The investigation of phenomena involving fractals has gone through a spectacular development in the last decade. Many physical, technological and biological processes have been shown to be related to and described by objects with non-integer dimensions. The physics of far-from-equilibrium growth phenomena represents one of the most important fields in which fractal geometry is widely applied. During the last couple of years considerable experimental, numerical and theoretical information has accumulated concerning such processes.This book, written by a well-known expert in the field, summarizes the basic concepts born in the studies of fractal growth and also presents some of the most important new results for more specialized readers. It also contains 15 beautiful color plates demonstrating the richness of the geometry of fractal patterns. Accordingly, it may serve as a textbook on the geometrical aspects of fractal growth and it treats this area in sufficient depth to make it useful as a reference book. No specific mathematical knowledge is required for reading this book which is intended to give a balanced account of the field.

This two-part EMS volume provides a succinct summary of complex algebraic geometry, coupled with a lucid introduction to the recent work on the interactions between the classical area of the geometry of complex algebraic curves and their Jacobian varieties. An excellent companion to the older classics on the subject.

This book focuses on the properties of nonlinear systems of PDE with geometrical origin and the natural description in the language of infinite-dimensional differential geometry. The treatment is very informal and the theory is illustrated by various examples from mathematical physics. All necessary information about the infinite-dimensional geometry is given in the text.

2 Triangle Groups: An Introduction 279 3 Elementary Shimura Curves 281 4 Examples of Shimura Curves 282 5 Congruence Zeta Functions 283 6 Diophantine Properties of Shimura Curves 284 7 Klein Quartic 285 8 Supersingular Points 289 Towers of Elkies 9 289 7. CRYPTOGRAPHY AND APPLICATIONS 291 1 Introduction 291 Discrete Logarithm Problem 2 291 Curves for Public-Key Cryptosystems 3 295 Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptosystems 4 297 CM-Method 5 299 6 Cryptographic Exponent 300 7 Constructive Descent 302 8 Gaudry and Harley Algorithm 306 9 Picard Jacobians 307 Drinfeld Module Based Public Key Cryptosystems 10 308 11 Drinfeld Modules and One Way Functions 308 12 Shimura's Map 309 13 Modular Jacobians of Genus 2 Curves 310 Modular Jacobian Surfaces 14 312 15 Modular Curves of Genus Two 313 16 Hecke Operators 314 8. REFERENCES 317 345 Index Xll Preface The history of counting points on curves over finite fields is very ex- tensive, starting with the work of Gauss in 1801 and continuing with the work of Artin, Schmidt, Hasse and Weil in their study of curves and the related zeta functions Zx(t), where m Zx(t) = exp (2: N t ) m m 2': 1 m with N = #X(F qm). If X is a curve of genus g, Weil's conjectures m state that L(t) Zx(t) = (1 - t)(l - qt) where L(t) = rr~!l (1 - O'.

One of the worlds foremost geometers, Alan Weinstein has made deep contributions to symplectic and differential geometry, Lie theory, mechanics, and related fields. Written in his honor, the invited papers in this volume reflect the active and vibrant research in these areas and are a tribute to Weinsteins ongoing influence. The well-recognized contributors to this text cover a broad range of topics: Induction and reduction for systems with symmetry, symplectic geometry and topology, geometric quantization, the Weinstein Conjecture, Poisson algebra and geometry, Dirac structures, deformations for Lie group actions, Kahler geometry of moduli spaces, theory and applications of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics and dynamics, symplectic and Poisson groupoids, and quantum representations.Intended for graduate students and working mathematicians in symplectic and Poisson geometry as well as mechanics, this text is a distillation of prominent research and an indication of the future trends and directions in geometry, mechanics, and mathematical physics.

This book deals with asymptotic solutions of linear and nonlinear equa- tions which decay as h ---+ 0 outside a neighborhood of certain points, curves and surfaces. Such solutions are almost everywhere well approximated by the functions cp(x) exp{iS(x)/h}, x E 1R3, where S(x) is complex, and ImS(x) ~ o. When the phase S(x) is real (ImS(x) = 0), the method for obtaining asymp- totics of this type is known in quantum mechanics as the WKB-method. We preserve this terminology in the case ImS(x) ~ 0 and develop the method for a wide class of problems in mathematical physics. Asymptotics of this type were constructed recently for many linear prob- lems of mathematical physics; certain specific formulas were obtained by differ- ent methods (V. M. Babich [5 -7], V. P. Lazutkin [76], A. A. Sokolov, 1. M. Ter- nov [113], J. Schwinger [107, 108], E. J. Heller [53], G. A. Hagedorn [50, 51], V. N. Bayer, V. M. Katkov [21], N. A. Chernikov [35] and others). However, a general (Hamiltonian) formalism for obtaining asymptotics of this type is clearly required; this state of affairs is expressed both in recent mathematical and physical literature. For example, the editors of the collected volume [106] write in its preface: "One can hope that in the near future a computational pro- cedure for fields with complex phase, similar to the usual one for fields with real phase, will be developed.

This is an introduction to diophantine geometry at the advanced graduate level. The book contains a proof of the Mordell conjecture which will make it quite attractive to graduate students and professional mathematicians. In each part of the book, the reader will find numerous exercises.

This volume consists of eighteen peer-reviewed papers related to lectures on pseudo-differential operators presented at the meeting of the ISAAC Group in Pseudo-Differential Operators (IGPDO) held at Imperial College London on July 13-18, 2009. Featured in this volume are the analysis, applications and computations of pseudo-differential operators in mathematics, physics and signal analysis. This volume is a useful complement to the volumes "Advances in Pseudo-Differential Operators", "Pseudo-Differential Operators and Related Topics", "Modern Trends in Pseudo-Differential Operators", "New Developments in Pseudo-Differential Operators" and "Pseudo-Differential Operators: Complex Analysis and Partial Differential Equations" published in the same series in, respectively, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010.

This book covers combinatorial data structures and algorithms, algebraic issues in geometric computing, approximation of curves and surfaces, and computational topology. Each chapter fully details and provides a tutorial introduction to important concepts and results. The focus is on methods which are both well founded mathematically and efficient in practice. Coverage includes references to open source software and discussion of potential applications of the presented techniques.

The moduli space Mg of curves of fixed genus g - that is, the algebraic variety that parametrizes all curves of genus g - is one of the most intriguing objects of study in algebraic geometry these days. Its appeal results not only from its beautiful mathematical structure but also from recent developments in theoretical physics, in particular in conformal field theory.

The theory of foliations and contact forms have experienced such great de velopment recently that it is natural they have implications in the field of mechanics. They form part of the framework of what Jean Dieudonne calls "Elie Cartan's great theory ofthe Pfaffian systems," and which even nowa days is still far from being exhausted. The major reference work is. without any doubt that of Elie Cartan on Pfaffian systems with five variables. In it one discovers there the bases of an algebraic classification of these systems, their methods of reduction, and the highlighting ofthe first fundamental in variants. This work opens to us, even today, a colossal field of investigation and the mystery of a ternary form containing the differential invariants of the systems with five variables always deligthts anyone who wishes to find out about them. One of the goals of this memorandum is to present this work of Cartan - which was treated even more analytically by Goursat in its lectures on Pfaffian systems - in order to expound the classifications currently known. The theory offoliations and contact forms appear in the study ofcompletely integrable Pfaffian systems of rank one. In each of these situations there is a local model described either by Frobenius' theorem, or by Darboux' theorem. It is this type of theorem which it would be desirable to have for a non-integrable Pfaffian system which may also be of rank greater than one."

This book is an introduction to differential manifolds. It gives solid preliminaries for more advanced topics: Riemannian manifolds, differential topology, Lie theory. It presupposes little background: the reader is only expected to master basic differential calculus, and a little point-set topology. The book covers the main topics of differential geometry: manifolds, tangent space, vector fields, differential forms, Lie groups, and a few more sophisticated topics such as de Rham cohomology, degree theory and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem for surfaces. Its ambition is to give solid foundations. In particular, the introduction of "abstract" notions such as manifolds or differential forms is motivated via questions and examples from mathematics or theoretical physics. More than 150 exercises, some of them easy and classical, some others more sophisticated, will help the beginner as well as the more expert reader. Solutions are provided for most of them. The book should be of interest to various readers: undergraduate and graduate students for a first contact to differential manifolds, mathematicians from other fields and physicists who wish to acquire some feeling about this beautiful theory. The original French text Introduction aux varietes differentielles has been a best-seller in its category in France for many years. Jacques Lafontaine was successively assistant Professor at Paris Diderot University and Professor at the University of Montpellier, where he is presently emeritus. His main research interests are Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian geometry, including some aspects of mathematical relativity. Besides his personal research articles, he was involved in several textbooks and research monographs.

In the last decade, there has been a burgeoning of activity in the design and implementation of algorithms for algebraic geometric computation. The workshop on Algorithms in Algebraic Geometry that was held in the framework of the IMA Annual Program Year in Applications of Algebraic Geometry by the Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications on September 2006 is one tangible indication of the interest. This volume of articles captures some of the spirit of the IMA workshop.

Over the course of the last century, the systematic exploration of the relationship between Fourier analysis and other branches of mathematics has lead to important advances in geometry, number theory, and analysis, stimulated in part by Hurwitzs proof of the isoperimetric inequality using Fourier series. This unified, self-contained volume is dedicated to Fourier analysis, convex geometry, and related topics. Specific topics covered include: the geometric properties of convex bodies the study of Radon transforms the geometry of numbers the study of translational tilings using Fourier analysis irregularities in distributions Lattice point problems examined in the context of number theory, probability theory, and Fourier analysis restriction problems for the Fourier transform The book presents both a broad overview of Fourier analysis and convexity as well as an intricate look at applications in some specific settings; it will be useful to graduate students and researchers in harmonic analysis, convex geometry, functional analysis, number theory, computer science, and combinatorial analysis. A wide audience will benefit from the careful demonstration of how Fourier analysis is used

Homogeneous Finsler Spaces is the first book to emphasize the relationship between Lie groups and Finsler geometry, and the first to show the validity in using Lie theory for the study of Finsler geometry problems. This book contains a series of new results obtained by the author and collaborators during the last decade. The topic of Finsler geometry has developed rapidly in recent years. One of the main reasons for its surge in development is its use in many scientific fields, such as general relativity, mathematical biology, and phycology (study of algae). This monograph introduces the most recent developments in the study of Lie groups and homogeneous Finsler spaces, leading the reader to directions for further development. The book contains many interesting results such as a Finslerian version of the Myers-Steenrod Theorem, the existence theorem for invariant non-Riemannian Finsler metrics on coset spaces, the Berwaldian characterization of globally symmetric Finsler spaces, the construction of examples of reversible non-Berwaldian Finsler spaces with vanishing S-curvature, and a classification of homogeneous Randers spaces with isotropic S-curvature and positive flag curvature. Readers with some background in Lie theory or differential geometry can quickly begin studying problems concerning Lie groups and Finsler geometry. "

From the reviews: ..". focused mainly on complex differential geometry and holomorphic bundle theory. This is a powerful book, written by a very distinguished contributor to the field" (Contemporary Physics )"the book provides a large amount of background for current research across a spectrum of field. ... requires effort to read but it is worthwhile and rewarding" (New Zealand Math. Soc. Newsletter) " The contents are highly technical and the pace of the exposition is quite fast. Manin is an outstanding mathematician, and writer as well, perfectly at ease in the most abstract and complex situation. With such a guide the reader will be generously rewarded " (Physicalia) This new edition includes an Appendix on developments of the last 10 years, by S. Merkulov.

This book serves two purposes. The authors present important aspects of modern research on the mathematical structure of Einstein's field equations and they show how to extract their physical content from them by mathematically exact methods. The essays are devoted to exact solutions and to the Cauchy problem of the field equations as well as to post-Newtonian approximations that have direct physical implications. Further topics concern quantum gravity and optics in gravitational fields.
The book addresses researchers in relativity and differential geometry but can also be used as additional reading material for graduate students.

4. 1 Bergman-Toeplitz Operators Over Bounded Domains 242 4. 2 Hardy-Toeplitz Operators Over Strictly Domains Pseudoconvex 250 Groupoid C* -Algebras 4. 3 256 4. 4 Hardy-Toeplitz Operators Over Tubular Domains 267 4. 5 Bergman-Toeplitz Operators Over Tubular Domains 278 4. 6 Hardy-Toeplitz Operators Over Polycircular Domains 284 4. 7 Bergman-Toeplitz Operators Over Polycircular Domains 290 4. 8 Hopf C* -Algebras 299 4. 9 Actions and Coactions on C* -Algebras 310 4. 10 Hardy-Toeplitz Operators Over K-circular Domains 316 4. 11 Hardy-Toeplitz Operators Over Symmetric Domains 325 4. 12 Bergman-Toeplitz Operators Over Symmetric Domains 361 5. Index Theory for Multivariable Toeplitz Operators 5. 0 Introduction 371 5. 1 K-Theory for Topological Spaces 372 5. 2 Index Theory for Strictly Pseudoconvex Domains 384 5. 3 C*-Algebras K-Theory for 394 5. 4 Index Theory for Symmetric Domains 400 5. 5 Index Theory for Tubular Domains 432 5. 6 Index Theory for Polycircular Domains 455 References 462 Index of Symbols and Notations 471 In trod uction Toeplitz operators on the classical Hardy space (on the I-torus) and the closely related Wiener-Hopf operators (on the half-line) form a central part of operator theory, with many applications e. g. , to function theory on the unit disk and to the theory of integral equations.

This volume contains refereed papers related to the lectures and talks given at a conference held in Siena (Italy) in June 2004. Also included are research papers that grew out of discussions among the participants and their collaborators. All the papers are research papers, but some of them also contain expository sections which aim to update the state of the art on the classical subject of special projective varieties and their applications and new trends like phylogenetic algebraic geometry. The topic of secant varieties and the classification of defective varieties is central and ubiquitous in this volume. Besides the intrinsic interest of the subject, it turns out that it is also relevant in other fields of mathematics like expressions of polynomials as sums of powers, polynomial interpolation, rank tensor computations, Bayesian networks, algebraic statistics and number theory.

In algebraic topology some classical invariants - such as Betti numbers and Reidemeister torsion - are defined for compact spaces and finite group actions. They can be generalized using von Neumann algebras and their traces, and applied also to non-compact spaces and infinite groups. These new L2-invariants contain very interesting and novel information and can be applied to problems arising in topology, K-Theory, differential geometry, non-commutative geometry and spectral theory. It is particularly these interactions with different fields that make L2-invariants very powerful and exciting. The book presents a comprehensive introduction to this area of research, as well as its most recent results and developments. It is written in a way which enables the reader to pick out a favourite topic and to find the result she or he is interested in quickly and without being forced to go through other material.

The configuration space of a manifold provides the appropriate setting for problems not only in topology but also in other areas such as nonlinear analysis and algebra. With applications in mind, the aim of this monograph is to provide a coherent and thorough treatment of the configuration spaces of Euclidean spaces and spheres which makes the subject accessible to researchers and graduate students with a minimal background in classical homotopy theory and algebraic topology. The treatment regards the homotopy relations of Yang-Baxter type as being fundamental. It also includes a novel and geometric presentation of the classical pure braid group; the cellular structure of these configuration spaces which leads to a cellular model for the associated based and free loop spaces; the homology and cohomology of based and free loop spaces; and an illustration of how to apply the latter to the study of Hamiltonian systems of k-body type.

Symmetry is a key ingredient in many mathematical, physical, and biological theories. Using representation theory and invariant theory to analyze the symmetries that arise from group actions, and with strong emphasis on the geometry and basic theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras, Symmetry, Representations, and Invariants is a significant reworking of an earlier highly-acclaimed work by the authors. The result is a comprehensive introduction to Lie theory, representation theory, invariant theory, and algebraic groups, in a new presentation that is more accessible to students and includes a broader range of applications.

The philosophy of the earlier book is retained, i.e., presenting the principal theorems of representation theory for the classical matrix groups as motivation for the general theory of reductive groups. The wealth of examples and discussion prepares the reader for the complete arguments now given in the general case.

Key Features of Symmetry, Representations, and Invariants (1) Early chapters suitable for honors undergraduate or beginning graduate courses, requiring only linear algebra, basic abstract algebra, and advanced calculus; (2) Applications to geometry (curvature tensors), topology (Jones polynomial via symmetry), and combinatorics (symmetric group and Young tableaux); (3) Self-contained chapters, appendices, comprehensive bibliography; (4) More than 350 exercises (most with detailed hints for solutions) further explore main concepts; (5) Serves as an excellent main text for a one-year course in Lie group theory; (6) Benefits physicists as well as mathematicians as a reference work.