Nanotechnology for Civil Infrastructure: Innovation and Eco-efficiency of Nanostructured Cement-Based Materials explores recent innovations in civil infrastructure materials developed through nanotechnology. The book covers cementitious materials containing nanomaterials, covering their design, characterization and applications. The book also covers the possibilities to optimize properties such as rheological properties, mechanical strength, durability and resistance to aggressive environments and loads, and eco-efficiency. Final sections explore the integration of nanomaterials in cement mixtures that lead to nanocomposites with novel properties, such as self-healing, self-sensing, and self-cleaning, and featured applications in civil infrastructure.

Mineral Processing: Beneficiation Operations and Process Optimization through Modeling is written for both individuals working in industry as well as students. Processing techniques for the recovery or extraction of a particular mineral are largely dictated by the physical, chemical, and mineral characteristics of that particular mineral. The design of the process flow sheet and the configuration of the circuit can vary from situation to situation, as well, and this book guides readers in formulating those flow sheets for various minerals in order to assist in selecting the right equipment for the process. The book serves as a guide to mineral processing plant engineers for flow sheet development of various minerals, including coal and steel plant waste. It additionally includes alternative flow sheets and process routes for plant design.

Polymer/Fullerene Nanocomposites: Design and Applications synopsizes state-of-the-art essentials and versatile inventions in polymers and fullerenes derived nanocomposites. As the design, fabrication and exploration of polymeric materials with fullerenes in advanced nanomaterials is progressing quickly because of their unique combination of properties, including optical, electronic, electrical, mechanical, thermal, photovoltaic, sensing, shape memory, capacitive, antimicrobial, and other applications, this book fills a void in literature compilation and assessment for a field still in its infancy. The introductory chapter of this manuscript provides a comprehensive update on the fundamentals and applications of fullerenes, with following chapters revealing the properties and essential aspects of polymeric nanocomposites.

Advances in Electronic Materials for Clean Energy Conversion and Storage Applications reviews green synthesis and fabrication techniques of various electronic materials and their derivatives for applications in photovoltaics. The book investigates recent advances, progress and issues of photovoltaic-based research, including organic, hybrid, dye-sensitized, polymer, and quantum dot-based solar cells. There is a focus on applications for clean energy and storage in the book. Clean energy is defined as energy derived from renewable resources or zero-emission sources and natural processes that are regenerative and sustainable resources such as biomass, geothermal energy, hydropower, solar and wind energy. Materials discussed include nanomaterials, nanocomposites, polymers, and polymer-composites. Advances in clean energy conversion and energy storage devices are also reviewed thoroughly based on recent research and developments such as supercapacitors, batteries etc. Reliable methods to characterize and analyze these materials systems and devices are emphasized throughout the book. Important information on synthesis and analytical chemistry of these important systems are reviewed, but also material science methods to investigate optical properties of carbon-nanomaterials, metal oxide nanomaterials and their nanocomposites.

Sustainable Hydrogels: Synthesis, Properties and Applications highlights the development of sustainable hydrogels from various perspectives and covers a range of topics, including the development and utilization of abundant and/or inexpensive biorenewable monomers to create hydrogels; the mimicry of variable properties inherent to successful commercial hydrogels; and the creation of bio-based hydrogels that are functional equivalents of fossil fuel-derived hydrogels with respect to their properties, yet are capable of benign degradation over much shorter timescales. Some of the challenges facing sustainable polymer chemistry are also discussed.

Handbook of Adhesion Promoters, Second Edition outlines known mechanisms, principles of use, and the applications of different groups of adhesion promoters, along with a discussion of the mechanisms that cause adhesion loss, such as corrosion, delamination, detachment, liquid penetration and peeling. Surface condition and treatment are also discussed, including different methods (cleaning, mechanical, plasma, microwave, flame, corona discharge, laser, UV, and chemical modification) for practical applications. Formulation of typical primers used in the application of adhesives, sealants, coatings, coil coatings, cosmetics, metal, optical devices, polymers and plastics are covered, with over 50 primer formulations provided. In addition, a full chapter is dedicated to the subject of polymer modification for improved adhesion, a method frequently used instead of the addition of adhesion promoters. The book's final chapters contain information on available evaluation and selection of adhesion promoters that work with different polymers (29), products (28), and those that help to prevent corrosion.

Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Gas Sensing discusses the state of the art, emerging challenges, properties, and opportunities of various carbon-based nanomaterials and nanocomposites, for their application in smart gas sensors. The book focuses on various carbon-based nanomaterials and their nanocomposites, sensing mechanism, device fabrication, and their application for the sensing of various hazardous gases. This is important for several industries, environmental monitoring, and human healthcare, due to increased industrialization. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Gas Sensing provides systematic and effective guidelines for researchers who want to gain a fundamental understanding of how this class of materials is being used for gas sensing. Since these sensors can be applied for the automation of numerous industrial processes, as well as for everyday monitoring of various activities, such as public safety, engine performance, medical therapeutics, and in many other situations, this book will catch the attention of readers and motivate them for advanced research in the development of smart and efficient gas sensors.

Principles of Biomaterials Encapsulation: Volume One, provides an expansive and in-depth resource covering the key principles, biomaterials, strategies and techniques for encapsulation. Volume One begins with an introduction to encapsulation, with subsequent chapters dedicated to a broad range of encapsulation principles and techniques, including spray chilling and cooling, microemulsion, polymerization, extrusion, cell microencapsulation and much more. This book methodically details each technique, assessing the advantages and disadvantages of each, allowing the reader to make an informed decision when using encapsulation in their research. Principles of Biomaterials Encapsulation: Volume One enables readers to learn about the various strategies and techniques available for encapsulation of a wide selection of biomedical substrates, such as drugs, cells, hormones, growth factors and so on. Written and edited by well-versed materials scientists with extensive clinical, biomedical and regenerative medicine experience, this book offers a deeply interdisciplinary look at encapsulation in translational medicine. As such, this book will provide a useful resource to a broad readership, including those working in the fields of materials science, biomedical engineering, regenerative and translational medicine, pharmacology, chemical engineering and nutritional science.

Nanoelectronics: Physics, Materials and Devices addresses the concepts involved in the exploration of research on nanoscale electronics and photonic devices and their application in next-generation integrated circuits (ICs). The book presents a detailed discussion on the field of nanoscale electronic and photonic devices, as well as the most recent techniques for the modeling and simulation of these devices. It provides an in-depth analysis of theoretical frameworks, the fundamental physics underlying device operation, computational modeling, simulation methods, and circuit applications of nanoscale devices. The purpose of this book is to provide a desirable balance between basic background and concepts to improve device performance. In this book, both qualitative and quantitative approaches are considered to analyze and explore the contributions made by various researchers actively engaged in nanoscale device research. The book's main motivation is to help solve the challenges of analyzing and exploring the electrical behaviors of contemporary nanoscale device technologies. It purposefully builds the principles of nano electronic devices gradually, invigorating those of micro electronic devices.

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Green Solvents and Extraction Technology provides information on the use of green solvents and their applications in the synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs, energy conversion and storage, catalysis, biodiesel synthesis, multicomponent reactions, waste valorization, and more. The book features introductory chapters related to the applications of green solvents and related extraction technology for sustainable development, including research trends, technical development, environment issues, and related concerns. The book provides examples covering the extraction of nanocellulose (from agricultural wastes), polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, antioxidants (from vegetables), biomolecules and green solvents (from biomass and precious metals).

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Natural Materials-Based Green Composites 2: Biomass deals with using biomass in the preparation of green composites and focuses on biomass from agro-industrial waste, geopolymers, natural gums, plants, green algae, etc. The book covers applications in allied areas such as energy and environment that process fuels and chemicals, wastewater treatment, coatings and catalysis. The book deals with a broad range of material types, including natural fiber reinforced polymer composites, particulate composites, fiberboard, wood fiber composites, and plywood composites that utilize natural, renewable, and biodegradable agricultural biomass.The book complements Natural Materials-based Green Composites 1: Plant Fibers that includes introductory information and various innovative applications of most important plant fiber-based materials such as wood fibers, vegetable fibers, jute fibers, stalk fibers, and hemp fibers.

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Analysis Using Mathematica, Second Edition reviews the processes and designs used to manufacture, use, and dispose of chemical products using Mathematica, one of the most powerful mathematical software tools available for symbolic, numerical, and graphical computing. Analysis and computation are explained simultaneously. The book covers the core concepts of chemical engineering, ranging from the conservation of mass and energy to chemical kinetics. The text also shows how to use the latest version of Mathematica, from the basics of writing a few lines of code through developing entire analysis programs. This second edition has been fully revised and updated, and includes analyses of the conservation of energy, whereas the first edition focused on the conservation of mass and ordinary differential equations.

Tribology of Polymers, Polymer Composites, and Polymer Nanocomposites combines fundamental knowledge with the latest findings in the area of polymer tribology. From testing of property-related mechanisms to prediction of wear using artificial neural networks, the book explores all relevant polymer types, including elastomers, epoxy-based, nylon, and more while also discussing their different types of reinforcement, such as particulates, short fibers, natural fibers, and beyond. New developments in sustainable materials, environmental effects, nanoscaled fillers, and self-lubrication are each discussed, as are applications of these materials, guidelines for when to use certain polymer systems, and functional groups of polymers. Experimental methods and modeling and prediction techniques are also outlined. The tribology of graphene-based, biodegradable, hybrid nanofiller/polymer nanocomposites and other types of polymers is discussed at length.

This edited book is a compilation of scholarly articles on the latest developments in the field of additive manufacturing, discussing nature-inspired and artificial intelligence-aided additive manufactured processes for different materials including biomanufacturing, and their applications, as well as various methods to enhance the characteristics of the materials produced, the efficiency of the manufacturing process itself, as well as optimal ways to develop a product in minimum time. The book explores the advancements in additive manufacturing from prefabrication stage to final product, with real-time defect detection, control, and process efficiency improvement covered. This book will be a great resource for engineers, researchers, and academics involved in this revolutionary and unique field of manufacturing.

Quantum dots: Emerging materials for versatile applications is an introduction to the fundamentals and important advances of research of this important category of semiconductor nanostructured materials. After a brief review of relevant nanotechnology concepts and the unique properties of nanomaterials, the book describes the fundamentals of quantum dots with definitions of the primary classifications of quantum dots. There is an emphasis on practical considerations of the commercial translation of quantum dots such as their toxicity, stability, and disposal. Moreover, the book focuses on a review of the advances in research in emerging quantum dot materials along with the latest innovations in materials design and fabrication methods. Quantum Dots is suitable for materials scientists and engineers in academia or industry R&D who are looking for an introduction to this research topic or a key reference on the latest advances and applications.

Handbook of Plasticizers, Fourth Edition provides a comprehensive review of the current literature as well as cutting-edge details on plasticizers obtained from renewable resources. The book specifies the typical properties of plasticizers belonging to one of thirty-one groups, including expected properties in a given group. The mechanisms of plasticizers, plasticization production steps, and their material behavior in plasticized systems are outlined, along with theoretical background to help readers understand practical observations and methods of material improvement. Other chapters cover the effects on the physical and mechanical properties of plasticized materials, their use in polymers, processing defects formation, and more. This is an essential professional reference, providing R&D scientists, production chemists, and engineers the information they need to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. In addition, the book shows readers how and where to use plasticizers more effectively.

Civil Engineering Materials: From Theory to Practice presents the state-of-the-art in civil engineering materials, including the fundamental theory of materials needed for civil engineering projects and unique insights from decades of large-scale construction in China. The title includes the latest advances in new materials and techniques for civil engineering, showing the relationship between composition, structure and properties, and covering ultra-high-performance concrete and self-compacting concrete developed in China. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the most commonly used, most advanced materials for use in civil engineering. This volume consists of eight chapters covering the fundamentals of materials, inorganic cementing materials, Portland cement concrete, bricks, blocks and building mortar, metal, wood, asphalt and polymers.

Aptamers Engineered Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy details the selection technologies, biological characteristics, and clinical uses of aptamer-based nano agents for cancer therapeutics. The book helps facilitate speedy solutions for some of the problems pertaining to the manufacture of nano-aptamers - such as toxicity, thermal stability, cost efficiency, tumor penetration and blood stability. Key chapters cover cell-SELEX technology for aptamer selection, mechanisms of multi-drug resistance of cancer, the relevance of aptamers as anticancer therapies, as well as the broad range of aptamer-functionalized nanostructures available. This book provides exciting insights into this relatively new approach to cancer therapeutics, and will be of interest to materials scientists, biomedical engineers, molecular biologists, biochemists and clinical scientists, with a focus on cancer therapy.

Protein-Based Biopolymers: From Source to Biomedical Applications provides an overview on the development and application of protein biopolymers in biomedicine. Protein polymers have garnered increasing focus in the development of biomedical materials, devices and therapeutics due to their intrinsic bioactivity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. This book comprehensively reviews the latest advances on the synthesis, characterization, properties and applications of protein-based biopolymers. Each chapter is dedicated to a single protein class, covering a broad range of proteins including silk, collagen, keratin, fibrin, and more. In addition, the book explores the biomedical potential of these polymers, from tissue engineering, to drug delivery and wound healing. This book offers a valuable resource for academics and researchers in the fields of materials science, biomedical engineering and R&D groups working in pharmaceutical and biomedical industries.

Nano-scale materials have unique electronic, optical, and chemical properties that make them attractive for a new generation of devices. In the second edition of Modeling, Characterization, and Production of Nanomaterials: Electronics, Photonics, and Energy Applications, leading experts review the latest advances in research in the understanding, prediction, and methods of production of current and emerging nanomaterials for key applications. The chapters in the first half of the book cover applications of different modeling techniques, such as Green's function-based multiscale modeling and density functional theory, to simulate nanomaterials and their structures, properties, and devices. The chapters in the second half describe the characterization of nanomaterials using advanced material characterization techniques, such as high-resolution electron microscopy, near-field scanning microwave microscopy, confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis of nanoparticles, and applications of nanomaterials in areas such as electronics, solar energy, catalysis, and sensing. The second edition includes emerging relevant nanomaterials, applications, and updated modeling and characterization techniques and new understanding of nanomaterials.

Databook of Adhesion Promoters, Second Edition contains data on the most important adhesion promoter products in use today. Information on each adhesion promoter is divided into five sections: General Information, Physical Properties, Health and Safety, Ecological Properties, and Use and Performance. The previous edition of this book was mostly related to silanes, but many new additives have been introduced to the market, many not based on silanes but on one of 37 chemical groups of chemical compounds needed for a variety of products in which silanes do not function, are too expensive, or better performance can be achieved with these new additives. The years that have passed since publication of the first edition have also had a significant impact on sourcing and selection of adhesion promoters for different tasks. Due to mergers and acquisitions, many additives are no longer in use. Because of scientific developments, more products are based on renewable resources and selected from less toxic origins. There is also a clear tendency to limit the scope of application which can lead to many products being designed for specialized, frequently single product applications.

Databook of Surface Modification Additives, Second Edition contains data on 10 groups of additives, including anti-scratch and mar-preventing additives, additives for surface tension reduction and wetting, hydrophobization additives, gloss enhancement and surface matting additives, additives for formation of tack-free surface and tackifiers, and stain inhibiting additives. The information on each is divided into five sections, including General Information, Physical- chemical Properties, Health and Safety, Ecological Properties and Use and Performance. This data is provided for approximately 360 of the most important surface modification additives produced and used today. This databook will be an extremely useful resource for engineers, researchers and technicians interested in using additives to modify and improve the surface properties of materials.

Functional Fillers: Chemical Composition, Morphology, Performance, Applications, Second Edition covers the structure, physical properties, electrical and magnetic properties, and applications of fillers. The book includes two sections, with the first part covering classic fillers, analyzing the current modifications in relation to composition and morphology, and enabling enhancements in properties and applications. The second part presents the new generation of fillers, which provide designers with exceptional properties not previously available. Applications discussed include lubricants, anti-corrosion, antimicrobial, and more. Renewable fillers and recycling of fillers are covered as well.

The new ASM Handbook, Volume 11: Failure Analysis and Prevention is a valuable resource for failure analysts, engineers, and technical personnel who are looking to identify the root cause(s) of failures and to prevent future failures. The editors and hundreds of authors and peer reviewers worked tirelessly to revise Volume 11 from its 2002 and 1986 editions with the goal to provide the "go-to" reference for those confronted with the failure of a machine or component. Volume 11 contains divisions devoted to the practice of failure analysis, tools and techniques, fatigue and fracture, environmental and corrosion-related failures, wear failures, and distortion. The emphasis is on general principles with the widest applicability to situations that the reader is likely to encounter. For the specific considerations associated with common types of components, the companion ASM Handbook, Volume 11A: Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures, is scheduled for publication in 2021.

Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Graphitic Carbon Nitride: An Uprising Carbonaceous Material offers an up-to-date record on the major findings and observations relating to graphitic carbon nitride-based systems, elaborately covering all the aspects of carbon nitride as chemical stable and pollution-free materials that are easy to prepare in a cost-effective way, along with their applications in photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, photocatalytic hydrogen generation, carbon dioxide reduction, disinfection, sensors and supercapacitors. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a fascinating visible light photocatalyst, which possesses many properties that can be used for many applications. This makes the book an indispensable reference for (post)-graduate students, researchers in academia and industry, and engineers working in the field of graphitic carbon-nitride-based systems.