A comprehensive look combining experimental and theoretical approaches to graphene, nanotubes, and quantum dots-based nanotechnology evaluation and development are including a review of key applications. Graphene, nanotubes, and quantum dots-based nanotechnology review the fundamentals, processing methods, and applications of this key materials system. The topics addressed are comprehensive including synthesis, preparation, both physical and chemical properties, both accepted and novel processing methods, modeling, and simulation. The book provides fundamental information on key properties that impact performance, such as crystal structure and particle size, followed by different methods to analyze, measure, and evaluate graphene, nanotubes, and quantum dots-based nanotechnology and particles. Finally, important applications are covered, including different applications of biomedical, energy, electronics, etc. Graphene, nanotubes, and quantum dots-based nanotechnology is appropriate for those working in the disciplines of nanotechnology, materials science, chemistry, physics, biology, and medicine.

Reliability and Failure Analysis of High-Power LED Packaging provides fundamental understanding of the reliability and failure analysis of materials for high-power LED packaging, with the ultimate goal of enabling new packaging materials. This book describes the limitations of the present reliability standards in determining the lifetime of high-power LEDs due to the lack of deep understanding of the packaging materials and their interaction with each other. Many new failure mechanisms are investigated and presented with consideration of the different stresses imposed by varying environmental conditions. The detailed failure mechanisms are unique to this book and will provide insights for readers regarding the possible failure mechanisms in high-power LEDs. The authors also show the importance of simulation in understanding the hidden failure mechanisms in LEDs. Along with simulation, the use of various destructive and non-destructive tools such as C-SAM, SEM, FTIR, Optical Microscopy, etc. in investigation of the causes of LED failures are reviewed. The advancement of LEDs in the last two decades has opened vast new applications for LEDs which also has led to harsher stress conditions for high-power LEDs. Thus, existing standards and reliability tests need to be revised to meet the new demands for high-power LEDs.

Polymeric materials offer a high level of versatility due to the range of applications possible within the biomedical and clinical fields - including wound closure - particularly in comparison to metals or ceramics. These specialised materials also allow for a diverse array of therapeutic effects. Although there have been advances in improving polymeric materials for surgical sutures, there is little information available regarding improving the therapeutic value of sutures, and advanced technologies used to implement this improvement. Advanced Technologies and Polymer Materials for Surgical Sutures provides thorough coverage on suture materials with improved mechanical and therapeutic properties that can improve quality of life; chapter topics include drug-releasing kinetics of sutures, shape memory polymer sutures and future trends. This book is a useful resource for academics and researchers in the materials science and biomedical engineering fields, as well as professionals in biomaterials and biotextiles development and clinicians looking to learn more about suture material properties and suture/body interactions.

Modern Luminescence: From Fundamental Concepts to Materials and Applications, Volume One, Concepts and Luminescence is a multivolume work that reviews the fundamental principles, properties and applications of luminescent materials. Topics addressed include key concepts of luminescence, with a focus on important characterization techniques to understand a wide category of luminescent materials. The most relevant luminescent materials, such as transition metals, rare-earth materials, actinide-based materials, and organic materials are discussed, along with emerging applications of luminescent materials in biomedicine, solid state devices, and the development of hybrid materials. This book is an important introduction to the underlying scientific concepts needed to understand luminescence, such as atomic and molecular physics and chemistry. Other topics explored cover the latest advances in materials characterization methods, such as Raman spectroscopy, ultrafast spectroscopy, nonlinear spectroscopy, and more. Finally, there is a focus on the materials physics of nanophotonics.

Epitaxial Growth of Complex Metal Oxides, Second Edition reviews techniques and recent developments in the fabrication quality of complex metal oxides, which are facilitating advances in electronic, magnetic and optical applications. Sections review the key techniques involved in the epitaxial growth of complex metal oxides and explore the effects of strain and stoichiometry on crystal structure and related properties in thin film oxides. Finally, the book concludes by discussing selected examples of important applications of complex metal oxide thin films, including optoelectronics, batteries, spintronics and neuromorphic applications. This new edition has been fully updated, with brand new chapters on topics such as atomic layer deposition, interfaces, STEM-EELs, and the epitaxial growth of multiferroics, ferroelectrics and nanocomposites.

Natural fiber composites have experienced a renaissance over the last two decades as a response to societal demands for developing eco-friendly, biodegradable and recyclable materials. They are now being extensively used in everyday products as well as in automotive, packaging, sports and the construction industries. These fibers require surface treatments in order to improve their properties and interfacial bonding with polymer matrices, and to reduce their hydrophilic character. These methods can be grouped into three major categories: chemical, physical and biological. Chemical methods use chemical reagents to reduce fibers' hydrophilic tendency and thus improve compatibility with the matrix. They also expose more reactive groups on the fibre surface to facilitate efficient coupling with the matrix. Physical methods change structural and surface properties of the fiber and thereby influence the interfacial bonding with matrices, without extensively changing the chemical composition of the fibers. They are cleaner and simpler than the chemical methods. Biological methods use biological agents like fungi, enzymes and bacteria to modify the fiber surface properties. These methods are not toxic like chemical methods and are not energy-intensive like physical methods. Surface Treatment Methods of Natural Fibers and their Effects on Biocomposites presents an overview and recent developments of these methods. All the major methods are reviewed, explaining the science and methodology behind each method. The effects of these methods on various properties of fibers and the biocomposites made from these fibers are analyzed in detail. The book will be an essential reference for academic researchers, materials scientists and engineers, postgraduate students and industrial researchers and development scientists and engineers working on natural fibers and biocomposites.

Nanotechnology in the Automotive Industry explores how nanotechnology and nanomaterials are used to enhance the performance of materials and devices for automotive application by fabricating nano-alloys, nanocomposites, nano coatings, nanodevices, nanocatalysts and nanosensors. Consisting of 36 chapters in 6 parts, this new volume in the Micro and Nano Technologies series is for materials scientists, nanotechnologists and automotive engineers working with nanotechnology and nanomaterials for automotive applications. Nanotechnology is seen as one of the core technologies for the future automotive industry to sustain competitiveness. The benefits that nanotechnology brings to the automotive sector include stronger and lighter materials for increased safety and reduced fuel consumption, improved engine performance and fuel consumption for gasoline powered vehicles due to nanocatalysts, fuel additives and lubricants, and more.

Sustainability and Health in Intelligent Buildings presents a comprehensive roadmap for designing and constructing high-performance clean energy-efficient buildings, including intelligence capabilities underpinned by smart power, 5G and Internet-of-Things technologies, environmental sensors, intelligent control strategies and cyber-physical security. This book includes a special emphasis on health pandemic resiliency that discusses strong engineering control strategies to respond and recover from infectious diseases like COVID-19. Sections cover the foundational aspects of healthy buildings, with a special emphasis on assessing indoor environmental qualities. In addition, it introduces the necessary principles that assist engineers and researchers in understanding and designing buildings that meet health and sustainability goals.

Bamboo Fibres: Processing, Properties, and Applications brings together best practices from key stages of bamboo production and application, allowing readers to find new solutions for bamboo fibers. Chapters on bamboo fiber characterization and properties show the full range of functional uses of the material. When used as a replacement for petrochemical-based synthetic fibers, this abundant and cheap material/textile can significantly reduce the environmental impact of textile products. This book is an invaluable resource for fiber chemists, material scientists, fabric technologists, manufacturers, and researchers interested in sustainable textiles. Bamboo fiber is a cellulosic fibre regenerated from the bamboo plant. It is highly sustainable being fully biodegradable and has strength comparable to conventional glass fibers. It has many other valuable characteristics, being bacteriostatic, antifungal, antibacterial, hypoallergenic, hydroscopic, a natural deodorizer, and resistant to ultraviolet light. Furthermore, it is highly durable, stable and tough and has substantial tensile strength. Due to its versatile properties, bamboo fibers are already used in the textile industry to make garments, in biomedical applications due to its antibacterial qualities, and many other areas.

Engineered Nanostructures for Therapeutics and Biomedical Applications offers a single reference for a diverse biomedical readership to learn about the application of nanotechnology in biomedicine and biomedical engineering, from past developments to current research and future prospects. This book sets out a broad selection of biomedical and therapeutic applications for nanostructures, including bioimaging, nanorobotics, orthopedics, and tissue engineering, offering a useful, multidisciplinary approach. Each chapter discusses challenges faced in each discipline, including limiting factors, biocompatibility, and toxicity, thus enabling the reader to make informed decisions in their research. This book is a comprehensive, broad overview of the role and significance of nanomaterials and their composites that also includes discussions of key aspects in the field of biomedicine. It will be of significant interest to academics and researchers in materials science and engineering, biomedicine and biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, pharmaceutics, bioimaging, and nanorobotics.

Energy Landscapes of Nanoscale Systems provides a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in energy landscapes theory and applications. The book's chapters reflect diversity and knowledge transfer that is a key strength of the energy landscape approach. To reflect the breadth of this field, contributions include applications for clusters, biomolecules, crystal structure prediction and glassy materials. Chapters highlighting new methodologies, especially enhanced sampling techniques are included. In particular, the development and application of global optimization for structure prediction, methods for treating broken ergodicity on multifunnel landscapes, and treatment of rare event dynamics that reflect the state-of-the-art are featured. This book is an important reference source for materials scientists and energy engineers who want to understand more about how nanotechnology applies to the energy landscape approach. This volume is dedicated to Prof. Roy L. Johnston, who was formerly Co-Editor of the Frontiers of Nanoscience series, and who passed away in 2019.

Xenes: 2D Synthetic Materials Beyond Graphene includes all the relevant information about Xenes thus far reported, focusing on emerging materials and new trends. The book's primary goal is to include full descriptions of each Xene type by leading experts in the area. Each chapter will provide key principles, theories, methods, experiments and potential applications. The book also reviews the key challenges for synthetic 2D materials such as characterization, modeling, synthesis, and integration strategies. This comprehensive book is suitable for materials scientists and engineers, physicists and chemists working in academia and R&D in industry. The discovery of silicene dates back to 2012. Since then, other Xenes were subsequently created with synthetic methods. The portfolio of Xenes includes different chemical elements of the periodic table and hence the related honeycomb-like lattices show a wealth of electronic and optical properties that can be successfully exploited for applications.

60 Years of the Loeb-Sourirajan Membrane: Principles, New Materials, Modelling, Characterization and Applications bring forth theoretical advances, novel characterization techniques, materials development, advanced treatment processes, and emerging applications of membrane-based technologies. The trigger for writing this book is the 2020, 60th anniversary of the first asymmetric polymeric membrane invented by Dr. Sidney Loeb and Dr. Srinivasa Sourirajan (University of California, Los Angeles, USA) on the breakthrough discovery of the semipermeable membrane for seawater desalination. The book places emphasis on the advances of organic and inorganic membranes in different fields, covering not only the primary application of membranes for water and wastewater treatment but also other applications dealing with energy conversion and storage, organic solvent purification, gas separation, and biomedical processes.

Luminescent Metal Nanoclusters: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications provides a comprehensive accounting of various protocols used for the synthesis of metal nanoclusters, their characterization techniques, toxicity evaluation and various applications and future prospects. The book provides detailed experimental routes, along with mechanisms on the formation of benign metallic clusters using biomaterials and a comprehensive review regarding the preparation, properties and prospective applications of these nano clusters in various fields, including therapeutic applications. Various methods to protect nanocluster materials to increase their stability are emphasized, including the incorporation of ligands (protein, small molecule, DNA, thiols). This book addresses a gap in the current literature by bringing together the preparation, characterization and applications of all the possible types of reported metal nanoclusters and their hybrids. It is suitable for materials scientists and engineers in academia and those working in research and development in industry. It may also be of interest to those working in the interdisciplinary nanotechnology community, such as physical chemists.

Nanocarriers for Drug-Targeting Brain Tumors covers different types of nanocarriers and their design and development for targeting drugs to the brain. The book also presents case studies and the mechanism of action of nanocarriers in drug targeting to a specific site. This helps researchers and clinicians understand the design, development and mechanism of action of nanocarriers. As brain tumors continue to be a significant health problem globally, and very complex for targeting drugs, conventional dosage forms are not very effective and side-effects are a major concern. Functionalized nanocarriers can address these problems. Furthermore, the targeting of nanocarriers is preferred for reducing toxicity and improving the effectiveness of the drugs. However, there is a need for understanding the design and development of formulation with the mechanism of action of nanocarriers for brain targeting.

Coir Fiber and its Composites: Processing, Properties and Applications presents unified knowledge on eco-friendly coir fiber composites, covering their characterization, design, manufacture and applications. The properties of coir fiber and its extraction and processing are explored in-depth, thus helping researchers, scientists and those working in various industries understand the need of coir fiber composites in the development of green, biodegradable and sustainable components that have potential in real-world applications. The book elaborates on the basic characterization of coir fibers and its composite properties such, including its physical, mechanical, morphological, thermal, structural and chemical properties. Users will find sound knowledge on coir fiber and its composites, including modern design and manufacture engineering with numerous example illustrations, methods and results that will be valuable for graduate students, researchers and industrialists working in the development of plant-based composite materials.

Fretting Wear and Fretting Fatigue: Fundamental Principles and Applications takes a combined mechanics and materials approach, providing readers with a fundamental understanding of fretting phenomena, related modeling and experimentation techniques, methods for mitigation, and robust examples of practical applications across an array of engineering disciplines. Sections cover the underpinning theories of fretting wear and fretting fatigue, delve into experimentation and modeling methods, and cover a broad array of applications of fretting fatigue and fretting wear, looking at its impacts in medical implants, suspension ropes, bearings, heating exchangers, electrical connectors, and more.

Engineered Polymer Nanocomposites for Energy Harvesting Applications looks at materials engineering, characterization and design aspects of mechanical energy harvesting devices for superior performance. Tapping into electrical energy from various mechanical stimuli, such as stress, elongation, tension and vibration has been getting substantial research attention, however, there are many challenges associated with the development energy harvesters with efficient conversion capabilities. This title consolidates a broad spectrum of material engineering and devices design research into one resource and will be an invaluable reference for those working in this field.

Nanocellulose is a versatile material that has received much attention from scientists working in a broad range of application fields, such as automotive, composites, adsorbents, paints, coatings, medical implants, electronics, cosmetics, pulp and paper, tissue engineering, medical, packaging, and aerogels. Industrial Applications of Nanocellulose and Its Nanocomposites provides an extensive, up-to-date review of this fast-moving research field. The chapters cover a wide range of aspects, including synthesis, surface modification, and improvement of properties toward target applications. The main objectives of the book are to reflect on recent advancements in the design and fabrication of advanced nanocellulose and discuss important requirements for each application, as well as the challenges that might be faced. The book also includes an overview of the current economic perspectives and safety issues, as well as future directions for nanocellulose-based materials. It will serve as a valuable reference resource for academic and industrial researchers, environmental chemists, nanotechnologists, chemical engineers, polymer chemists, materials scientists, and all those working in the manufacturing industries.

Machinery and Energy Systems for the Hydrogen Economy covers all major machinery and heat engine types, designs and requirements for the hydrogen economy, from production through storage, distribution and consumption. Topics such as hydrogen in pipeline transport, for energy storage, and as a power plant fuel are covered in detail. Hydrogen machinery applications, their selection criteria, economics, safety aspects and operational limitations in different sectors of the hydrogen economy are also discussed. Although the book covers the hydrogen economy as a whole, its primary focus is on machinery and heat engine design and implementation within various production, transport, storage and usage applications. An invaluable resource for industry, academia and government, this book provides engineers, scientists and technical leaders with the knowledge they need to design and build the infrastructure of a hydrogen economy.

Medical Textiles from Natural Resources provides systematic and comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals, production methods, processing techniques, characterization techniques, properties and applications of medical textile materials from natural resources. Medical textiles offer a variety of technical and functional properties valued in medical and healthcare sectors, often relating to hygiene. As medical textile products remain in close contact with the human body, the fibre must have characteristics such as biological compatibility, biological degradability, permeability and nontoxicity. Only materials from natural renewable sources have such characteristics. This book provides the latest information on a wide range of medical applications, from single suture and wound dressings, to implants and tissue scaffolds. It also offers a systematic review of the manufacture, properties and applications of technical textiles for medical use.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries provide an alternative to lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries and are showing promise for providing much higher energy densities. Systems utilizing Li-S batteries are presently under development and early stages of commercialization. This technology is being developed in order to provide higher, safer levels of energy at significantly lower costs. Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Advances in High-Energy Density Batteries addresses various aspects of the current research in the field of sulfur cathodes and lithium metal anode including abundance, system voltage, and capacity. In addition, it provides insights into the basic challenges faced by the system. The book includes novel strategies to prevent polysulfide dissolution in sulfur-based systems while also exploring new materials systems as anodes preventing dendrite formation in Li metal anodes.

There have been many new developments since the first edition of this book was published back in 2015. These can be summarized as follows: integration of multiple properties into self-healing polymer materials, such as the shape memory effect and flame retardancy; beyond self-healing and the development of recyclable thermoset polymers; and the application of self-healing polymers in both 3D and 4D printing. Recent Advances in Smart Self-healing Polymers and Composites, Second Edition provides a comprehensive introduction to the fascinating field of smart self-healing polymers and composites. All chapters are brought fully-up-to-date with the addition of six brand new contributions on the characterization of self-healing polymers, light-triggered self-healing, additive manufacturing, multifunctional thermoset polymers with self-healing ability, and recyclable thermoset polymers and 4D printing. It is written for a large readership including not only R&D researchers from diverse backgrounds such as chemistry, materials science, aerospace, physics, and biological science, but also for graduate student working on self-healing technologies as well as their newly developed applications.

Semiconductor Memories and Systems provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of semiconductor memory at the technology and system levels. After an introduction on market trends and memory applications, the book focuses on mainstream technologies, illustrating their current status, challenges and opportunities, with special attention paid to scalability paths. Technologies discussed include static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), non-volatile memory (NVM), and NAND flash memory. Embedded memory and requirements and system level needs for storage class memory are also addressed. Each chapter covers physical operating mechanisms, fabrication technologies, and the main challenges to scalability. Finally, the work reviews the emerging trends for storage class memory, mainly focusing on the advantages and opportunities of phase change based memory technologies.

Plasma technology can facilitate the fabrication of nanomaterials and nanoscale structures. On the other hand, nanotechnology could be possibly used in plasma science. Several advanced nanomaterials and nanodevices could be used to fabricate nanoplasma (nanoscale plasma), such as nanoelectrodes, nanoantennae, nanolasers, nanoreactors, nanomagnets, nanosensors, nanobatteries, nanogenerator and supercapacitors. This book provides information on fundamental design concepts and promising applications of nanoplasma. It explains how, for the next generation of electronic devices with high data rate communications, a high-speed operation of electronic switches could be attained using nanoplasma. Similarly, in the field of heath and aesthetics, nanoplasma can be used as a non-surgical localized treatments for the face and neck, such as eyelid correction. In addition, various kinds of advanced nanostructures can be fabricated using the plasma technology