Ivan N. Petrov's The Development of the Bulgarian Literary Language: From Incunabula to First Grammars, Late Fifteenth-Early Seventeenth Century examines the history of the first printed Cyrillic books and their role in the development of the Bulgarian literary language. In the literary culture of the Southern Slavs, especially the Bulgarians, the period that began at the end of the fifteenth century and covered the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries is often seen as a foreshadowing of the pre-national era of modern times. In particular, the centuries-old manuscript tradition was gradually replaced by the Cyrillic printed book, which-after the incunabula of Krakow and Montenegro-was published in such centers as Targoviste, Prague, Venice, Serbian monasteries, Vilnius, Moscow, Zabludow, Lviv, Ostroh, and many others. Petrov shows how the study of old Slavic prints is closely linked to the processes that determined the emergence of modern literary languages in the Slavia Orthodoxa area, including the influence of the liturgical Church Slavonic language shared by the Orthodox Slavs, which was increasingly standardized and codified at that time. The perspective of a language historian brings new light to the complex and multidimensional issues of this important transitional period of Slavic history and culture.

This book is an anthology of articles on teaching English to speakers of other languages. The emphasis is on practical concerns of classroom procedures and on the cross-cultural aspects of teaching English around the world. Several of the articles focus on communicative language teaching.

A major objective of this book is to identify the key determinants of the "East" and the "West" in the field of intercultural communication. It examines but also counter-attacks essentialist and culturalist analyses of intercultural communication between China and the rest of the world. Offering a cross-country examination and comparison of drought awareness and experience, this book shows two fields of research, which are complementary but rarely found side by side, i.e. the Arts and Intercultural Encounters, serve as illustrations for theoretical and methodological discussions about intercultural communication between China and the West. Scholarly and media discourses will find this work thought-provoking, instructive and informative.

The Diagnosis of Writing in a Second or Foreign Language is a comprehensive survey of diagnostic assessment of second/foreign language (SFL) writing. In this innovative book, a compelling case is made for SFL writing as an individual, contextual, and multidimensional ability, combining several theoretically informed approaches upon which to base diagnosis. Using the diagnostic cycle as the overarching framework, the book starts with the planning phase, cover design, development, and delivery of diagnostic assessment, ending with feedback and feed-forward aspects to feed diagnostic information into the teaching and learning process. It covers means to diagnose both the writing processes and products, including the design and development of diagnostic tasks and rating scales, as well as automated approaches to assessment. Also included is a range of existing instruments and approaches to diagnosing SFL writing. Addressing large-scale as well as classroom contexts, this volume is useful for researchers, teachers, and educational policy-makers in language learning.

There is a silk factory in Florence, Italy, where workers use ancient machines to create beautiful silk cloth. Other factories have modernized and use newer machines but the workers here continue to weave silk from machines that are centuries old. How is this silk made? What makes it special?

English Explorer is a motivating new four-level series for students at secondary level, with a strong international focus. It combines a communicative approach to learning English with stunning National Geographic images, video, and content. With English Explorer, students EXPLORE amazing places and fascinating cultures with National Geographic, bringing real people, real places, and real stories into the English language classroom LEARN how to use English to communicate effectively in the real world, by developing language skills through age-appropriate print and multimedia resources DEVELOP critical thinking and other

A blend of completely new lessons, updated texts and activities, together with the refreshing and fine-tuning of some favourite lessons from New English File - English File third edition provides the right mix of language, motivation, and opportunity to get students talking. English File third edition offers more support for teachers and students. Teacher's Book provides over 100 photocopiables to save preparation time, plus extra tips and ideas. Classroom Presentation Tool brings your classroom to life with the Student's Book and Workbook, on-screen and interactive.

Eckhart Tolle begins this best-selling spiritual guide with his own story -- a tale of early despair that culminated in a tremendous experience of awakening one night soon after his 29th birthday. Tolle's galvanizing realization was that the mind is the enemy of enlightenment, and that individuals contain the source of their own pain. The Power of Now explores these issues in depth and uncovers fresh ways of living a more fulfilling life. Now available to Spanish-language readers, the book shows how a combination of Buddhist principles, relaxation techniques, and meditation theory can connect the reader to "the eternal, ever-present One Life beyond the myriad forms of life that are subject to birth and death".

Loanwords and Japanese Identity: Inundating or Absorbed? provides an in-depth examination of public discussions on lexical borrowing in the Japanese language. The main objective of this book is to explore the relationship between language and identity through an analysis of public attitudes towards foreign loanwords in contemporary Japanese society. In particular, the book uncovers the process by which language is conceived of as a symbol of national identity by examining an animated newspaper controversy over the use of foreign loanwords. The book concludes that the fierce debate over the use of loanwords can be understood as a particular manifestation of the ongoing (re-)negotiation of Japanese national identity. This book will appeal to scholars and students in sociolinguistics, translation studies, and discourse analysis, while its cultural and geographic focus will attract readers in Japanese studies and East Asian studies.

- The first Handbook to unite the research on this emerging research area in one comprehensive volume - Covers the mapping, facilitating and researching of learning beyond the classroom - Includes cutting edge research from leading scholars in the field

"The Gateway to Arabic" series is designed to teach Arabic in a non-Arabic-speaking environment to learners from a broad age range. This first set of flashcards has been designed to complement "Gateway to Arabic Book One" and "The Key to Arabic Book One", and will help students learn to recognise all the letters of the Arabic alphabet in their isolate and joined forms, the long and short vowel sounds, tanween, shadda, sukoon and the dipthongs -ay and -ow. The pack comprises 64 double-sided cards in full colour, with each card measuring 148 mm by 105 mm.

Kirszner/Mandell's PORTABLE LITERATURE: READING, REACTING, WRITING, 10th Edition is a highly accessible anthology that offers a broad selection of contemporary and classic, time-tested readings along with introductions to the literary genres, helpful study questions and prompts and a down-to-earth, accessible guide to writing about literature.

With five books from the bestselling Practice Makes Perfect series-all in one volume-this book is the best value for learning Spanish at the level that matches your needs! With more than a 2 million copies sold, the Practice Makes Perfect series has always offered what you need to master the Spanish language: Clear explanations, practical examples, and all the practice required for growing mastery. In Practice Makes Perfect: Complete Spanish All-in-One, Premium Third Edition, you get even more at a spectacular value, with five books from the bestselling series in one volume. Structured to help you learn Spanish at your own level, Practice Makes Perfect: Complete Spanish All-in-One, Premium Third Edition covers Spanish grammar, sentence structures and conversation, and is enhanced with a comprehensive index that allows you quick reference to all grammar explanations in the book. This premium third edition is supported by the McGraw Hill Language Lab app, with vocabulary flash cards, audio conversations and answers to numerous exercises, and new recordings of all example sentences throughout the book. Comprehensive and user-friendly, this one-stop resource gives you the confidence you need to break through the barrier to competency and fluency in Spanish. Features Single volume contains five popular titles: Spanish Grammar; Spanish Intermediate Grammar; Spanish Sentence Builder; Spanish Problem Solver, and Spanish Conversation Integrated approach allows you to study at your own level and pace Supported by the McGraw Hill Language Lab app: This includes online flashcards for all vocabulary lists throughout the book, as well as streaming audio recordings for many exercise answer keys and conversations NEW: Audio recordings of example sentences throughout the book reinforce grammar concepts and improve pronunciation and oral comprehension

This volume forms part of a five volume set charting the progress of the 19th century movement, which was instrumental in establishing international guidelines for the teaching of modern languages. It was during this period that for the first time, co-operation between phoneticians and teachers culminated in the publication of works that were instrumental in establishing the "applied linguistic" approach to language teaching in the 20th century. For the first time, too, the new science of psychology influenced a scientific theory of second language acquisition. The Reform Movement attracted support across Europe, spurring the development of new professional associations and journals. In turn, the publication in these journals of reports of innovative practice contributed to a greater sense of autonomy and professionalism among modern language teachers, who had hitherto tended to live under the shadow of classical language teaching. The practical innovations and theoretical suggestions for the foreign language teaching, although rooted in the 19th century, still have relevance in 2001.

This volume forms part of a five-volume set charting the progress of the 19th century movement, which was instrumental in establishing international guidelines for the teaching of modern languages. It was during this period that for the first time, co-operation between phoneticians and teachers culminated in the publication of works that were instrumental in establishing the "applied linguistic" approach to language teaching in the 20th century. For the first time, too, the new science of psychology influenced a scientific theory of second language acquisition. The Reform Movement attracted support across Europe, spurring the development of new professional associations and journals. In turn, the publication in these journals of reports of innovative practice contributed to a greater sense of autonomy and professionalism among modern language teachers, who had hitherto tended to live under the shadow of classical language teaching. The practical innovations and theoretical suggestions for the foreign language teaching, although rooted in the 19th century, still have relevance today.

This volume forms part of a five volume set charting the progress of the nineteenth century movement, which was instrumental in establishing international guidelines for the teaching of modern languages. It was during this period that for the first time, co-operation between phoneticians and teachers culminated in the publication of works that were instrumental in establishing the 'applied linguistic' approach to language teaching in the twentieth century. For the first time, too, the new science of psychology influenced a scientific theory of second language acquisition. The Reform Movement attracted support across Europe, spurring the development of new professional associations and journals. In turn, the publication in these journals of reports of innovative practice contributed to a greater sense of autonomy and professionalism among modern language teachers, who had hitherto tended to live under the shadow of classical language teaching. The practical innovations and theoretical suggestions for the foreign language teaching, although rooted in the nineteenth century, still have relevance today.