Nanotechnology has the potential to change every part of our lives. Today, nanotechnology-based products are used in many areas, and one of the most important areas is drug delivery. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems not only provide controlled delivery of drugs and improved drug solubility but also improve drug efficiency and reduce side effects via targeting mechanisms. However, compared with conventional drug delivery systems, few nanoparticle-based products are on the market and almost all are nontargeted or only passively targeted systems. In addition, obtaining targeted nanoparticle systems is quite complex and requires several evaluation mechanisms. This book discusses the production, characterization, regulation, and currently marketed targeted nanoparticle systems in a broad framework. It provides an overview of targeted nanoparticles' (i) in vitro characterization, such as particle size, stability, ligand density, and type; (ii) in vivo behavior for different targeting areas, such as tumor, brain, and vagina; and (iii) current advances in this field, including clinical trials and regulation processes.

Covers the fundamentals and research on graphene, including synthesis, properties, and various applications of graphene nanosheets Is a unique book on such an advanced research topic Gives an overview of the current status of the research and development in graphene Is illustrated throughout with excellent figures and includes latest references to accompany each section

Discusses the method to grow not only graphene over Cu but also allows the reader to know how to optimize graphene growth, using statistical design of experiments, on Cu interconnects in order to obtain good-quality and reliable interconnects Provides the basic understanding of graphene-Cu interaction mechanism Introduces a novel graphene growth process and graphene-assisted electroless copper plating

The polyurethane industry is among the fastest growing, with polyurethanes used in consumer as well as industrial sectors. Waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) exhibit many advantages over conventional volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based polyurethanes and have emerged as an environmentally friendly alternative. WPUs offer an opportunity to use sustainable raw materials to produce environmentally sustainable polymers, particularly, polyols derived from vegetable oils. Eco-Friendly Waterborne Polyurethanes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications provides state-of-the-art knowledge of the synthesis, application, and property enhancement of WPUs. Covers various types of eco-friendly materials and technologies used to synthesize WPUs Presents an overview and applications of WPUs in several advanced research areas Provides fundamentals of synthetic processes and their chemistries for specific applications Elaborates on advanced approaches used to convert renewable resources into polymers Offers new direction to scientists, researchers, and students to better understand the chemistry, technologies, and applications Written for polymer chemists, materials scientists, and other researchers and industry, this book serves as a comprehensive reference for readers interested in the development and application of sustainable polymers.

Finite Element Analysis of Weld Thermal Cycles Using ANSYS aims at educating a young researcher on the transient analysis of welding thermal cycles using ANSYS. It essentially deals with the methods of calculation of the arc heat in a welded component when the analysis is simplified into either a cross sectional analysis or an in-plane analysis. The book covers five different cases involving different welding processes, component geometry, size of the element and dissimilar material properties. A detailed step by step calculation is presented followed by APDL program listing and output charts from ANSYS. Features: Provides useful background information on welding processes, thermal cycles and finite element method Presents calculation procedure for determining the arc heat input in a cross sectional analysis and an in-plane analysis Enables visualization of the arc heat in a FEM model for various positions of the arc Discusses analysis of advanced cases like dissimilar welding and circumferential welding Includes step by step procedure for running the analysis with typical input APDL program listing and output charts from ANSYS.

Nanostructured advanced ceramics with non-traditional applications. Promising ceramics for removal of industrial wastes. Nanostructured Ceramics for optoelectronic devices.

Exhaustive, authoritative and comprehensive, using 160 statistical tables, this book addresses the fundamental structure of materials and remediation, and looks at the properties of water and water-induced degradation and deterioration, with chapters on moisture effects in buildings and materials, corrosion theory and metal protection. The authors explain the behaviour of materials in fires, fundamental fire resistance principles and techniques, calculation of flame temperatures, and the removal of heat by nitrogen and other combustion products. It addresses properties performance, degradation of masonry, plastics, adhesives, sealants, timber, glass and fibre composites, metals and alloy elements. Phase diagrams show cooling curves and structure for metals and alloys. Concrete technology is developed in relation to degradation, electro-potential mapping and cathodic protection of reinforced concrete. The book is fully updated to current British and European standards.
Addresses the fundamental structure of materials and remediation and looks at the properties of water and water-induced degradation and deteriorationExplains the behaviour of materials in fires, fundamental fire resistance principles and techniques, calculation of flame temperatures and the removal of heatFully updated to current British and European standards

Currently, the reliance on fossil fuels raises concerns on the increasing global energy demand, the rapid anthropogenic climate changes and growing environmental problems. The grand challenge is to search for viable carbon-neutral sources of renewable energy. Nanomaterials are arguably the base that integrates nanotechnology, information technology, and biotechnology; the major drivers of technological development today. Over the past decades, the understanding of form-function relations surrounding nanomaterials has significantly brightened the prospects of the transition from fossil fuels to solar fuels. This book introduces the latest developments in nanomaterials aimed at the applications in clean energy areas. It overviews the close link between nanomaterials development and energy applications from the experience and perspective of the authors. It discusses the bottom-up synthesis and interface engineering of new materials of different dimensions and describes their applications in future energy devices such as secondary batteries, novel solar cells, luminescent devices, and water splitting electrolyzers. .

Presents the latest global achievements in the processing and applications of high-Tc superconductors Discusses large-scale applications of high-temperature superconducting materials Contains contributions from several eminent scientists

Metal oxide nanoparticles exhibit potential applications in energy and environmental fields, such as solar cells, fuel cells, hydrogen energy, and energy storage devices. This book covers all points from synthesis, properties, and applications of transition metal oxide nanoparticle materials in energy storage and conversion devices. Aimed at graduate-level students and researchers associated with the energy and environment sector, this book addresses the application of nontoxic and environmentally friendly metal oxide materials for a clean environment and deals with synthesis properties and application metal oxides materials for energy conversion, energy storage, and hydrogen generation.

Chitin is the second most abundant natural polymer in the world after cellulose, mainly derived from the food waste of shrimp and crabs. Chitosan is the most important derivative of chitin. Thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and versatile chemical and physical properties, chitin and chitosan derivatives are used in a wide variety of applications, including water treatment, cosmetics and toiletries, food and beverages, healthcare/medical, and agrochemicals. Chitin and Chitosans in the Bioeconomy covers all major aspects of chitin and chitosan, including structure, biosynthesis, biodegradation, properties of chitin and derivatives, applications, and market. It offers a special focus on the bioeconomy, which is the renewable segment of the circular economy. Describes the structure, biosynthesis, and biodegradation of chitin and chitosan Covers chitin- and chitosan-based products Details valorization of these materials Presents information on shell biorefineries Chitin and Chitosans in the Bioeconomy serves as a reference for polymer scientists and engineers and is also accessible to economists and advanced students.

Emphasizing the static and dynamic behaviors of nanocomposite single- or multilayered structures in the framework of continuum mechanics-based approaches, Mechanics of Nanocomposites: Homogenization and Analysis investigates mechanical behaviors of polymeric matrices strengthened via various nanofillers and nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene platelets (GPLs), and graphene oxides (GOs). It covers equivalent properties of nanocomposites that are obtained via homogenization techniques based on micromechanics approaches. In addition, this comprehensive book: Discusses the effects of various nanofillers and identifies the amount of the improvement that can be induced in the stiffness of the polymeric nanocomposites by adding a finite content of the aforementioned nanosize reinforcements Magnifies the effect of the number of the stacking plies of the multi-layered nanocomposite structures on both static and dynamic responses of the continuous systems manufactured from such sandwich structures Presents a wide range of analytical and numerical solution procedures Investigates the effects of porosity along with mechanical characteristics of nanocomposites Considers the time-dependency of the material properties of the viscoelastic polymeric nanocomposite structures Performs analyses using an energy-based approach incorporated with the strain-displacement relations of both classical and higher-order shear deformable beam, plate, or shell theorems Aimed at researchers, academics, and professionals working across mechanical, materials, and other areas of engineering, this work ensures that readers are equipped to fully understand the mechanical characteristics of nanocomposite structures so that they can design, develop, and apply these materials effectively.

Microporous materials, including both zeolites and aluminophosphates are amongst the most fascinating classes of materials, with wide ranging important applications in catalysis, gas separation and ion exchange. The breadth of the field has, moreover, been extended in the last ten years by the discovery of the versatile and exciting ranges of mesoporous materials.
Computational methods have a long and successful history of application in solid state and materials science, where they are indeed established tools in modelling structural and dynamic properties of the bulk and surfaces of solids; and where they are playing an increasingly important role in understanding reactivity. Their application to zeolite science developed strongly in the 1980's, with the initial successes in modelling structure and sorption, and with emerging capability in quantum mechanical methods. The field was reviewed over ten years, since then there have been major developments in techniques and of course the power of the available hardware, which have promoted a whole range of new applications to real complex problems in the science of microporous materials. This book aims to summarise and illustrate the current capabilities of atomistic computer modelling methods in this growing field.
- Details advances in the rapidly expanding field of microporous materials.
- Summarises key current techniques in this type of modelling.
- Illustrates the current capabilities of atomistic computer modelling methods.

The Hip Joint, written in 2016, provides a detailed account of the hip joint's anatomy and biomechanics and covers recent trends in orthopaedic surgery of the hip joint, including the latest advances in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), computer-assisted navigation for THA, resurfacing of the hip joint and neoplastic conditions around the hip as well as indications, complications and outcomes of hip arthroscopy. Another book, The Hip Joint in Adults: Advances and Developments, gives additional important details of how hip joint surgery has evolved around the world. While much of the basic knowledge in this area is constant, it is critically important to stay current on those areas that do change. This updated second edition of The Hip Joint contains a host of original articles from contributory authors all around the world, showing the evolution of the hip joint till the present day, building upon the solid foundation set by the first edition. It covers hot topics such as 3D printing in orthopaedics and traumatology, stem cell therapy in orthopaedics, hip resurfacing, hip-preserving surgery, sports medicine for the hip joint, robotic-assisted surgery in orthopaedics and neoplastic conditions around the hip.

Provide a fundamental overview of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, its effects on the environment and other electronic goods, novel materials used for its mitigation. Includes comprehensive overview of the sources and effects of EM radiations. Explains synthesis, characterization methods, and properties of materials used to protect against the radiation. Gives an insight into the physics of EMI shielding and its associated mechanism. Examines the current state of the art and new challenges in this area

Mineral-filled polymer composites are widely used in industries across the globe, and applications are continuously increasing in sectors such as shipping, manufacturing and renewable energy. One of two volumes comprising the Mineral-Filled Polymer Composites Handbook, this volume provides an overview of the latest research and future directions of advanced mineral fiber-reinforced polymer composites, focused specifically on materials properties. It covers fundamentals, recent progress and new materials involved in mineral-filled polymer composites and includes a wide-ranging list of chapters authored by an international team of experts. This book: Examines the properties of a wide range of materials, from macro- to nano-sized Highlights resources for bio-based minerals production and compares bio-based minerals with commercial mineral fillers Covers novel synthesis methods Discusses effects of aging on properties Describes using halloysite and montmorillonite to improve composite properties and the potential of using mineral fillers to enhance the properties of biopolymer and synthetic polymers This book serves as an excellent reference guide for researchers, advanced students, academics and industry professionals interested in the synthesis of mineral-filled polymer and biopolymer composites, as well as those pursuing research in the broad fields of composite materials, polymers, organic/inorganic hybrid materials and nano-assembly.

After the drug discovery and development process, designing suitable formulations to safely deliver the optimum dose, while avoiding side effects, has been a constant challenge, especially when drugs are very toxic and have poor solubility and undesirable clearance profiles. With recent advances in synthetic technologies, nanoparticles can be custom-made from a variety of advanced materials to mimic the bioenvironment and can be equipped with various targeting and imaging moieties for site-specific delivery and real-time imaging. Drug Delivery Using Nanomaterials covers advancements in the field of nanoparticle-based drug-delivery systems, along with all the aspects needed for a successful and marketable nanoformulation. FEATURES Offers a general overview of the entire process involved in the synthesis and characterization of pharmaceutical nanoparticles Covers a broad range of synthetic materials for developing nanoformulations customized for specific disease states, target organs, and drugs Every chapter sequentially builds, providing a progressive pathway from classical nanoparticles to the more advanced to be used as a full drug product by consumers Provides information in a bottom-up manner in that definitions and explanations of relevant background information serve as a framework for understanding advanced concepts This user-friendly reference is aimed at materials engineers, chemical engineers, biomedical engineers, pharmaceutical scientists, chemists, and others working on advanced drug delivery, from academia as well as industry.

Superconductivity and Magnetism in Skutterudites discusses superconducting and magnetic properties of a class of materials called skutterudites. With a brief introduction of the fundamental structural features of skutterudites, the book then provides a detailed assessment of the superconducting and magnetic properties, focusing particularly on the rare earth-filled skutterudites where a plethora of fascinating properties and ground states is realized due to interactions of the filler species with the framework ions. Such interactions underpin the exciting forms of superconductivity and magnetism, most notably realized in the exotic heavy fermion superconductor of composition PrOs4Sb12. The two main topics of superconductivity and magnetism are provided with a concise introduction of superconducting and magnetic properties so that a reader can appreciate and understand the main arguments in the text. This book would appeal to graduate students, postdoctoral students, and anyone interested in superconducting and magnetic properties of a large family of minerals called skutterudites. Key Features: * Gives a thorough account of the superconducting and magnetic properties of skutterudites. * Each topic is accompanied by introductory sections to assist in the understanding of the text. * Supported by numerous figures and all key references.

Explores how antiviral nanomaterials can be used in developing targeted drug delivery practices and enable pharmaceutical industries to reformulate available drugs on market Covers immunization, imaging, and drug delivery and features various case studies on managing viral diseases Addresses synthesis protocols and recent developments by performing physicochemistry on virion substrate, hybrid viral networks, and multilayered arrays thus enabling R&D experts to study and successfully instigate cutting-edge technologies unique to viruses Discusses current and near future applications of antiviral nanomaterials and their activity in drug delivery systems Describes the role of nanotechnology in prevention, detection, and treatment of COVID-19 Investigates the role of antiviral nanodrugs play in human and animal body systems and in major viral disease types.

This book presents an overview of the current status of translating the RNAi cancer therapeutics in the clinic, a brief description of the biological barriers in drug delivery, and the roles of imaging in aspects of administration route, systemic circulation, and cellular barriers for the clinical translation of RNAi cancer therapeutics, and with partial content for discussing the safety concerns. It then focuses on imaging-guided delivery of RNAi therapeutics in preclinical development, including the basic principles of different imaging modalities, and their advantages and limitations for biological imaging. With growing number of RNAi therapeutics entering the clinic, various imaging methods will play an important role in facilitating the translation of RNAi cancer therapeutics from bench to bedside. RNAi technique has become a powerful tool for basic research to selectively knock down gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Our scientific and industrial communities have started to develop RNAi therapeutics as the next class of drugs for treating a variety of genetic disorders, such as cancer and other diseases that are particularly hard to address with current treatment strategies. Key Features Provides insight into the current advances and hurdles of RNAi therapeutics. Accelerates RNAi, miRNAs, and siRNA drug development for cancer therapy from bench to bedside. Addresses various modifications and novel delivery strategies for miRNAs, piRNAs and siRNA delivery in anticancer therapeutics. Explores the need for the interaction of hematologists,cell biologists, immunologists, and material scientists in the development of novel cancer therapies. Describes the current status of clinical trials related to miRNA and siRNA-based cancer therapy Presents remaining issues that need to be overcome to establish successful therapies.

Deployment of Rare Earth Materials in Microware Devices, RF Transmitters, and Laser Systems describes the deployment of rare earth materials that offer significant improvement in the RF performance, reliability, weight, and size of microwave devices, RF transmitters, and laser systems. RF components, microware transmitters, laser systems, and special timing devices are described, with an emphasis on improvement in the performance parameters.

Basic concepts on biodegradable biopolymer science are presented in this book, as well as techniques, analyses, standards, and essential criteria for the characterization of biodegradable materials obtained from biopolymers. The development and innovation of products and processes considering the environment are highlighted in this book. All of the applications described have been discussed from the point of view of sustainability. Additionally, this book highlights that biodegradability is a great burden when trying to replace, modify, and/or design existing products, and processes that are highly polluting. Finally, the present book concludes with reflections on the development of biopolymers in different areas, and some of their consequences depending on their biodegradability.

Offering the latest information in magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) research, Magnetic Nanoparticles: From Fabrication to Clinical Applications provides a comprehensive review, from synthesis, characterization, and biofunctionalization to clinical applications of MNPs, including the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. This book, written by some of the most qualified experts in the field, not only fills a hole in the literature, but also bridges the gaps between all the different areas in this field. Translational research on tailored magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications spans a variety of disciplines, and putting together the most significant advances into a practical format is a challenging task. Balancing clinical applications with the underlying theory and foundational science behind these new discoveries, Magnetic Nanoparticles: From Fabrication to Clinical Applications supplies a toolbox of solutions and ideas for scientists in the field and for young researchers interested in magnetic nanoparticles.

This unique book presents an integrated approach to the chemistry of art materials, exploring the many chemical processes involved. The Chemistry and Mechanism of Art Materials: Unsuspected Properties and Outcomes engages readers with historical vignettes detailing examples of unexpected outcomes due to materials used by known artists. The book discusses artists' materials focusing on relevant chemical mechanisms which underlie the synthesis and deterioration of inorganic pigments in paintings, the ageing of the binder in oil paintings, and sulfation of wall paintings as well as the toxicology of these pigments and solvents used by artists. Mechanisms illustrate the stepwise structural transformation of a variety of art materials. Based on the author's years of experience teaching college chemistry, the approach is descriptive and non-mathematical throughout. An introductory section includes a review of basic concepts and provides concise descriptions of analytical methods used in contemporary art conservation. Additional features include: Illustrations of chemical reactivity associated with art materials Includes a review of chemical bonding principles, redox and mechanism writing Covers analytical techniques used by art conservation scientists Accessible for readers with a limited science background Provides numerous references for readers seeking additional information

This book bridges the gaps where limited resources are available on comprehensive coverage of spark erosion machining (SEM) based processes. It provides researchers and scholars a vast amount of information on recent research on the subject. It also serves as a resource of novel and specialized applications of spark erosion machining and its variants, for students and faculties involved with advanced machining processes. Some salient features of the book: Describes various important aspects of spark-erosion based processes including their derived and hybrid processes. Includes a broad scope of SEM applications from industrial, commercial, and scientific to aerospace, automobiles and biomedical domains. Covers a wide range of materials applications of SE-based processes to different exotic and difficult-to-machine materials, i.e. superalloys, composites, ceramics, shape memory alloys, etc. Provides details micro version of EDM and WEDM processes and their specialized applications.