This book presents a comprehensive report on the evolution of Fuzzy Logic since its formulation in Lotfi Zadeh's seminal paper on "fuzzy sets," published in 1965. In addition, it features a stimulating sampling from the broad field of research and development inspired by Zadeh's paper. The chapters, written by pioneers and prominent scholars in the field, show how fuzzy sets have been successfully applied to artificial intelligence, control theory, inference, and reasoning. The book also reports on theoretical issues; features recent applications of Fuzzy Logic in the fields of neural networks, clustering, data mining and software testing; and highlights an important paradigm shift caused by Fuzzy Logic in the area of uncertainty management. Conceived by the editors as an academic celebration of the fifty years' anniversary of the 1965 paper, this work is a must-have for students and researchers willing to get an inspiring picture of the potentialities, limitations, achievements and accomplishments of Fuzzy Logic-based systems.

This book collects papers from the 8th Conference on Non-Integer Order Calculus and Its Applications that have been held on September 20-21, 2016 in Zakopane, Poland. The preceding two conferences were held in Szczecin, Poland in 2015, and in Opole, Poland, in 2014. This conference provides a platform for academic exchange on the theory and application of fractional calculus between domestic and international universities, research institutes, corporate experts and scholars. The Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Non-Integer Order Calculus and Its Applications 2016 brings together rigorously reviewed contributions from leading international experts. The included papers cover novel various important aspects of mathematical foundations of fractional calculus, modeling and control of fractional systems as well as controllability, detectability, observability and stability problems for this systems.

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are characterized as a combination of physical (physical plant, process, network) and cyber (software, algorithm, computation) components whose operations are monitored, controlled, coordinated, and integrated by a computing and communicating core. The interaction between both physical and cyber components requires tools allowing analyzing and modeling both the discrete and continuous dynamics. Therefore, many CPS can be modeled as hybrid dynamic systems in order to take into account both discrete and continuous behaviors as well as the interactions between them. Guaranteeing the security and safety of CPS is a challenging task because of the inherent interconnected and heterogeneous combination of behaviors (cyber/physical, discrete/continuous) in these systems. This book presents recent and advanced approaches and tech-niques that address the complex problem of analyzing the diagnosability property of cyber physical systems and ensuring their security and safety against faults and attacks. The CPS are modeled as hybrid dynamic systems using different model-based and data-driven approaches in different application domains (electric transmission networks, wireless communication networks, intrusions in industrial control systems, intrusions in production systems, wind farms etc.). These approaches handle the problem of ensuring the security of CPS in presence of attacks and verifying their diagnosability in presence of different kinds of uncertainty (uncertainty related to the event occurrences, to their order of occurrence, to their value etc.).

Guaranteeing a high system performance over a wide operating range is an important issue surrounding the design of automatic control systems with successively increasing complexity. As a key technology in the search for a solution, advanced fault detection and identification (FDI) is receiving considerable attention. This book introduces basic model-based FDI schemes, advanced analysis and design algorithms, and mathematical and control-theoretic tools.
This second edition of Model-Based Fault Diagnosis Techniques contains:
new material on fault isolation and identification and alarm management;
extended and revised treatment of systematic threshold determination for systems with both deterministic unknown inputs and stochastic noises;
addition of the continuously-stirred tank heater as a representative process-industrial benchmark; and
enhanced discussion of residual evaluation which now deals with stochastic processes.
Model-based Fault Diagnosis Techniques will interest academic researchers working in fault identification and diagnosis and as a text it is suitable for graduate students in a formal university-based course or as a self-study aid for practising engineers working with automatic control or mechatronic systems from backgrounds as diverse as chemical process and power engineering.

This book addresses a broad range of topics concerning machine learning, big data, the Internet of things (IoT), and security in the IoT. Its goal is to bring together several innovative studies on these areas, in order to help researchers, engineers, and designers in several interdisciplinary domains pursue related applications. It presents an overview of the various algorithms used, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each in the fields of machine learning and big data. It also covers next-generation computing paradigms that are expected to support wireless networking with high data transfer rates and autonomous decision-making capabilities. In turn, the book discusses IoT applications (e.g. healthcare applications) that generate a huge amount of sensor data and imaging data that must be handled correctly for further processing. In the traditional IoT ecosystem, cloud computing offers a solution for the efficient management of huge amounts of data, thanks to its ability to access shared resources and provide a common infrastructure in a ubiquitous manner. Though these new technologies are invaluable, they also reveal serious IoT security challenges. IoT applications are vulnerable to various types of attack such as eavesdropping, spoofing and false data injection, the man-in-the-middle attack, replay attack, denial-of-service attack, jamming attack, flooding attack, etc. These and other security issues in the Internet of things are explored in detail. In addition to highlighting outstanding research and recent advances from around the globe, the book reports on current challenges and future directions in the IoT. Accordingly, it offers engineers, professionals, researchers, and designers an applied-oriented resource to support them in a broad range of interdisciplinary areas.

This book explores the outcomes on flow control research activities carried out within the framework of two EU-funded projects focused on training-through-research of Marie Sklodowska-Curie doctoral students. The main goal of the projects described in this monograph is to assess the potential of the passive- and active-flow control methods for reduction of fuel consumption by a helicopter. The research scope encompasses the fields of structural dynamics, fluid flow dynamics, and actuators with control. Research featured in this volume demonstrates an experimental and numerical approach with a strong emphasis on the verification and validation of numerical models. The book is ideal for engineers, students, and researchers interested in the multidisciplinary field of flow control.

This book focuses on unhealthy cyber-physical systems. Consisting of 14 chapters, it discusses recognizing the beginning of the fault, diagnosing the appearance of the fault, and stopping the system or switching to a special control mode known as fault-tolerant control. Each chapter includes the background, motivation, quantitative development (equations), and case studies/illustration/tutorial (simulations, experiences, curves, tables, etc.). Readers can easily tailor the techniques presented to accommodate their ad hoc applications.

This edited monograph contains research contributions on a wide range of topics such as stochastic control systems, adaptive control, sliding mode control and parameter identification methods. The book also covers applications of robust and adaptice control to chemical and biotechnological systems. This collection of papers commemorates the 70th birthday of Dr. Alexander S. Poznyak.

Whereas power systems have traditionally been designed with a focus on protecting them from routine component failures and atypical user demand, we now also confront the fact that deliberate attack intended to cause maximum disruption is a real possibility. In response to this changing environment, new concepts and tools have emerged that address many of the issues facing power system operation today. This book is aimed at introducing these ideas to practicing power systems engineers, control systems engineers interested in power systems, and graduate students in these areas. The ideas are examined with an emphasis on how they can be applied to improve our understanding of power system behavior and help design better control systems. The book is supplemented by a Mathematica package enabling readers to work out nontrivial examples and problems. Also included is a set of Mathematica tutorial notebooks providing detailed solutions of the worked examples in the text. In addition to Mathematica, simulations are carried out using Simulink with Stateflow.

This book presents advanced control techniques that use neural networks to deal with grid disturbances in the context renewable energy sources, and to enhance low-voltage ride-through capacity, which is a vital in terms of ensuring that the integration of distributed energy resources into the electrical power network. It presents modern control algorithms based on neural identification for different renewable energy sources, such as wind power, which uses doubly-fed induction generators, solar power, and battery banks for storage. It then discusses the use of the proposed controllers to track doubly-fed induction generator dynamics references: DC voltage, grid power factor, and stator active and reactive power, and the use of simulations to validate their performance. Further, it addresses methods of testing low-voltage ride-through capacity enhancement in the presence of grid disturbances, as well as the experimental validation of the controllers under both normal and abnormal grid conditions. The book then describes how the proposed control schemes are extended to control a grid-connected microgrid, and the use of an IEEE 9-bus system to evaluate their performance and response in the presence of grid disturbances. Lastly, it examines the real-time simulation of the entire system under normal and abnormal conditions using an Opal-RT simulator.

This book presents a novel framework, known as Active Robust Optimization, which provides the tools for evaluating, comparing and optimizing changeable products. Since any product that can change its configuration during normal operation may be considered a "changeable product," the framework is widely applicable. Further, the methodology enables designers to use adaptability to deal with uncertainties and so avoid over-conservative designs. Offering a comprehensive overview of the framework, including its unique features, such as its ability to optimally respond to uncertain situations, the book also defines a new class of optimization problem and examines the effects of changes in various parameters on their solution. Lastly, it discusses innovative approaches for solving the problem and demonstrates these with two examples from different fields in engineering design: optimization of an optical table and optimization of a gearbox.

Motion Coordination for VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicles develops new control design techniques for the distributed coordination of a team of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles. In particular, it provides new control design approaches for the attitude synchronization of a formation of rigid body systems. In addition, by integrating new control design techniques with some concepts from nonlinear control theory and multi-agent systems, it presents a new theoretical framework for the formation control of a class of under-actuated aerial vehicles capable of vertical take-off and landing. Several practical problems related to the systems' inputs, states measurements, and restrictions on the interconnection topology between the aerial vehicles in the team are addressed. Worked examples with sufficient details and simulation results are provided to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the theoretical results discussed in the book. The material presented is primarily intended for researchers and industrial engineers from robotics, control engineering and aerospace communities. It also serves as a complementary reading for graduate students involved in research related to flying robotics, aerospace, control of under-actuated systems, and nonlinear control theory

This book focuses on the design of decentralized optimization methods applied to charging strategies for large-scale PEVs in electrical power systems. It studies several classes of charging coordination problems in large-scale PEVs by considering the distinct characteristics of PEV populations and electrical power systems, and subsequently designs decentralized methods based on distinct optimization schemes - such as non-cooperative games, mean-field games, and auction games - to achieve optimal/nearly optimal charging strategies. In closing, several performance aspects of the proposed algorithms, such as their convergence, computational complexity and optimality etc., are rigorously verified and demonstrated in numerical simulations. Given its scope, the book will benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of optimization, game theory, auction games, electrical power systems, etc., and help them design decentralized methods to implement optimal charging strategies in large-scale PEVs.

This book is the first major work covering applications in thermal engineering and offering a comprehensive introduction to optimal control theory, which has applications in mechanical engineering, particularly aircraft and missile trajectory optimization. The book is organized in three parts: The first part includes a brief presentation of function optimization and variational calculus, while the second part presents a summary of the optimal control theory. Lastly, the third part describes several applications of optimal control theory in solving various thermal engineering problems. These applications are grouped in four sections: heat transfer and thermal energy storage, solar thermal engineering, heat engines and lubrication.Clearly presented and easy-to-use, it is a valuable resource for thermal engineers and thermal-system designers as well as postgraduate students.

This book presents the proceedings of the International Science and Technology Conference "FarEastCon 2019," which took place on October 1-4, 2019, in Vladivostok, Russian Federation. The conference provided a platform for gathering expert opinions on projects and initiatives aimed at the implementation of far-sighted scientific research and development, and allowed current theoretical and practical advances to be shared with the broader research community. Featuring selected papers from the conference, this book will be of interest to experts in various fields whose work involves developing innovative solutions and increasing the efficiency of economic activities.

Increasing performance demands in integrated circuits, together with limited energy budgets, force IC designers to find new ways of saving power. One innovative way is the presented adaptive voltage scaling scheme, which tunes the supply voltage according to the present process, voltage and temperature variations as well as aging. The voltage is adapted "on the fly" by means of in-situ delay monitors to exploit unused timing margin, produced by state-of-the-art worst-case designs. This book discusses the design of the enhanced in-situ delay monitors and the implementation of the complete control-loop comprising the monitors, a control-logic and an on-chip voltage regulator. An analytical Markov-based model of the control-loop is derived to analyze its robustness and stability. Variation-Aware Adaptive Voltage Scaling for Digital CMOS Circuits provides an in-depth assessment of the proposed voltage scaling scheme when applied to an arithmetic and an image processing circuit. This book is written for engineers interested in adaptive techniques for low-power CMOS circuits.

Mismatch or best match? This book demonstrates that best matching of individual entities to each other is essential to ensure smooth conduct and successful competitiveness in any distributed system, natural and artificial. Interactions must be optimized through best matching in planning and scheduling, enterprise network design, transportation and construction planning, recruitment, problem solving, selective assembly, team formation, sensor network design, and more. Fundamentals of best matching in distributed and collaborative systems are explained by providing: Methodical analysis of various multidimensional best matching processes Comprehensive taxonomy, comparing different best matching problems and processes Systematic identification of systems' hierarchy, nature of interactions, and distribution of decision-making and control functions Practical formulation of solutions based on a library of best matching algorithms and protocols, ready for direct applications and apps development. Designed for both academics and practitioners, oriented to systems engineers and applied operations researchers, diverse types of best matching processes are explained in production, manufacturing, business and service, based on a new reference model developed at Purdue University PRISM Center: "The PRISM Taxonomy of Best Matching". The book concludes with major challenges and guidelines for future basic and applied research in the area of best matching.

In the fields of data mining and control, the huge amount of unstructured data and the presence of uncertainty in system descriptions have always been critical issues. The book Randomized Algorithms in Automatic Control and Data Mining introduces the readers to the fundamentals of randomized algorithm applications in data mining (especially clustering) and in automatic control synthesis. The methods proposed in this book guarantee that the computational complexity of classical algorithms and the conservativeness of standard robust control techniques will be reduced. It is shown that when a problem requires "brute force" in selecting among options, algorithms based on random selection of alternatives offer good results with certain probability for a restricted time and significantly reduce the volume of operations.

Theory of Electroelasticity analyzes the stress, strain, electric field and electric displacement in electroelastic structures such as sensors, actuators and other smart materials and structures. This book also describes new theories such as the physical variational principle and the inertial entropy theory. It differs from the traditional method by using the physical variational principle to derive the governing equations of the piezoelectric material, whereas the Maxwell stress is obtained automatically. By using the inertial entropy theory, the temperature wave equation is obtained very easily. The book is intended for scientists, researchers and engineers in the areas of mechanics, physics, smart material and control engineering as well as mechanical, aeronautical and civil engineering, etc. Zhen-Bang Kuang is a professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. The tags contain electronically stored information. RFIDs have been widely used in countless applications such as object tracking, 3D positioning, indoor localization, supply chain management, automotive, inventory control, anti-theft, anti-counterfeit, and access control. The Internet of Things (IoT) promises a huge growth in RFID technology and usage. This book covers the topic of RFID protocol design, optimization, and security. RFID systems allow for a much easier and error free inventory management and tracking, but the probabilistic nature of RFID protocols makes the design and optimization complex and challenging. Most existing commercial RFID systems are not well designed. In this book, the authors aim to demystify complicated RFID protocols and explain in depth the principles, techniques, and practices in designing and optimizing them.

This book systematically introduces readers to the core algorithms of battery management system (BMS) for electric vehicles. These algorithms cover most of the technical bottlenecks encountered in BMS applications, including battery system modeling, state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) estimation, state of power (SOP) estimation, remaining useful life (RUL) prediction, heating at low temperature, and optimization of charging. The book not only presents these algorithms, but also discusses their background, as well as related experimental and hardware developments. The concise figures and program codes provided make the calculation process easy to follow and apply, while the results obtained are presented in a comparative way, allowing readers to intuitively grasp the characteristics of different algorithms. Given its scope, the book is intended for researchers, senior undergraduate and graduate students, as well as engineers in the fields of electric vehicles and energy storage.

This book introduces the fundamentals of DCS, and shows how to include wireless technology in their design while guaranteeing the desired operation characteristics. The text also presents insights and results gained from extensive practical experience in implementing and testing systems within a specific industrial setting. Features: examines the operations that the DCS implements, covering human-machine interfaces, diagnostics and maintenance interfaces, and controllers; discusses industrial control system and wireless network protocols; reviews scheduling in wireless sensor networks; describes a latency model for heterogeneous DCS with wired and wireless parts, that predicts monitoring, command, and closed loop latencies; explains how to plan operation timings systematically; introduces measures and metrics for performance monitoring and debugging, and describes how to add these to a system; presents experimental results to validate the planning approach, based on an application test-bed.

This book offers a comprehensive introduction to intelligent control system design, using MATLAB simulation to verify typical intelligent controller designs. It also uses real-world case studies that present the results of intelligent controller implementations to illustrate the successful application of the theory. Addressing the need for systematic design approaches to intelligent control system design using neural network and fuzzy-based techniques, the book introduces the concrete design method and MATLAB simulation of intelligent control strategies; offers a catalog of implementable intelligent control design methods for engineering applications; provides advanced intelligent controller design methods and their stability analysis methods; and presents a sample simulation and Matlab program for each intelligent control algorithm. The main topics addressed are expert control, fuzzy logic control, adaptive fuzzy control, neural network control, adaptive neural control and intelligent optimization algorithms, providing several engineering application examples for each method.

The book offers a snapshot of the theories and applications of soft computing in the area of complex systems modeling and control. It presents the most important findings discussed during the 5th International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control, held in Cairo, from August 31-September 2, 2013. The book consists of twenty-nine selected contributions, which have been thoroughly reviewed and extended before their inclusion in the volume. The different chapters, written by active researchers in the field, report on both current theories and important applications of soft-computing. Besides providing the readers with soft-computing fundamentals, and soft-computing based inductive methodologies/algorithms, the book also discusses key industrial soft-computing applications, as well as multidisciplinary solutions developed for a variety of purposes, like windup control, waste management, security issues, biomedical applications and many others. It is a perfect reference guide for graduate students, researchers and practitioners in the area of soft computing, systems modeling and control.

The book conclusively solves problems associated with the control and estimation of nonlinear and chaotic dynamics in financial systems when these are described in the form of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. It then addresses problems associated with the control and estimation of financial systems governed by partial differential equations (e.g. the Black-Scholes partial differential equation (PDE) and its variants). Lastly it an offers optimal solution to the problem of statistical validation of computational models and tools used to support financial engineers in decision making. The application of state-space models in financial engineering means that the heuristics and empirical methods currently in use in decision-making procedures for finance can be eliminated. It also allows methods of fault-free performance and optimality in the management of assets and capitals and methods assuring stability in the functioning of financial systems to be established. Covering the following key areas of financial engineering: (i) control and stabilization of financial systems dynamics, (ii) state estimation and forecasting, and (iii) statistical validation of decision-making tools, the book can be used for teaching undergraduate or postgraduate courses in financial engineering. It is also a useful resource for the engineering and computer science community