In the twentieth-century struggle for racial equality, there was perhaps no setting more fraught and contentious than the public schools of the American south. In Prince Edward County, Virginia, in 1951, a student strike for better school facilities became part of the NAACP legal campaign for school desegregation. That step ultimately brought this rural, agricultural county to the Supreme Court of the United States as one of five consolidated cases in the historic 1954 ruling, Brown v. Board of Education. Unique among those cases, Prince Edward County took the extreme stance of closing its public school system entirely rather than comply with the desegregation ruling of the Court. The schools were closed for five years, from 1959 to 1964, until the Supreme Court ruling in Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County ordered the restoration of public education in the county. This historical anthology brings together court cases, government documents, personal and scholarly writings, speeches, and journalism to represent the diverse voices and viewpoints of the battle in Prince Edward County for-and against-educational equality. Providing historical context and contemporary analysis, this book offers a new perspective of a largely overlooked episode and seeks to help place the struggle for public education in Prince Edward County into its proper place in the civil rights era.

This is the first history of sport in Ireland, locating the history of sport within Irish political, social, and cultural history, and within the global history of sport. Sport and Ireland demonstrates that there are aspects of Ireland's sporting history that are uniquely Irish and are defined by the peculiarities of life on a small island on the edge of Europe. What is equally apparent, though, is that the Irish sporting world is unique only in part; much of the history of Irish sport is a shared history with that of other societies. Drawing on an unparalleled range of sources - government archives, sporting institutions, private collections, and more than sixty local, national, and international newspapers - this volume offers a unique insight into the history of the British Empire in Ireland and examines the impact that political partition has had on the organization of sport there. Paul Rouse assesses the relationship between sport and national identity, how sport influences policy-making in modern states, and the ways in which sport has been colonized by the media and has colonized it in turn. Each chapter of Sport and Ireland contains new research on the place of sport in Irish life: the playing of hurling matches in London in the eighteenth century, the growth of cricket to become the most important sport in early Victorian Ireland, and the enlistment of thousands of members of the Gaelic Athletic Association as soldiers in the British Army during the Great War. Rouse draws out the significance of animals to the Irish sporting tradition, from the role of horse and dogs in racing and hunting, to the cocks, bulls, and bears that were involved in fighting and baiting.

Educators today are challenged with the task of designing curricula and standards for students of varying abilities. While technology and innovation steadily improve classroom learning, teachers and administrators continue to struggle in developing the best methodologies and practices for students with disabilities. Models for Effective Service Delivery in Special Education Programs brings together case studies and academic research on successful classroom models and practices to provide rewarding learning environments for students with disabilities. This publication is an essential reference source for special education teachers, supervisors, directors, and administrators, as well as academicians and researchers interested in developing special education programs within school districts and classrooms.

It is estimated that up to sixty-five percent of children entering grade school this year will end up working in careers that have yet to be created. This is a result, in part, of the rapid advances in technology that have occurred since Apple introduced the iPhone just ten years ago. This technology is not only impacting the way that we learn or the jobs that we will hold in the future, but it is literally changing the way that we think. As modern technologies are introduced during formative periods of brain development, they are having an impact on traditionally linear patterns of thought. Today's youth no longer process information in the same linear fashion as past generations. This is creating confusion in educational settings that are specifically designed to meet the needs of linear thinkers. Administrators, educators, and parents must learn to better understand these changes in order to create models that will be viable for 21st century learners. We must work together to create systems that will both support and encourage children who literally think differently than those who teach them. The Rise of the Human Digital Brain: How Multidirectional Thinking is Changing the Way We Learn contains information about the history of education, the changes in the systems of education over the years, and the impact of technology on learning for 21st century students. It also contains the results of a unique study regarding the impact of iPad instruction on literacy attainment for struggling readers. The hope is that the information contained in this book will cause administrators, educators, parents, and developers of new technologies to take a moment to step back and envision a new model that will revolutionize education across the world.