Fundamentals of Sensor Technology: Principles and Novel Designs presents an important reference on the materials, platforms, characterization and fabrication methods used in the development of chemical sensor technologies. Sections provide the historical context of sensor technology development, review principles for the design of sensing devices and circuits, delve into the most common chemical and biological sensor types, cover unique properties and performance requirements, discuss fabrication techniques, including defining critical parameters, modeling and simulation strategies, and present important materials categories used in sensing applications, such as nanomaterials, quantum dots, magnetic materials, and more. This book is appropriate for the interdisciplinary community of researchers and practitioners interested in the development of sensor technologies, including materials scientists and engineers, analytical chemists and other related disciplines.

Thermally Conductive Polymer Composites provides an important introduction to the key principles, methods, and research directions of this emerging thermal management material category. This book introduces thermal conduction, measurement methods, thermal conduction mechanisms, and related theories. It also reviews classification and processing techniques which impact thermal conductivity performance. Thermally conductive composites discussed include intrinsically thermally conductive polymers, thermally conductive fillers, and thermally conductive polymer composites. Furthermore, the interfacial thermal resistance is thoroughly explained including basic concepts, theoretical research, and characterization. Finally, the practical applications of thermally conductive polymer composites are illustrated such as thermally conductive plastics, thermally conductive rubbers, and thermally conductive adhesives.

Sustainable Hydrogels: Synthesis, Properties and Applications highlights the development of sustainable hydrogels from various perspectives and covers a range of topics, including the development and utilization of abundant and/or inexpensive biorenewable monomers to create hydrogels; the mimicry of variable properties inherent to successful commercial hydrogels; and the creation of bio-based hydrogels that are functional equivalents of fossil fuel-derived hydrogels with respect to their properties, yet are capable of benign degradation over much shorter timescales. Some of the challenges facing sustainable polymer chemistry are also discussed.

Smart Multifunctional Nano-inks: Fundamentals and Emerging Applications covers nano-inks and how they can be used in inkjet printers for printing complex circuitry on flexible substrates or as a paste for 3D printers. Microstructures can be 3D-printed using nano-inks in a combination of high-resolution plasma printing and subsequent rotogravure printing. In addition, smart multifunctional nano-inks are not only required for the electronic, but also in other applications, such as for secure inks, for currency, and in immigration documents. This book focuses on fundamental design concepts, promising applications, and future challenges of nano-inks in various areas, such as optoelectronics, energy, security and biomedical fields. The current challenge for the successful industrial application of nano-inks is in the preparation of a stable dispersion of advanced materials for nano-inks. The functionalization, synthesizing, and theoretical modeling provide the solution for most of the current issues, but there are still remaining challenges which are covered in this comprehensive resource.

Phosphor Handbook: Process, Properties and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in research on the synthesis, characterization and applications of organic and inorganic phosphors. There is detailed information presented on the characterization of the relevant phosphor groups, such as up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors, inorganic LED phosphors, organic LED phosphors and thermoluminescence and dosimetric phosphors using various physical and chemical advances. Finally, the advances in phosphor technologies are discussed, including current barriers to their use in commercial applications and emerging opportunities. This book is suitable for researchers and practitioners in academia and those working in R&D in industry in the disciplines of materials science and engineering, materials chemistry, materials physics, photonics science and technology, nanotechnology and physical chemistry.

Thermal Barrier Coatings, Second Edition plays a critical role in counteracting the effects of corrosion and degradation of exposed materials in high-temperature environments such as gas turbine and aero-engines. This updated edition reviews recent advances in the processing and performance of thermal barrier coatings, as well as their failure mechanisms. Novel technologies for the manufacturing of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) such as plasma spray-physical vapor deposition and suspension plasma spray, are covered, as well as severe degradation of TBCs caused by CMAS attack. In addition to discussions of new materials and technologies, an outlook about next generation TBCs, including T/EBCs is discussed. This edition will provide the fundamental science and engineering of thermal barrier coatings for researchers in the field of TBCs, as well as students looking for a tutorial.

Nanotechnology-Based E-Noses: Fundamentals and Emerging Applications reviews advances in nanomaterials and their modification for use in e-sensors. Theoretical understanding of nanomaterials and technologies for improving sensors with better detection limits are covered, as are the most relevant nanomaterials, their synthesis strategies and the relationship between properties and device performance. Current state-of-the-art progress in nanotechnology device fabrication, along with directions for future applications and challenges are also discussed. This book will be an ideal resource for materials scientists, engineers, chemists, researchers in academia and R&D in industry. Recently, "e-noses" or "electronic sensors" are emerging as advanced technologies for the fast detection of chemicals, gases and explosives. The concept behind the "e-nose" is similar to the capability of humans and dogs in detecting materials based on odors. Nanomaterials can be used for e-nose technologies but their properties must be modified to make them effective sensors. The sensing capability and performance these materials depend on several factors such as morphology, dopants, micro-additives, design of sensors, phase and structure of the nanomaterials.

Damping in Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials starts with an introduction to the basic concepts of damping in composite materials. Methods of modeling damping are then covered, along with recent developments in measuring techniques, both local, like polar scanning and global techniques like the Resonalyser method (based on measuring modal damping ratios of composite material plates). The effect of other factors, such as stress, strain-level, stiffness and frequency that need to be considered when determining damping behavior in composite materials are also discussed in detail. Other chapters present a parametric study of a two-phase composite material using different micromechanical models such as Unified micromechanics, and Hashin and Eshelby's to predict elastic moduli and loss factors. A bridging model that incorporates the effect of fiber packaging factors is then compared to FEM results. Final sections cover the effect of the interphase on the mechanical properties of the composite, present a nonlinear model for the prediction of damping in viscoelastic materials, and provide practical examples of damping and principles of vibration control.

Advances in Electronic Materials for Clean Energy Conversion and Storage Applications reviews green synthesis and fabrication techniques of various electronic materials and their derivatives for applications in photovoltaics. The book investigates recent advances, progress and issues of photovoltaic-based research, including organic, hybrid, dye-sensitized, polymer, and quantum dot-based solar cells. There is a focus on applications for clean energy and storage in the book. Clean energy is defined as energy derived from renewable resources or zero-emission sources and natural processes that are regenerative and sustainable resources such as biomass, geothermal energy, hydropower, solar and wind energy. Materials discussed include nanomaterials, nanocomposites, polymers, and polymer-composites. Advances in clean energy conversion and energy storage devices are also reviewed thoroughly based on recent research and developments such as supercapacitors, batteries etc. Reliable methods to characterize and analyze these materials systems and devices are emphasized throughout the book. Important information on synthesis and analytical chemistry of these important systems are reviewed, but also material science methods to investigate optical properties of carbon-nanomaterials, metal oxide nanomaterials and their nanocomposites.

Handbook of Adhesion Promoters, Second Edition outlines known mechanisms, principles of use, and the applications of different groups of adhesion promoters, along with a discussion of the mechanisms that cause adhesion loss, such as corrosion, delamination, detachment, liquid penetration and peeling. Surface condition and treatment are also discussed, including different methods (cleaning, mechanical, plasma, microwave, flame, corona discharge, laser, UV, and chemical modification) for practical applications. Formulation of typical primers used in the application of adhesives, sealants, coatings, coil coatings, cosmetics, metal, optical devices, polymers and plastics are covered, with over 50 primer formulations provided. In addition, a full chapter is dedicated to the subject of polymer modification for improved adhesion, a method frequently used instead of the addition of adhesion promoters. The book's final chapters contain information on available evaluation and selection of adhesion promoters that work with different polymers (29), products (28), and those that help to prevent corrosion.

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Green Solvents and Extraction Technology provides information on the use of green solvents and their applications in the synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs, energy conversion and storage, catalysis, biodiesel synthesis, multicomponent reactions, waste valorization, and more. The book features introductory chapters related to the applications of green solvents and related extraction technology for sustainable development, including research trends, technical development, environment issues, and related concerns. The book provides examples covering the extraction of nanocellulose (from agricultural wastes), polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, antioxidants (from vegetables), biomolecules and green solvents (from biomass and precious metals).

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Natural Materials-Based Green Composites 2: Biomass deals with using biomass in the preparation of green composites and focuses on biomass from agro-industrial waste, geopolymers, natural gums, plants, green algae, etc. The book covers applications in allied areas such as energy and environment that process fuels and chemicals, wastewater treatment, coatings and catalysis. The book deals with a broad range of material types, including natural fiber reinforced polymer composites, particulate composites, fiberboard, wood fiber composites, and plywood composites that utilize natural, renewable, and biodegradable agricultural biomass.The book complements Natural Materials-based Green Composites 1: Plant Fibers that includes introductory information and various innovative applications of most important plant fiber-based materials such as wood fibers, vegetable fibers, jute fibers, stalk fibers, and hemp fibers.

This edited book is a compilation of scholarly articles on the latest developments in the field of additive manufacturing, discussing nature-inspired and artificial intelligence-aided additive manufactured processes for different materials including biomanufacturing, and their applications, as well as various methods to enhance the characteristics of the materials produced, the efficiency of the manufacturing process itself, as well as optimal ways to develop a product in minimum time. The book explores the advancements in additive manufacturing from prefabrication stage to final product, with real-time defect detection, control, and process efficiency improvement covered. This book will be a great resource for engineers, researchers, and academics involved in this revolutionary and unique field of manufacturing.

Quantum dots: Emerging materials for versatile applications is an introduction to the fundamentals and important advances of research of this important category of semiconductor nanostructured materials. After a brief review of relevant nanotechnology concepts and the unique properties of nanomaterials, the book describes the fundamentals of quantum dots with definitions of the primary classifications of quantum dots. There is an emphasis on practical considerations of the commercial translation of quantum dots such as their toxicity, stability, and disposal. Moreover, the book focuses on a review of the advances in research in emerging quantum dot materials along with the latest innovations in materials design and fabrication methods. Quantum Dots is suitable for materials scientists and engineers in academia or industry R&D who are looking for an introduction to this research topic or a key reference on the latest advances and applications.

Design and Fabrication of Large Polymer Constructions in Space is a ground-breaking study of the polymeric materials, advanced chemical processes, and cutting-edge technology required in the construction of large polymer-based structures for space, when all steps in the process are carried out in the space environment, whether in orbit, in deep space, or on the surface of a moon, asteroid, or planet. The book begins by introducing the fundamentals and requirements of large constructions and inflatable structures for space. The next section of the book focuses on the utilization of polymeric materials within the space environment, examining the effects on materials (vacuum, plasma, temperature), the possible approaches to polymerization both in space and in orbit, the preparation and structure of polymer composites, and the methods for testing materials and structures in terms of strength, defects, and aging. Three chapters then cover how these materials and techniques might be applied to specific categories of construction, including larger space habitats, supporting space structures, and ground infrastructure. Finally, the financial aspects, the consequences for human space exploitation, and the possible future developments are discussed. Using materials science to push the boundaries of construction for space exploration and exploitation, this book is a unique resource for academic researchers and advanced students across polymer science, advanced materials, chemical engineering, construction, and space engineering, as well as for researchers, scientists and engineers at space agencies, companies and laboratories, involved in developing materials or technology for use in space. This is also of great interest to anyone interested in the role of materials science in the building of large space stations, spacecraft, planetary bases, large aperture antenna, radiation and thermal shields, and repairmen sets.

Handbook of Plasticizers, Fourth Edition provides a comprehensive review of the current literature as well as cutting-edge details on plasticizers obtained from renewable resources. The book specifies the typical properties of plasticizers belonging to one of thirty-one groups, including expected properties in a given group. The mechanisms of plasticizers, plasticization production steps, and their material behavior in plasticized systems are outlined, along with theoretical background to help readers understand practical observations and methods of material improvement. Other chapters cover the effects on the physical and mechanical properties of plasticized materials, their use in polymers, processing defects formation, and more. This is an essential professional reference, providing R&D scientists, production chemists, and engineers the information they need to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. In addition, the book shows readers how and where to use plasticizers more effectively.

Inorganic Chemistry in India, Volume 81, the latest release in the Advances in Inorganic Chemistry series, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics such as Water Oxidation and Oxygen Reduction Reactions: A Mechanistic Perspective, Redox Activity as a Tool for Bond Activations and Functionalizations, Heme/Cu-oxygen Intermediates of Amyloid beta Peptides associated with Alzheimer's Disease, N-Heterocyclic Silylene Coordinated Coinage Metal Complexes: An Itinerary of Their Utilities, Implications of strongly coupled catecholate-based anchoring functionality of a sensitizer dye molecule towards photoinduced electron transfer dynamics, and more. Additional sections cover Application of Ru(edta) complexes in biomimetic activation of small molecules: Kinetic and Mechanistic Impact, and more.

Carbon Nanomaterials and their Nanocomposite-Based Chemiresistive Gas Sensors: Applications, Fabrication and Commercialization sets out how carbon nanomaterials based chemiresistive gas sensor are made, and their applications at lab and industrial levels. The book focuses on major advances in the field of chemiresistive gas sensors in recent years and their potential applications in environmental monitoring and healthcare. Carbon Nanomaterials and their Nanocomposite-Based Chemiresistive Gas Sensors: Applications, Fabrication and Commercialization provides systematic and effective guidelines to the researchers as well as learners about sensor, their fabrication and applications. Chemiresistive sensors are widely used in automation of numerous industrial processes as well as for everyday monitoring of various activities as public safety, engine performance, medical therapeutics, and in many other situations hence the book will catch the attention of readers and motivate them for advanced research for the development of smart and efficient gas sensors. With full coverage of the state of the art in this active research field, the book will appeal to researchers in a broad range of disciplines, including nanotechnology, engineering, materials science, chemistry and physics.

The new ASM Handbook, Volume 11: Failure Analysis and Prevention is a valuable resource for failure analysts, engineers, and technical personnel who are looking to identify the root cause(s) of failures and to prevent future failures. The editors and hundreds of authors and peer reviewers worked tirelessly to revise Volume 11 from its 2002 and 1986 editions with the goal to provide the "go-to" reference for those confronted with the failure of a machine or component. Volume 11 contains divisions devoted to the practice of failure analysis, tools and techniques, fatigue and fracture, environmental and corrosion-related failures, wear failures, and distortion. The emphasis is on general principles with the widest applicability to situations that the reader is likely to encounter. For the specific considerations associated with common types of components, the companion ASM Handbook, Volume 11A: Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures, is scheduled for publication in 2021.

Nano-scale materials have unique electronic, optical, and chemical properties that make them attractive for a new generation of devices. In the second edition of Modeling, Characterization, and Production of Nanomaterials: Electronics, Photonics, and Energy Applications, leading experts review the latest advances in research in the understanding, prediction, and methods of production of current and emerging nanomaterials for key applications. The chapters in the first half of the book cover applications of different modeling techniques, such as Green's function-based multiscale modeling and density functional theory, to simulate nanomaterials and their structures, properties, and devices. The chapters in the second half describe the characterization of nanomaterials using advanced material characterization techniques, such as high-resolution electron microscopy, near-field scanning microwave microscopy, confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis of nanoparticles, and applications of nanomaterials in areas such as electronics, solar energy, catalysis, and sensing. The second edition includes emerging relevant nanomaterials, applications, and updated modeling and characterization techniques and new understanding of nanomaterials.

Modern Ion Plating Technology: Fundamentals and Applications discusses the fundamental concepts of plasma physics in various coating technologies and explores its development and implementation into new technologies. Recent progress of technologies and products via ion plating will be introduced. The book begins with the treatment of vacuum physics, through plasma physics. It then presents the various forms of ion plating, before concluding with a section presenting examples of applications where ion plating is employed. Through the material presented in this book, the reader gains an understanding of the importance of ion plating technology to human progress and its various potential applications. Under the guidance of plasma physics knowledge, how to use electric and electromagnetic fields to control the space plasma will be critical to the development of new technology and systems.

Smart Nanomaterials for Bioencapsulation focuses on the fundamentals, synthesis methods and matrix design for the encapsulation of drugs, drug release, food and nutraceuticals, mechanisms of nano- encapsulated drugs on liposomes, micelles, silica composites, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, and protein inorganic nanohybrids. Providing detailed information on the encapsulation of food and drug derivatives, the book helps create new and modern approaches for both pharmaceutical and nutritional science. The target delivery of pharmacological agents, as well as food additives under various conditions is covered, including sections on systemic release of drug molecules, minimum loss at non-target sites, the accumulation of diseased tissue or organs, and more. Smart nanomaterial-based nanocarriers protect the loaded molecules from premature degradation in the biological environment and enhance bioavailability for cellular uptake. The tuned properties of smart nanomaterials, such as porosity, pore-volume, surface area-to-volume ratio, coating with inert and labile materials, and more help determine the in vivo performance of the bioencapsulated food and drug derivatives.