq3, also covering the optical properties of absorption and long decay from theoretical and experimental perspectives.

Advanced Spinel Ferrite Nanocomposites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Applications presents recent developments in advanced spinel ferrite nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding, including microwave absorption applications. The book includes the basics of shielding mechanisms, synthesis of advanced nanocomposites, and characterization, as well as results analysis. It also discusses the relationship between nanocomposite structure and physical properties. The book systematically explores how spinel ferrite nanoparticle composites are utilized with polymer, carbon source materials (carbon nanotube, graphene, etc.), metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, hard ferrite nanoparticles, glass, rubber, wood, fabrics/textiles, and cement/concrete in the development of advanced spinel ferrite nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding application. Academics, scientists, engineers, students, and industrial researchers will find this book beneficial.

Handbook of Polymer Nanocomposites for Industrial Applications summarizes the properties of polymer nanocomposites, discusses their industrial scale fabrication methods, and presents their applications for various industrial sectors at both experimental and theoretical models scales. The book also addresses existing challenges for the use of polymer nanocomposites in major industrial sectors. Overall, the aim of this book is to summarize the recent advancements in the use of PNCs in a variety of industry sectors. Particular attention is paid to those approaches that enable green and sustainable industrial developments. The legal, economical and toxicity aspects of polymer nanocomposite are also presented in detail.

Design of Marine Risers with Functionally Graded Materials focuses on the application and use of marine risers fabricated with functionally graded materials (FGM) in ocean environments. Chapters cover the various types of marine risers available, common problems (corrosion), their fabrication and manufacturing, and their application and use in marine risers. A functionally graded materials mould is then subsequently investigated by various structural and metallurgical examinations to assess its suitability as an alternate material in the marine environment. Several characteristics of the newly developed FGM are compared with other conventional materials to explicitly highlight the superiority of the newly developed FGM. Further chapters focus on novel design methods, such as VIV suppression systems for risers with detailed experimental investigations carried out on cylinders and a chapter on advanced materials, including titanium and composites and their application and use in the marine environment.

Wearable Bioelectronics presents the latest on physical and (bio)chemical sensing for wearable electronics. It covers the miniaturization of bioelectrodes and high-throughput biosensing platforms while also presenting a systemic approach for the development of electrochemical biosensors and bioelectronics for biomedical applications. The book addresses the fundamentals, materials, processes and devices for wearable bioelectronics, showcasing key applications, including device fabrication, manufacturing, and healthcare applications. Topics covered include self-powering wearable bioelectronics, electrochemical transducers, textile-based biosensors, epidermal electronics and other exciting applications.

Nuclear Corrosion: Research, Progress and Challenges, part of the "Green Book" series of the EFC, builds upon the foundations of the very first book published in this series in 1989 ("Number 1 - Corrosion in the Nuclear Industry"). This newest volume provides an overview on state-of-the-art research in some of the most important areas of nuclear corrosion. Chapters covered include aging phenomena in light water reactors, reprocessing plants, nuclear waste disposal, and supercritical water and liquid metal systems. This book will be a vital resource for both researchers and engineers working within the nuclear field in both academic and industrial environments.

Hybrid Composite Perovskite Materials: Design to Applications discusses the manufacturing, design and characterization of organic-inorganic perovskite composite materials. The book goes beyond the basics of characterization and discusses physical properties, surface morphology and environmental stability. Users will find extensive examples of real-world products that are suitable for the needs of the market. Following a logical order, the book begins with mathematical background and then covers innovative approaches to physical modeling, analysis and design techniques. Numerous examples illustrate the proposed methods and results, making this book a sound resource on the modern research application of perovskite composites with real commercial value.

Applications of Advanced Green Materials provides a comprehensive and authoritative review on recent advancement in green materials in various applications. Each chapter is focused on a specific application of advanced green materials from packaging to sensor technology, biomedical to environmental applications, textile to catalysis to electronic shielding applications, supercapacitors, drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioelectronic, gas storage and separation, etc. This book also discusses life cycle assessment and circular economy of green materials and their future prospective. The book is unique with contributions from renowned scientists working on biopolymers and biocomposites, bioactive and biodegradable materials, composites, and metallic natural materials. This book is an essential resource for academicians, researchers, students and professionals interested in exploring potential of advanced green materials.

Heterostructured Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion provides a comprehensive description of novel z-scheme hybrid materials based on metal oxide or chalcogenides-based semiconductor, or carbon-based nanomaterials (conducting polymers, graphene, and other carbon materials). The book explores energy conversion applications, such as hydrogen generation, water splitting, CO2 reduction or degradation of organic pollutants, and their associated new material and technology development. The book addresses a variety of topics, such as photochemical processes, materials and fabrication, degradation mechanisms, as well as challenges and strategies. The book includes in-depth discussions ranging from comprehensive understanding, to engineering of materials and applied devices. The concept of visible light active catalysis emerged in recent decades and continues to attract the scientific community. Driven primarily by an opportunity to develop novel multifunctional materials on one hand, and sustainable technologies on the other, several successful approaches have been explored. However, preparation, characterization, and application of visible light active Z-scheme heterojunction-based catalytic nanostructures are still at the foreground of research activity.

Biocomposites for Industrial Applications: Construction, Biomedical, Transportation and Food Packaging reviews the properties and performance of these materials, with a focus on their intended applications. Sections cover their properties and performance, including processing conditions, structure and property relations. For biomedical applications, researchers need a broad understanding of conceptual design, physico-chemical properties, and cytotoxicity (orthopedic implants). As the usage of biocomposites has increased significantly over recent years, mainly due to the advantages these materials have when compared to synthetic composites, such as (i) renewability (ii) eco-friendly components, (iii) biodegradable aspects, and (iv) non-toxicity, this book provides a great update on the technology. These advantages will help to attract wider use in more lightweight-based applications such as (i) construction and building (ii) biomedical (iii) transportation (automotive, marine, and aerospace), and (iv) in food packaging.

Extractive Metallurgy of Titanium: Conventional and Recent Advances in Extraction and Production of Titanium Metal contains information on current and developing processes for the production of titanium. The methods for producing Ti metal are grouped into two categories, including the reduction of TiCl4 and the reduction of TiO2, with their processes classified as either electrochemical or thermochemical. Descriptions of each method or process include both the fundamental principles of the method and the engineering challenges in their practice. In addition, a review of the chemical and physical characteristics of the product produced by each method is included. Sections cover the purity of titanium metal produced based on ASTM and other industry standards, energy consumption, cost and the potential environmental impacts of the processes.

Nanocellulose Based Composites for Electronics presents recent developments in the synthesis and applications of nanocellulose composites in electronics, highlighting applications in various technologies. Chapters covers new trends and challenges in a wide range of electronic applications and devices. Significant properties, safety, sustainability, and environmental impacts of the electronic devices are included, along with the challenges of using nanocellulose-based composites in electronics. This book is an important reference for materials scientists and engineers configuring and designing processes for the synthesis and device fabrication of nanocellulose composites in electronics.

Eco-efficient Pavement Construction Materials acquaints engineers with research findings on new eco-efficient pavement materials and how they can be incorporated into future pavements. Divided into three distinctive parts, the book emphasizes current research topics such as pavements with recycled waste, pavements for climate change mitigation, self-healing pavements, and pavements with energy harvesting potential. Part One considers techniques for recycling, Part Two reviews the contribution of pavements for climate change mitigation, including cool pavements, the development of new coatings for high albedo targets, and the design of pervious pavements. Finally, Part Three focuses on self-healing pavements, addressing novel materials and design and performance. Finally, the book discusses the case of pavements with energy harvesting potential, addressing different technologies on this field.

Bio-based Materials and Biotechnologies for Eco-efficient Construction fills a gap in the published literature, discussing bio-based materials and biotechnologies that are crucial for a more sustainable construction industry. With comprehensive coverage and contributions from leading experts in the field, the book includes sections on Bio-based materials and biotechnologies for infrastructure applications, Bio-based materials and biotechnologies for building energy efficiency, and other applications, such as using biotechnology to reduce indoor air pollution, for water treatment, and in soil decontamination. The book will be an essential reference resource for academic researchers, civil engineers, contractors working in construction works, postgraduate students and other professionals.

Liquid Metal Corrosion: Fundamental Theory and Applications is designed to help scientists, engineers and students working on liquid metal (sodium, lead, lead-bismuth) to fundamentally understand liquid metal corrosion. Coverage includes a discussion of corrosion mechanisms, fundamental corrosion processes, and corrosion products' behaviors as well as methods on how to calculate corrosion rates. The book concludes with models designed to predict the corrosion/precipitation distribution in a primary corrosion loop. This book will be a useful resource for researchers in their efforts to determine appropriate materials selection and reactor design.

Handbook of Natural Polymers, Volume One: Sources, Synthesis, and Characterization is a comprehensive resource covering extraction and processing methods for polymers from natural sources, with an emphasis on the latest advances. Sections cover the current state-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities in natural polymers. Following sections cover extraction, synthesis and characterization methods organized by polymer type. Along with broad chapters discussing approaches to starch-based and polysaccharide-based polymers, dedicated chapters offer in-depth information on nanocellulose, chitin and chitosan, gluten, alginate, natural rubber, gelatin, pectin, lignin, keratin, gutta percha, shellac, silk, wood, casein, albumin, collagen, hemicellulose, polyhydroxyalkanoates, zein, soya protein, and gum. Final chapters explore other key themes, including filler interactions and properties in natural polymer-based composites, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity, and biodegradability, life cycle, and recycling. Throughout the book, information is supported by data, and guidance is offered regarding potential scale-up and industry factors.

Biologically functional ceramic materials have been known about for several decades, like phosphate cements and gypsum, and they are within the zeroth generation. Modern and artificially synthesized bioceramics include amorphous materials in the Bioglass (R) family that were developed in the early 1970's and derivative glass ceramics such as Bioverit (R) and Cerabone A-W (R) that came in 1980's. They are from the 2nd generation of materials, and mostly applicable to bone replacement or bone defect fillers. Since the late 1990's, newer technologies have been introduced to the biologically functional material fields; they are the syntheses of organic-inorganic hybrids of micro- and macroscopic scales as well as nano-scales, organic fragment-covered ceramic particles of varied sizes, with light-controlling abilities to modify the frequency of light, in addition synthesis of high strength and high-tribological durability that had not been available before. With the advent of additive manufacturing technology employing lasers, electron beams, and printers, clinical materials of complicated porous structures are now easily prepared. These materials are of the 3rd generation. This book will cover almost all kinds of such 3rd generation ceramic and ceramic-related biomaterials. This book conveys the current state-of-the-art on the science and technology of bioceramics, from nano-size dots or particles to macro-scale architectures, of a wide range of constitutions including quantum dots with peptide fragments, meso-scale therapeutic particles designed to involve drugs or genes, mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrids, nano-structured oxide layers on metals and alloys.

Nanostructured Immiscible Polymer Blends: Migration and Interface covers a wide range of nanoparticle types, emphasizing the mechanisms and parameters involved in the migration of nanofillers inside immiscible polymer blends. This book explores the influence of nanoparticle migration on the localization, and hence, morphology development, electrical conductivity, and met-rheological properties of blended composite materials. As the influence of solid particles, ranging in size from several hundred nanometers to a few microns in immiscible polymer blends has been extensively studied for use as compatibilizers, morphology stabilizers, and reinforcement agents, this book is a timely resource.

The Effect of Radiation on Properties of Polymers examines the effects of radiation on plastics and elastomers. Polymers are required in products or parts for a range of cutting-edge applications that are exposed to radiation, in areas such as space, medicine, and radiation processing. This book focuses on the effects of radiation exposure within that environment, providing in-depth data coverage organized by category of polymer. Aspects such as radiation impact on mechanical and thermal properties, including glass transition and heat deflection temperatures, are described, demonstrating how changes in these properties affect the performance of plastic or elastomer parts. The effect of radiation on electrical properties is also included. Supporting introductory chapters explain the key concepts of radiation, including the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of plastics and elastomers. This is a vital resource for plastics engineers, product designers, and R&D professionals, working on products or parts for radioactive environments, as well as engineers and scientists in the medical, nuclear, and radiation processing industries. The book also supports researchers and scientists in plastics engineering, polymer processing and properties, polymer and coatings chemistry, materials science, and radiation.