Databook of Plasticizers, Third Edition contains data on more than 300 of the most important generic and commercial plasticizers in use today. The data comes from a range of sources beyond plasticizers manufacturers, allowing for a detailed comparison of properties of different plasticizers. Over 100 different data fields are provided, from general information, such as molecular structure and formula, to physical properties, health and safety information, ecological properties, and recommendations regarding appropriate use and performance of each plasticizer. This data book is an essential resource for engineers, technicians and materials scientists responsible for specifying a plasticizer. The book has been updated to reflect the recent changes in plasticizer approvals for production of various materials, including chloroparaffins, refined oil derivatives, and phalates, and also includes data details on a range of new plasticizers that have recently gained market approval. It serves as an ideal companion to the Handbook of Plasticizers.

Databook of Polymer Processing Additives provides key information on the properties of polymer processing additives, covering their general information, physical properties, health and safety considerations, ecological properties, and use and performance details. Acid scavengers, air release, anticaking, antigassing, anti-gelling, anti-settling, hydrolysis stabilizers, moisture scavengers, and more are all covered, providing readers with key data aiding in the proper selection of these additives. The book is an excellent companion to the Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives.

Handbook of Polymer Processing Additives provides insights on the selection of additives, their performance mechanisms, essential application properties, and a complete analysis of related literature and patents. Acid scavengers, air release, anticaking, antigassing, anti-gelling, anti-settling, hydrolysis stabilizers, and moisture scavengers are each covered. Information on the use of additives in various products is divided into sections on types, concentrations, usage, advantages and disadvantages, effects on product properties, and examples of formulation. Processing methods are similarly divided into sections on types and concentrations, effects on the process, effect on product properties, advantages and disadvantages, and examples of formulation. All essential aspects of chemistry, physical properties, influence on properties of final products, formulations, methods of incorporation, analysis and effects on health and environment are considered. The book is an excellent companion to the Databook of Polymer Processing Additives.

Databook of Adhesion Promoters, Second Edition contains data on the most important adhesion promoter products in use today. Information on each adhesion promoter is divided into five sections: General Information, Physical Properties, Health and Safety, Ecological Properties, and Use and Performance. The previous edition of this book was mostly related to silanes, but many new additives have been introduced to the market, many not based on silanes but on one of 37 chemical groups of chemical compounds needed for a variety of products in which silanes do not function, are too expensive, or better performance can be achieved with these new additives. The years that have passed since publication of the first edition have also had a significant impact on sourcing and selection of adhesion promoters for different tasks. Due to mergers and acquisitions, many additives are no longer in use. Because of scientific developments, more products are based on renewable resources and selected from less toxic origins. There is also a clear tendency to limit the scope of application which can lead to many products being designed for specialized, frequently single product applications.

Databook of Surface Modification Additives, Second Edition contains data on 10 groups of additives, including anti-scratch and mar-preventing additives, additives for surface tension reduction and wetting, hydrophobization additives, gloss enhancement and surface matting additives, additives for formation of tack-free surface and tackifiers, and stain inhibiting additives. The information on each is divided into five sections, including General Information, Physical- chemical Properties, Health and Safety, Ecological Properties and Use and Performance. This data is provided for approximately 360 of the most important surface modification additives produced and used today. This databook will be an extremely useful resource for engineers, researchers and technicians interested in using additives to modify and improve the surface properties of materials.

Functional Fillers: Chemical Composition, Morphology, Performance, Applications, Second Edition covers the structure, physical properties, electrical and magnetic properties, and applications of fillers. The book includes two sections, with the first part covering classic fillers, analyzing the current modifications in relation to composition and morphology, and enabling enhancements in properties and applications. The second part presents the new generation of fillers, which provide designers with exceptional properties not previously available. Applications discussed include lubricants, anti-corrosion, antimicrobial, and more. Renewable fillers and recycling of fillers are covered as well.

Handbook of Adhesion Promoters, Second Edition outlines known mechanisms, principles of use, and the applications of different groups of adhesion promoters, along with a discussion of the mechanisms that cause adhesion loss, such as corrosion, delamination, detachment, liquid penetration and peeling. Surface condition and treatment are also discussed, including different methods (cleaning, mechanical, plasma, microwave, flame, corona discharge, laser, UV, and chemical modification) for practical applications. Formulation of typical primers used in the application of adhesives, sealants, coatings, coil coatings, cosmetics, metal, optical devices, polymers and plastics are covered, with over 50 primer formulations provided. In addition, a full chapter is dedicated to the subject of polymer modification for improved adhesion, a method frequently used instead of the addition of adhesion promoters. The book's final chapters contain information on available evaluation and selection of adhesion promoters that work with different polymers (29), products (28), and those that help to prevent corrosion.

Handbook of Odors in Plastic Materials, Third Edition analyzes the reasons behind unwanted odor formation and outlines methods for prevention. This new edition contains a thorough review of the most recent data, achievements and information in this less known but very significant field of polymer modification. The book covers the fundamentals of odor formation and its transport within a material, the relationship between odor and toxicity, and various methods of odor removal and unwanted odor formation. Three chapters are devoted to the analysis of odor-related matters in different polymers, products and methods of processing. Dozens of polymers and product groups are analyzed, and the book also discusses regulations related to odor in products, effects of odor on health and safety, the effect of odors from plastic materials on indoor air quality, information on testing of odor changes, as well as a selection of raw materials for fog-free products.

Handbook of Plasticizers, Fourth Edition provides a comprehensive review of the current literature as well as cutting-edge details on plasticizers obtained from renewable resources. The book specifies the typical properties of plasticizers belonging to one of thirty-one groups, including expected properties in a given group. The mechanisms of plasticizers, plasticization production steps, and their material behavior in plasticized systems are outlined, along with theoretical background to help readers understand practical observations and methods of material improvement. Other chapters cover the effects on the physical and mechanical properties of plasticized materials, their use in polymers, processing defects formation, and more. This is an essential professional reference, providing R&D scientists, production chemists, and engineers the information they need to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. In addition, the book shows readers how and where to use plasticizers more effectively.

Handbook of Surface Improvement and Modification, Second Edition covers additives and the modification processes that determine the surface properties of many materials. These additives can modify or improve scratch and mar resistance, improve gloss or flatten the surface, increase or decrease tack and inhibit staining. Mechanisms of damage, protection and property improvements are also discussed, making this an essential handbook for engineers, researchers and technicians interested in using additives to modify and improve the surface properties of materials. A companion book, Databook of Surface Modification and Additives, is also available with more information on the additives commercially available to improve materials.

Sulfur: History, Technology, Applications and Industry, Third Edition focuses on methods of production and their applications during various stages of industrial and technological use. Commercial sulfuric acid production from the early 16th century until today is reviewed, spanning the Ancient and Renaissance periods, the Industrial Age (to which sulfur was vitally important), and the Sulfur War of 1840. The book introduces "the Sulfur Age" and the processes of this period- such as the Nordhausen, Bell, and Leblanc methods- then goes onto review native sulfur production in Sicily, once a major supplier to the world. The "Frasch method" is also covered in detail. Moving to present day, the book presents "recovered" sulfur derived from sour gas and oil which constitutes 90% of today's elemental sulfur supply, and looks to Canada, a powerhouse supplier of recovered sulfur. An entire chapter is devoted to modern-day sulfur entrepreneurs, with a profile of various investors (from the reluctant to the private and institutional). Finally, the book forecasts the sulfur industry's future and potential supply sources, such as worldwide oil sands.

Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Structures, Second Edition covers the corrosion of steel reinforced concrete, along with a variety of new topics and future trends. Sections discuss the theoretical concepts of corrosion of steel in concrete structures, analyze the variety of reinforcing materials and concrete, including stainless steel and galvanized steel, cover measurements and evaluations, such as electrochemical techniques and acoustic emission, review protection and maintenance methods, and analyze modeling. Topics covered include the steel/concrete interface, the influence of steel microstructure on its corrosion in concrete, data collection and analysis on chloride-induced corrosion, corrosion detection devices, and new advances.

Nanomedicine: Technologies and Applications, Second Edition provides an important review of this exciting technology and its growing range of applications. In this new edition, all chapters are thoroughly updated and revised, with new content on antibacterial technologies and green nanomedicine. Sections introduce the material, cover their properties, review nanomedicine for therapeutics, imaging and soft tissue engineering, including organ regeneration, skin grafts, nanotubes and self-assembled nanomaterials. Other sections cover bone and cartilage tissue engineering, nanostructured particles for antibacterial purposes, advances in green nanomedicine, and using natural nanomedicine to fight disease. This book is an indispensable guide for all those involved in the research, development and application of this exciting technology, whilst also providing a comprehensive introduction for students and academics interested in this field.

Graphene Based Biomolecular Electronic Devices outlines the fundamental concepts related to graphene and electronics, along with a description of various advanced and emerging applications of graphene-based bioelectronics. The book includes coverage of biosensors, energy storage devices such as biofuel cells, stretchable and flexible electronics, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and 3D printed graphene in bioelectronics. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, it explores the synergy produced due to charge transfer between biomolecules and graphene and will help the reader understand the promising bioelectronic applications of graphene-based devices. Graphene has applications in semiconductor electronics, replacing the use of traditional silicon-based devices due to its semi-metallic nature and tuneable energy band gap properties. The tuning of electron transfer with redox properties of biomolecules could potentially lead to the development of miniaturized bioelectronic devices. Thus, graphene, with its unique sensing characteristics, has emerged as an attractive material to produce biomolecular electronic devices.

The Electrocaloric Effect: Materials and Applications reviews the fundamentals of the electrocaloric effect, the most relevant electrocaloric materials, and electrocaloric measurements and device applications. The book introduces the electrocaloric effect, along with modeling and simulations of this effect. Then, it addresses the latest advances in synthesis, characterization and optimization of the most relevant electrocaloric materials, including ferroelectric materials, liquid materials, lead-free materials, polymers and composites. Finally, there is a review of the latest techniques in measurement and applications in refrigeration and cooling and a discussion of the advantages, challenges and perspectives of the future of electrocaloric refrigeration.

Every bit of information that circulates the internet across the globe is a pulse of light, that at some point will need to be converted to an electric signal in order to be processed by the electronic circuitry in our data centers, computers, and cell phones. Photodetectors (PD's) perform this conversion with ultra high speed and efficiency, in addition to being ubiquitously present in many other devices ranging from the mundane TV remote controls, to ultra high resolution instrumentation used in Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) that reach the edge of the universe and measure gravitational waves. The second edition of "Photodetectors" fully updates the popular first edition with updated information covering the state-of-the-art in modern photodetectors. The 2nd edition starts with basic metrology of photodetectors and common figures-of-merit to compare various devices. It follows with chapters that discuss single-photon detection with Avalanche Photodiodes; organic photodetectors that can be inkjet printed; and silicon-germanium PDs popular in burgeoning field of Silicon Photonics. Internationally recognized experts contribute chapters on one-dimensional, nanowire, PDs as well as high speed zero-dimensional, quantum dot, versions that increase the spectral span as well as speed and sensitivity of PDs and can be produced on various substrates. Solar-blind PDs that operate in harsh environments such as deep space, or rocket engines, are reviewed and new devices in GaN technology . Novel Plasmonic PDs, as well as devices which employ micro-plasma of confined charge in order to make devices that overcome speed limitation of transfer of electronic charge, are covered in other chapters. Using different, novel technologies, CMOS compatible devices are described in two chapters, and ultra high speed PDs that use low-temperature-grown GaAs (LT-GaAs) to detect fast THz signals are reviewed in another chapter. Photodetectors used in application areas of Silicon-Photonics and Microwave-Photonics are reviewed in final chapters of this book. All chapters are of a review nature, providing a perspective of the field before concentrating on particular advancements. As such, the book should appeal to a wide audience that ranges from those with general interest in the topic, to practitioners, graduate students and experts who are interested in the state-of-the-art in photodetection.

Graphene Quantum Dots: Biomedical and Environmental Sustainability Applications provides an overview of fundamentals and advances in applications of graphene quantum dots. Concepts covered include a brief introduction on the topic, an overview of structure and chemistry, fundamental properties of different characterization techniques, methods for the preparation of graphene quantum dots, and recent and emerging applications in various fields including antimicrobial therapy, bioimaging, biomedical tools development and clean energy for environmental sustainability. The book is a critical resource in materials selection for biomedical and environmental sustainability applications as well as various advanced imaging, disinfectant and environmental remediation technologies. As such, it is suitable for those in academia working in the discipline of materials science and engineering and practitioners working on biomedical tool development and environmental remediation.

Circularity of Plastics: Sustainability, Emerging Materials, and Valorization of Waste Plastic takes an innovative, interdisciplinary approach to circularity and sustainability in plastics, with an emphasis on plastic waste and end-of-life treatment and options for recycling, re-use, valorization and development of biomass-based polymers. The book introduces key concepts of sustainable materials, the circular economy, and lifecycle assessment, and discusses challenges in the valorization of waste. Other sections cover the upcycling of waste plastic into new materials and fuels, with dedicated chapters exploring state-of-the-art techniques for conversion to new sustainable polymers, fuel, fine chemicals and carbon nanomaterials. Emerging technologies used to produce functional polymers from renewable feedstocks, including CO2, biomass, natural polymers, polylactic acid (PLA), and polyhydroxyalkanoate-based materials (PHAs) are then explored, with a final chapter focusing on applications of sustainable materials, challenges, and future perspectives. This is a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, engineers, R&D professionals, and advanced students from a range of disciplines and backgrounds, with an interest in sustainable materials, circularity in plastics, and polymer waste and valorization.

The Science and Technology of Cement and other Hydraulic Binders covers the design of Portland Cement composition using the ideas and formulae of earlier scientists, including the calculation of proportions of different cement phases formed during processing. Other chapters cover cement manufacture by dry, semi-dry or wet processes using rotary and shaft kilns. Particular attention is given to the physical changes that occur in the raw mix when affected by chemical processes. The chemistry of clinker formation which is concerned chiefly with high temperature reactions in the solid-state phase or reactions in the presence of the liquid phase is also discussed. Users will find the latest information on the storage of cement, its packing and handling, hydration and setting, Gypsum, different mineral additions, and advances in special and newer cements, including blended cements, Portland slag cement, Pozzolanic cements, high alumina cements, high-strength cement-based materials, fiber-reinforced cement, non-Portland cements and lime.

Biomedical Applications of Green Composites reviews the use of green composite materials in drug delivery, with a focus on capsules, resins and ceramides in biomedical fields. Chapters present green composites of polymeric origin and targeted delivery of drugs into various parts of the human body. Other sections in the book cover topics related to the applications of green composites in areas such as antimicrobial agents, pathogen control, surgical applications, dentistry and cancer therapy.

Fabrication and Functionalization of Advanced Tubular Nanofibers and their Applications describes the synthesis, preparation and characterization of carbon-based tubular nanofibers and their applications in environmental protection and new energy sources. The book explores novel strategies for the preparation of carbon tubular nanofibers and explains how they have been used to great effect in a range of applications, including energy and healthcare. The processing-structure-property relationship in functional inorganic/organic materials is examined at the nano-level, explaining where interesting electronic, magnetic, optical, mechanical or catalytic and therapeutic properties are derived. Covering everything from the basics to their use in practice, including the synthetic procedure and characterization, this book is the perfect guide for anyone interested in the design of nanomaterials for advanced applications. Nanomaterial science is a relatively young and rapidly developing discipline that includes aspects of physics, chemistry and biology and is finding applications in some of mankind's greatest current challenges.

Gold and Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications provides detailed information on the preparation and utilization of Au- and Ag-based nanoparticles in a range of novel areas. Gold and silver nanoparticles offer a range of interesting properties, including unique size-dependent optoelectronic properties, chemical stability and biocompatibility, ease of synthesis and surface modification, excellent resistance to corrosion, and catalytic properties, hence paving the way to a wide range of cutting-edge applications with continual advances and innovations. Sections introduce gold and silver nanoparticles, fundamental theory, synthesis, and characterization techniques before focusing on requirements and preparation methods. Specific applications areas, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), sensing and biosensing, imaging, drug and gene delivery, disease diagnosis, catalysis, and optoelectronic device fabrication are covered. Finally, synthesis and applications of platinum- and palladium-based nanoparticles are discussed. This is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students across nanoscience and nanotechnology, chemistry, and materials science, as well as scientists, engineers, and R&D professionals with an interest in noble metal nanomaterials for a range of industrial applications.

Thermal Barrier Coatings, Second Edition plays a critical role in counteracting the effects of corrosion and degradation of exposed materials in high-temperature environments such as gas turbine and aero-engines. This updated edition reviews recent advances in the processing and performance of thermal barrier coatings, as well as their failure mechanisms. Novel technologies for the manufacturing of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) such as plasma spray-physical vapor deposition and suspension plasma spray, are covered, as well as severe degradation of TBCs caused by CMAS attack. In addition to discussions of new materials and technologies, an outlook about next generation TBCs, including T/EBCs is discussed. This edition will provide the fundamental science and engineering of thermal barrier coatings for researchers in the field of TBCs, as well as students looking for a tutorial.

Principles of Human Organs-on-Chips covers all aspects of microfluidic organ-on-a-chip systems, from fabrication to application and commercialization. Organ-on-a-chip models are created to mimic the structural, microenvironmental and physiological functions of human organs, providing the potential to bypass some cell and animal testing methods. This is a useful platform with widespread applications, frequently in drug screening and pathological studies. This book offers a comprehensive and authoritative reference on microfluidic organs-on-chips, spanning all key aspects from fabrication methods, cell culture systems and cell-based analysis, to dedicated chapters on specific tissue types and their associated organ-on-a-chip models, as well as their use as disease models, drug screening platforms and more. Principles of Human Organs-on-Chips helps materials scientists and biomedical engineers to better understand the specific requirements and challenges in the design and fabrication of organ-on-a-chip devices. This book also bridges the knowledge gap between medical device design and subsequent clinical applications, allowing medical professionals to easily learn about related engineering concepts and techniques.

Surface Modification and Functionalization of Ceramic Composites is intended for both experts and beginners, allowing them to have an extended overview of recent progress in the evolution of surface modification methods and functionalization for ceramic composites. The book provides a detailed summary of the various techniques that are currently available, along with an evaluation of the costs involved. Information on the relationship between surface properties and function is also discussed. There is also an additional section on commercial and industrial applications, including biomedical, sensing and energy. The book will be a valuable reference resource for researchers and an instructive and stimulating text for postgraduate students who want to enhance their knowledge on novel materials and surface modification and functionalization of ceramic composites.