The use of silver as an antibacterial agent has been known for thousands of years. This effect can be amplified by simply reducing the size of silver particles to the nanoscale, with an added advantage of reduction in cost and toxicity. Application of silver nanoparticles to textiles can bring considerable advantages, especially for materials that cannot be washed daily or medical support materials. This book describes a novel synthesis method that the author calls "in situ," in which these nanoparticles are obtained directly on materials. The method is simple and easy to apply and can also be considered green because the reducing agent involved is ascorbic acid, commonly known as vitamin C. It neither requires special modifications in the industrial equipment nor special pressure or temperature conditions. It can be used to grow other metals or metal oxides on a material. The book showcases studies carried out on silver nanoparticles by the author over several years, not only in terms of the synthesis but also the morphological characterization of the substrate to which they were applied. It exhibits SEM images displaying the homogeneity of the silver coating, highlighting that sometimes the simplest way is the best way.

Written by the department head of materials science and engineering at MIT, this concise and stringent introduction takes readers from the fundamental theory to in-depth knowledge.

It sets out with a theoretical scheme for the design of desirable periodic structures, then presents the experimental techniques that allow for fabrication of the periodic structure and exemplary experimental data. Subsequently, theory and numerical data are used to demonstrate how these periodic structures control the photonic, acoustic, and mechanical properties of materials, concluding with examples from these three important fields of applications.

The result is must-have knowledge for both beginners and veterans in the field.

A first on ultrafast phenomena in carbon nanostructures like graphene, the most promising candidate for revolutionizing information technology and communication The book introduces the reader into the ultrafast nanoworld of graphene and carbon nanotubes, including their microscopic tracks and unique optical finger prints. The author reviews the recent progress in this field by combining theoretical and experimental achievements. He offers a clear theoretical foundation by presenting transparently derived equations. Recent experimental breakthroughs are reviewed. By combining both theory and experiment as well as main results and detailed theoretical derivations, the book turns into an inevitable source for a wider audience from graduate students to researchers in physics, materials science, and electrical engineering who work on optoelectronic devices, renewable energies, or in the semiconductor industry.

'My favourite author has done it again. Numbers Don't Lie is by far his most accessible book to date, and I highly recommend it to anyone who is curious about the world. I unabashedly recommend this book to anyone who loves learning' Bill Gates Is flying dangerous? How much do the world's cows weigh? And what makes people happy? From Earth's nations and inhabitants, through the fuels and foods that energize them, to the transportation and inventions of our modern world - and how all of this affects the planet itself - in Numbers Don't Lie, Professor Vaclav Smil takes us on a fact-finding adventure, using surprising statistics and illuminating graphs to challenge lazy thinking. Smil is on a mission to make facts matter, because after all, numbers may not lie, but which truth do they convey? 'Smil's title says it all: to understand the world, you need to follow the trendlines, not the headlines. This is a compelling, fascinating, and most important, realistic portrait of the world and where it's going' Steven Pinker 'The best book to read to better understand our world. It should be on every bookshelf!' Linda Yueh 'There is perhaps no other academic who paints pictures with numbers like Smil' Guardian Vaclav Smil is Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of Manitoba. He is the author of over forty books on topics including energy, environmental and population change, food production and nutrition, technical innovation, risk assessment and public policy. No other living scientist has had more books (on a wide variety of topics) reviewed in Nature. A Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, in 2010 he was named by Foreign Policy as one of the Top 100 Global Thinkers. This is his first book for a more general readership.

A Practical Guide from Top-Level Industry Scientists As advanced teaching and training in the development of cementitious materials increase, the need has emerged for an up-to-date practical guide to the field suitable for graduate students and junior and general practitioners. Get the Best Use of Different Techniques and Interpretations of the Results This edited volume provides the cement science community with a state-of-the-art overview of analytical techniques used in cement chemistry to study the hydration and microstructure of cements. Each chapter focuses on a specific technique, not only describing the basic principles behind the technique, but also providing essential, practical details on its application to the study of cement hydration. Each chapter sets out present best practice, and draws attention to the limitations and potential experimental pitfalls of the technique. Databases that supply examples and that support the analysis and interpretation of the experimental results strengthen a very valuable ready reference. Utilizing the day-to-day experience of practical experts in the field, this book: Covers sample preparation issues Discusses commonly used techniques for identifying and quantifying the phases making up cementitious materials (X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis) Presents good practice oncalorimetry and chemical shrinkage methods for studying cement hydration kinetics Examines two different applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (solid state NMR and proton relaxometry) Takes a look at electron microscopy, the preeminent microstructural characterization technique for cementitious materials Explains how to use and interpret mercury intrusion porosimetry Details techniques for powder characterization of cementitious materials Outlines the practical application of phase diagrams for hydrated cements Avoid common pitfalls by using A Practical Guide to Microstructural Analysis of Cementitious Materials. A one-of-a-kind reference providing the do's and don'ts of cement chemistry, the book presents the latest research and development of characterisation techniques for cementitious materials, and serves as an invaluable resource for practicing professionals specializing in cement and concrete materials and other areas of cement and concrete technology.

Adopting a novel approach, this book provides a unique "molecular perspective" on plasmonics, concisely presenting the fundamentals and applications in a way suitable for beginners entering this hot field as well as for experienced researchers and practitioners.
It begins by introducing readers to the optical effects that occur at the nanoscale and particularly their modification in the presence of biomolecules, followed by a concise yet thorough overview of the different methods for the actual fabrication of nano-optical materials. Further chapters address the relevant nano-optics, as well as the various approaches to combining nanostructures and biomolecules to achieve certain desired functionalities for applications in the fields of probing, sensing and particle manipulation.
For analytical biologists, physical chemists, materials scientists and medicinal chemists.

Nanofluid Applications for Advanced Thermal Solutions brings together expert, global contributions, providing a comprehensive understanding of the heat transfer application of nanofluids in a variety of fields, while also explaining the main techniques used in nanofluid flow and heat transfer analysis. The book features basic information describing an introduction to heat transfer, nanofluid conduction, convection and nanofluid boiling for readers who may not have a thorough understanding of a variety of applications, including the energy storage component of solar PVT systems. It covers fundamental topics such as the analysis and measurement of thermophysical properties, convection, and heat transfer equipment performance. Other sections explore convective instabilities, nanofluids in porous media, and entropy generation in nanofluids. This book will be useful to upper undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students and researchers in the fields of nanotechnology and nanofluids looking at heat transfer processes in chemical engineering and the petroleum industry.

Over the years, many successful attempts have been chapters in this part describe the well-known processes made to describe the art and science of crystal growth, such as Czochralski, Kyropoulos, Bridgman, and o- and many review articles, monographs, symposium v- ing zone, and focus speci cally on recent advances in umes, and handbooks have been published to present improving these methodologies such as application of comprehensive reviews of the advances made in this magnetic elds, orientation of the growth axis, intro- eld. These publications are testament to the grow- duction of a pedestal, and shaped growth. They also ing interest in both bulk and thin- lm crystals because cover a wide range of materials from silicon and III-V of their electronic, optical, mechanical, microstructural, compounds to oxides and uorides. and other properties, and their diverse scienti c and The third part, Part C of the book, focuses on - technological applications. Indeed, most modern ad- lution growth. The various aspects of hydrothermal vances in semiconductor and optical devices would growth are discussed in two chapters, while three other not have been possible without the development of chapters present an overview of the nonlinear and laser many elemental, binary, ternary, and other compound crystals, KTP and KDP. The knowledge on the effect of crystals of varying properties and large sizes. The gravity on solution growth is presented through a c- literature devoted to basic understanding of growth parison of growth on Earth versus in a microgravity mechanisms, defect formation, and growth processes environment.

Provides exclusive material on refractories Discusses detailed descriptions of different shaped and unshaped refractories Uses phase diagrams for better understanding of concepts Explores details on testing and specifications including thermochemical and corrosion behaviour Includes a separate chapter on trends of refractories and other issues

The book series "Polymer Nano-, Micro- and Macrocomposites" provides complete and comprehensive information on all important aspects of polymer composite research and development, including, but not limited to synthesis, filler modification, modeling, characterization as well as application and commercialization issues. Each book focuses on a particular topic and gives a balanced in-depth overview of the respective subfield of polymer composite science and its relation to industrial applications. With the books the readers obtain dedicated resources with information relevant to their research, thereby helping to save time and money. Thermoset polymers are a class of materials with many superior properties than thermoplastic materials. Nanocomposites with a large variety of thermoset polymers have been explored and vast knowledge on the synthesis methodologies as well as properties has been generated. The goal of the book is to assimilate these research findings on the many thermoset polymer based nanocomposites systems comprehensively so as to generate better insights into the design, performance and optimization of thermoset nanocomposites.

Steel-reinforced concrete is used ubiquitously as a building material due to its unique combination of the high compressive strength of concrete and the high tensile strength of steel. Therefore, reinforced concrete is an ideal composite material that is used for a wide range of applications in structural engineering such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, harbor quays, foundations, tanks and pipes. To ensure durability of these structures, however, measures must be taken to prevent, diagnose and, if necessary, repair damage to the material especially due to corrosion of the steel reinforcement.
The book examines the different aspects of corrosion of steel in concrete, starting from basic and essential mechanisms of the phenomenon,
moving up to practical consequences for designers, contractors and owners both for new and existing reinforced and prestressed concrete
structures. It covers general aspects of corrosion and protection of reinforcement, forms of attack in the presence of carbonation and chlorides,
problems of hydrogen embrittlement as well as techniques of diagnosis, monitoring and repair. This second edition updates the contents with
recent findings on the different topics considered and bibliographic references, with particular attention to recent European standards. This
book is a self-contained treatment for civil and construction engineers, material scientists, advanced students and architects concerned with the design and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures. Readers will benefit from the knowledge, tools, and methods needed to understand corrosion in reinforced concrete and how to prevent it or keep it within acceptable limits.

An overview of the recent developments and prospects in this highly topical area, covering the synthesis, characterization, properties and applications of hierarchical nanostructured materials. The book concentrates on those materials relevant for research and development in the fields of energy, biomedicine and environmental protection, with a strong focus on 3D materials based on nanocarbons, mesoporous silicates, hydroxides, core-shell particles and helical nanostructures.
Thanks to its clear concept and application-oriented approach, this is an essential reference for experienced researchers and newcomers to the field alike.

Features • Presents an accessible introduction to the topic in addition to more advanced material for specialists in the field. • Covers a broad spectrum of topics this new field. • Contains exciting case studies and examples, such as quantum dots, bionanomaterials, and future perspectives.

Ferrite Nanostructured Magnetic Materials: Technologies and Applications provides detailed descriptions of the physical properties of ferrite nanoparticles and thin films. Synthesis methods and their applications in numerous fields are also included. And, since characterization methods play an important role in investigating the materials’ phenomena, various characterization tools applied to ferrite materials are also discussed. To meet the requirements of next-generation characterization tools in the field of ferrite research, synchrotron radiation-based spectroscopic and imaging tools are thoroughly explored. Finally, the book discusses current and emerging applications of ferrite nanostructured materials in industry, health, catalytic and environmental fields, making this comprehensive resource suitable for researchers and practitioners in the disciplines of materials science and engineering, chemistry and physics.

The European Young Chemist Award has now been awarded four times (2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012). The authors of the previous books based on the competition have become some of the leading scientists in Europe. These books truly provide a glimpse into the future research landscape of European chemistry. Fifteen top contributions have been selected for this single volume covering areas of chemistry and materials science. The broad range of themes is presented in an approachable and readable manner equally appropriate for non-specialists on the topic. The overview of intriguing topics includes chemical synthesis and advanced methodologies as well as materials, nanoscience and nanotechnologies.

This work fills the gap for a comprehensive reference conveying the developments in global optimization of atomic structures using genetic algorithms. Over the last few decades, such algorithms based on mimicking the processes of natural evolution have made their way from computer science disciplines to solid states physics and chemistry, where they have demonstrated their versatility and predictive power for many materials. Following an introduction and historical perspective, the text moves on to provide an in-depth description of the algorithm before describing its applications to crystal structure prediction, atomic clusters, surface and interface reconstructions, and quasi one-dimensional nanostructures. The final chapters provide a brief account of other methods for atomic structure optimization and perspectives on the future of the field.

Part I provides the essential classical and quantum laws on which the correlation between properties and structures of materials is explained. It covers the traditional engineering materials, metals and alloys, semiconductors, polymers, dielectrics, amorphous solids, superconductors and materials for magnetic, nuclear, space and laser applications. The recent discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNT) has led to nanotechnology and exciting applications in biology, medicine, textiles, energy, transportation and electronic devices. An update to this edition as Part II of the book is the physical description of CNT, the method of their production, the classical and quantum aspects of their properties and the way these differ from the three-dimensional materials discussed in Part I. The author accounts for the difference in properties like electrical and thermal conduction in copper and carbon nanotubes on models that differ due to dimensionality of the material.

The four year undergraduate course in Engineering is loaded with theoretical contents and the students hardly find enough time and opportunity to adequately grasp the physical and practical aspects of application of various engineering theories that are being taught. Therefore, certain practice-oriented knowledge inputs in these years may help them acquire and enhance proficiency in the industrial working systems and processes. This book attempts to provide certain practice-oriented knowledge inputs which may help young mechanical engineers who aspire to make a successful career in engineering goods manufacturing enterprises. The book seeks to provide a combination of Engineering and Production/Manufacturing Management aspects to enable young mechanical engineers to make a confident start at the workplace and eventually ascend to leading positions in the organization. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Bhutan)

Encyclopedia of Nanomaterials, Three Volume Set provides a comprehensive reference work on the creation, characterization, property and processing of nanomaterials. Sections cover the synthesis, functionalization, assembly and characterization of nanomaterials, their chemical, physical and biological properties, their processing in the form of coating, special texture and surface patterns, nanodevice fabrication, large-scale manufacturing, and their health and environmental impacts. Focusing on the fundamental concepts of nanomaterials and the key processes to understand, manipulate, and process them, this reference gives readers the ability to design and produce nanomaterials according to the requirements of their specific applications. Further, this encyclopedia includes sections that specifically discuss the large-scale manufacture of nanomaterials and the possible environmental and health impacts of their widespread use in many practical settings. It is written for graduate students and researchers in various fields, including biomedicine, pharmaceutical industry, energy, environmental science, catalysis, etc.

The ICAMEST 2015 Conference covered new developments in advanced materials and engineering structural technology. Applications in civil, mechanical, industrial and material science are covered in this book. Providing high-quality, scholarly research, addressing developments, applications and implications in the field of structural health monitoring, construction safety and management, sensors and measurements. This volume contains new models for nonlinear structural analysis and applications of modeling identification. Furthermore, advanced chemical materials are discussed with applications in mechanical and civil engineering and for the maintenance of new materials. In addition, a new system of pressure regulating and water conveyance based on small and middle hydropower stations is discussed. An experimental investigation of the ultimate strength and behavior of the three types of steel tubular K-joints was presented. Furthermore, real-time and frequency linear and nonlinear modeling performance of materials of structures contents were concluded with the notion of a fully brittle material, and this approach is implemented in the book by outlining a finite-element method for the prediction of the construction performance and cracking patterns of arbitrary structural concrete forms. This book is an ideal reference for practicing engineers in material, mechanical and civil engineering and consultants (design, construction, maintenance), and can also be used as a reference for students in mechanical and civil engineering courses.

Adopting a holistic approach to materials simulation, this monograph covers four very important structural materials: aluminum, carbon steels, superalloys, and plastics. Following an introduction to the concept of integral modeling, the book goes on to cover a wide range of production steps and usage, including melt flow and solidification behavior, coating, shaping, thermal treatment, deep drawing, hardness and ductility, damage initiation, and deformation behavior.

Bringing together experts from the various disciplines involved, this first comprehensive overview of the current level of stress engineering on the nanoscale is unique in combining the theoretical fundamentals with simulation methods, model systems and characterization techniques. Essential reading for researchers in microelectronics, optoelectronics, sensing, and photonics.

Comprehensive Structural Integrity, Second Edition, a Ten Volume Set, provides material scientists and engineers with an authoritative and complete one-stop reference tool on all aspects of this exciting field. The book puts special emphasis on the interaction between mechanics and materials and structural integrity applications. Because of the interdisciplinary and applied nature of the work, it is an indispensable resource for mechanical engineers and materials scientists from both academic and industrial backgrounds, including bioengineering, interface engineering and nanotechnology. Structural Integrity is the ability of a component, structure or asset to operate properly under the pressure of a load, including the weight of the asset itself. It's a vital consideration for structural engineering: essentially the science and technology which can prevent disaster.

Individuals who will be involved in design and manufacturing of finished products need to understand the grand spectrum of manufacturing technology. Comprehensive and fundamental, Manufacturing Technology: Materials, Processes, and Equipment introduces and elaborates on the field of manufacturing technology its processes, materials, tooling, and equipment. The book emphasizes the fundamentals of processes, their capabilities, typical applications, advantages, and limitations. Thorough and insightful, it provides mathematical modeling and equations as needed to enhance the basic understanding of the material at hand.

Designed for upper-level undergraduates in mechanical, industrial, manufacturing, and materials engineering disciplines, this book covers complete manufacturing technology courses taught in engineering colleges and institutions worldwide. The book also addresses the needs of production and manufacturing engineers and technologists participating in related industries.

In the past several decades, the research on spin transport and magnetism has led to remarkable scientific and technological breakthroughs, including Albert Fert and Peter Gr nberg's Nobel Prize-winning discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in magnetic metallic multilayers. Handbook of Spin Transport and Magnetism provides a comprehensive, balanced account of the state of the art in the field known as spin electronics or spintronics. It reveals how key phenomena first discovered in one class of materials, such as spin injection in metals, have been revisited decades later in other materials systems, including silicon, organic semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carefully engineered nanostructures. The first section of the book offers a historical and personal perspective of the field written by Nobel Prize laureate Albert Fert. The second section addresses physical phenomena, such as GMR, in hybrid structures of ferromagnetic and normal metals. The third section discusses recent developments in spin-dependent tunneling, including magnetic tunnel junctions with ferroelectric barriers. In the fourth section, the contributors look at how to control spin and magnetism in semiconductors. In the fifth section, they examine phenomena typically found in nanostructures made from metals, superconductors, molecular magnets, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and graphene. The final section covers novel spin-based applications, including advanced magnetic sensors, nonvolatile magnetoresistive random access memory, and semiconductor spin-lasers. The techniques and materials of spintronics have rapidly evolved in recent years, leading to vast improvements in hard drive storage and magnetic sensing. With extensive cross-references between chapters, this seminal handbook provides a complete guide to spin transport and magnetism across various classes of materials and structures.