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Books > Law > Laws of other jurisdictions & general law > Financial, taxation, commercial, industrial law > Financial law > General
This book explains the theoretical and policy issues associated with the taxation of financial services and includes a jurisdictional overview that illustrates alternative policy choices and the legal consequences of those choices . The book addresses the question: how can financial services in an increasingly globalized market best be taxed through VAT while avoiding economic distortions? It supports the discussion of the key practical problems that have arisen from the particular complexity of the application of VAT to financial services, and allows for the evaluation of best practice by comparing the major current reform models now being implemented.
This book offers the analysis of the relationship between the Cape Town Convention and national laws on secured transactions. The first part of the book considers why national implementation is so important in the case of the Cape Town Convention and identifies how innovative the Convention is as a uniform law instrument. The second part includes chapters on those states that are Parties to the Cape Town Convention, which analyse how the Convention is implemented under the domestic law. The third part includes chapters on those states that are not Parties to the Convention, which compare their national laws and the Convention to find unique features of the Cape Town Convention's rules. The fourth part discusses the meaning of Protocols on aircraft, railway rolling stock and space assets from the practitioner's point of view. As a whole, the book offers insights into the new stage of uniform private law and shows the need for further examination of the subject, which will be essential for international and national legislators, academics of comparative and international private law as well as practitioners who are the users of the uniform law regime.
This volume examines the tax systems of some twenty countries to determine whether their tax laws are used to support growth and development across borders in lower-income and poor countries. Given the critical economic development needs of poorer countries and the importance of stability in these regions to the security of populations throughout the world, the use of a country's tax laws to support investment in the developing world gains crucial significance. This book explores whether international standards promoting the fundamental values of the major tax systems of the world accommodate incentives for these nations. In addition, it analyzes the way in which adoption of principles by higher income nations to protect their own revenue bases has a spill-over effect, impairing the ability of developing countries to sustain their economies. Following an introduction that synthesizes worldwide trends, the volume contains separate chapters for a variety of countries detailing the underlying goals and values of each system and the way in which the decision to employ (or not employ) incentives accommodates those ends. The chapters include reports for: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Hong Kong, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Maldives, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, South Africa, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, and Venezuela. The volume memorializes the work of the General Reporter and National Reporters at the Taxation and Development session of the 19th Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law held in July, 2014, in Vienna, Austria.
This book offers holistic, economic analysis of the on-going regulatory reform in the European banking industry. The author addresses the main opportunities and pitfalls related to post-crisis financial regulation, and investigates whether the proposed solutions provide an appropriate response to the problems within the EU's ailing banking sector. The author gives particular focus to the implementation of Basel III, the introduction of the Banking Union, the inclusion of bank governance elements into regulatory frameworks, and the country-specific aspects of regulation at a national level. The discussion builds upon existing literature in the field and takes a novel approach in its examination of banking regulations, their endogeneity and their interactions with bank governance. The book also analyses banking regulation in the EU within theoretical frameworks, as well as by means of empirical exercises. Insights into the theory and practical aspects of banking regulation make this book a valuable read for academics, researchers, students and practitioners alike.
Offene Immobilienfonds gerieten ab dem Jahr 2008 im Zuge der dramatischen Entwicklungen auf den Finanzmarkten in erhebliche Schwierigkeiten. Erstmals verloren Anleger in groesserem Umfang ihr angelegtes Kapital. In diesem Zusammenhang ergriff der Gesetzgeber sowohl auf nationaler als auch auf europaischer Ebene Massnahmen, welche sich nun u.a. im Kapitalanlagegesetzbuch (KAGB) wiederfinden. Die Arbeit beschaftigt sich mit der Frage, ob durch das neu gestaltete Investmentrecht nun sachgerechte Rahmenbedingungen zur langfristigen Stabilisierung des offenen Immobilienfonds geschaffen wurden. Die Autorin regt hierbei auch alternative Ansatze an, beispielsweise die verpflichtende Boersennotierung von Anteilen nach schweizerischem Modell.
This book explores the profound transformation that has taken place in European insurance legislation since January 2016. Expert contributions discuss the changes that have taken place in the supervision of insurance and reinsurance undertakings through an economic risk-based approach. They outline the European insurance market before going on to show how Solvency II and Insurance Distribution Directive (IDD) are expected to generate significant benefits and have a positive impact on all parties involved in the insurance industry, the supervisory authorities and the insured. They also show how Solvency II is likely to benefit the economy as a whole, promoting more efficient allocation of capital and risk in a financial stability framework. This volume will be of interest to academics and researchers in the field of insurance regulation.
Die Untersuchung uber steuerliche Nichtanwendungsgesetze nimmt ihren Ausgang in der Breitenwirkung und der Veroeffentlichung der Rechtsprechung des Bundesfinanzhofs (BFH). Die Arbeit zeigt die verschiedenen Reaktionsmoeglichkeiten der Exekutive und Legislative auf die Rechtsprechung des BFH. Das Nichtanwendungsgesetz steht hierbei im Fokus der Betrachtung, weshalb mehr als 160 steuerliche Nichtanwendungsgesetze systematisch analysiert und typologisiert werden. Die verfassungsrechtlichen Fragestellungen von Nichtanwendungsgesetzen werden insbesondere unter den Aspekten der Gewaltenteilung, Gewaltenbindung und des Gesetzgebungsverfahrens thematisiert. Eine rechtspolitische Wurdigung der Nichtanwendungsgesetzgebung rundet die umfassende Darstellung der steuerlichen Nichtanwendungsgesetze ab.
Der Band untersucht die Auswirkungen des Bilanzrechtsmodernisierungsgesetzes (BilMoG) auf den gesellschaftsrechtlichen Kapital- und Glaubigerschutz. Das BilMoG verfolgt das Ziel, den Informationswert von Jahresabschlussen unter Beibehaltung des Glaubigerschutzniveaus zu steigern. Der Gesetzgeber fuhrte eine ausserbilanzielle Ausschuttungssperre ein, die unsichere Vermoegensgegenstande bei der Ermittlung des ausschuttungsfahigen Vermoegens eliminiert. Trotz dieser minimal-invasiv wirkenden Massnahme wurde ein Paradigmenwechsel eingelautet: Der ausschuttungsfahige Gewinn ist fortan nicht mehr aus der Bilanz ersichtlich, sondern nur noch in Zusammenschau mit Angaben im Anhang ermittelbar. Das Vorsichtsprinzip hat zulasten der Informationsfunktion eine Schwachung erfahren.
This book addresses concerns with the international trade and investment dispute settlement systems from a statist perspective, at a time when multilateralism is deeply questioned by the forces of mega-regionalism and political and economic contestation. In covering recent case law and theoretical discussions, the book's contributors analyze the particularities of statehood and the limitations of the dispute settlement systems to judge sovereign actors as autonomous regulators. From a democratic deficit coupled with a deficit of legitimacy in relation to the questionable professionalism, independence and impartiality of adjudicators to the lack of consistency of decisions challenging essential public policies, trade and investment disputes have proven controversial. These challenges call for a rethinking of why, how and what for, are States judged. Based on a "sovereignty modern" approach, which takes into account the latest evolutions of a globalized trade and investment law struggling to put people's expectations at its core, the book provides a comprehensive framework and truly original perspective linking the various facets of "judicial activity" to the specific yet encompassing character of international law and the rule of law in international society. In doing so, it covers a large variety of issues such as global judicial capacity building and judicial professionalism from an international and domestic comparative angle, trade liberalisation and States' legitimate rights and expectations to protect societal values, the legal challenges of being a State claimant, the uses and misuses of imported legal concepts and principles in multidisciplinary adjudications and, lastly, the need to reunify international law on a (human) rights based approach.
Crowdfunding ermoeglicht die Einwerbung von Finanzmitteln uber das Internet. Der Autor beantwortet die Frage, wie die Einwerbung von Finanzmitteln durch Crowdfunding rechtlich zu bewerten ist. Dazu untersucht er sowohl die zivilrechtlichen Grundlagen als auch die aufsichtsrechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen einer Mitteleinwerbung durch Crowdfunding. Die sich hierbei auftuenden Rechtsfragen werden anhand wesentlicher Fallgruppen einer grundlegenden Klarung zugefuhrt. Die Untersuchung beschrankt sich auf den deutschen Rechtsraum.
Die Edition "Nachschlagewerk der Reichsgerichts" bringt in Band 11 die Rechtsprechungsnachweise zu den 1025-1048 ZPO, zu weiteren Verfahrensgesetzen (Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz, Arbeitsgerichtsgesetz, Grundbuchordnung, Zwangsversteigerungesetz) sowie zum Verfahren der freiwilligen Gerichtsbarkeit, zum Konkurs- und Anfechtungsrecht und zur Rechtsanwaltsordnung.
Der Autor untersucht die Regelungen der 39a und 39c WpUEG unter besonderer Berucksichtigung praktischer Gesichtspunkte. Bei der Durchfuhrung eines UEbernahmeverfahrens nach dem WpUEG kommt es regelmassig zu Herausforderungen, insbesondere, wenn die vollstandige UEbernahme der Zielgesellschaft beabsichtigt wird. Die vom Gesetzgeber hierfur geschaffene Sonderregelung wird von der Praxis jedoch bislang kaum angenommen und weist deutliche Schwachen auf. Gegenstand der Untersuchung ist es, diese Schwachen der gesetzlichen Regelung de lege lata herauszuarbeiten und de lege ferenda einer Loesung zuzufuhren.
The second edition of this book shows how full implementation of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act by the SEC in 2016 enables entrepreneurs and SME executives to leverage crowdfunding platforms to raise significant amounts of capital for their startups and small-to-medium-sized businesses. The unprecedented fundraising opportunities contained in the hundreds of pages of new SEC rules have generated tremendous excitement in the startup, small business, angel investing, and venture capital worlds-tempered by uncertainty about the correct interpretation of the rules and the compliance risks implicit in them.In The JOBS Act: Crowdfunding Guide for Small Businesses and Startups, 2nd Edition, crowdfunding pioneer William Michael Cunningham trawls the hundreds of pages of new rules for the essential takeaways and practical tips on successfully tapping the new crowdfunding sources that the JOBS Act opens up to small businesses and startups, while complying with new SEC regulations in the least burdensome way. The 2nd edition of The JOBS Act delivers the following new material: Updates and augments the 1st edition with description, analysis, and discussion of post-2012 SEC rules and forms implementing the JOBS Act Focuses on the final SEC rules that implement Title III ("Regulation Crowdfunding") and Title IV ("Regulation A+") to make the JOBS Act a practical fundraising vehicle for small business and startups Presents case studies of successful JOBS Act-compliant crowdfunding campaigns Tips readers to the opportunities, loopholes, and hazards in the hundreds of pages of new SEC rules that crowdfunders need know to maximize their fundraising success and avoid inadvertent non-compliance Deploys new graphical analysis tools and financial models summarizing and comparing characteristics of various equity-based and donation-based crowdfunding campaigns Reviews and describes significant Title III offerings and highlights relevant Title IV offerings Lists all SEC/FINRA-approved equity crowdfunding platforms ("funding portals") Describes Title VII and provides crowdfunding-pertinent information on the new Offices of Women and Minority Inclusion at twenty-nine federal agencies Who This Book Is For Entrepreneurs and small business owners who wish to leverage the JOBS Act to crowdfund their enterprises. The secondary readerships are investors, angels, venture capitalists, securities lawyers, community development specialists, and visitors to crowdfunding platforms, which are required under the JOBS Act to demonstrate to the SEC and FINRA that they are proactively providing educational resources to potential crowdfunders.
Die Autorin befasst sich mit der Frage, an welchem "Anlegerhorizont" als Beurteilungsmassstab sich Wertpapierprospekte nach geltender Rechtslage ausrichten sollten. Der Gesetzgeber hat zur Bekampfung marktstoerender Informationsasymmetrien zwischen Emittenten und Anlegern eine Vielzahl an Informationspflichten geschaffen. Der Schutz der Anleger basiert also - im Sinne der Privatautonomie - auf der Annahme, dass der ausreichend Informierte sich selbst schutzen kann. Probleme ergeben sich daraus, dass diese Informationspflichten generell auf einen zumindest potentiell heterogenen Adressatenkreis zielen. Der Frage nach den massgeblichen Fertigkeiten und Verstandnisfahigkeiten der Prospektadressaten widmet sich diese Arbeit insbesondere mithilfe einer rechtsoekonomischen Analyse.
Der Autor untersucht die Haftungsverfassung der Gesellschaft burgerlichen Rechts, die durch die Anerkennung ihrer eigenen Rechtsfahigkeit und das Bekenntnis zu einer akzessorischen Haftung der Gesellschafter neu konzipiert wurde. Daran schliesst sich die Frage, ob die Aufwertung der GbR zum selbststandigen Rechtstrager tatsachlich mit einer gesteigerten Einstandspflicht der "unschuldigen" Gesellschafter mit ihrem Privatvermoegen fur Delikte ihrer Mitgesellschafter "bezahlt wird". Anhand einer umfassenden historischen und teleologischen Untersuchung stellt das Buch dar, dass eine uneingeschrankte solidarische Haftung der Mitgesellschafter im Deliktsbereich mit grundlegenden gesetzlichen Wertungen nicht vereinbar ist. Aus der als notwendig erkannten teleologischen Reduktion des 128 HGB entwickelt der Autor ein eigenstandiges Haftungsmodell nach dem Konzept einer subsidiaren Ausfallhaftung, das die erkannten Wertungswiderspruche zwischen Verschuldensprinzip, Gesellschafterhaftung und Glaubigerschutz in einen angemessenen Ausgleich bringt.
This book is a major work that focuses exclusively on ship finance and includes contributions on the increasingly complex field of ship finance, which has over the last two decades become a key aspect in the world of shipping and ship owning. The book offers an enlightening mix of theoretical analysis and well-founded practical insights into the daily markets. Given that ship finance continues to develop dynamically around the world, the book covers subjects ranging from the German KG market to Islamic Finance, from loans to legal aspects and from asset pricing to risk management.
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