This book introduces a theory of higher matrix factorizations for regular sequences and uses it to describe the minimal free resolutions of high syzygy modules over complete intersections. Such resolutions have attracted attention ever since the elegant construction of the minimal free resolution of the residue field by Tate in 1957. The theory extends the theory of matrix factorizations of a non-zero divisor, initiated by Eisenbud in 1980, which yields a description of the eventual structure of minimal free resolutions over a hypersurface ring. Matrix factorizations have had many other uses in a wide range of mathematical fields, from singularity theory to mathematical physics.

Differential Geometry of Manifolds, Second Edition presents the extension of differential geometry from curves and surfaces to manifolds in general. The book provides a broad introduction to the field of differentiable and Riemannian manifolds, tying together classical and modern formulations. It introduces manifolds in a both streamlined and mathematically rigorous way while keeping a view toward applications, particularly in physics. The author takes a practical approach, containing extensive exercises and focusing on applications, including the Hamiltonian formulations of mechanics, electromagnetism, string theory. The Second Edition of this successful textbook offers several notable points of revision. New to the Second Edition: New problems have been added and the level of challenge has been changed to the exercises Each section corresponds to a 60-minute lecture period, making it more user-friendly for lecturers Includes new sections which provide more comprehensive coverage of topics Features a new chapter on Multilinear Algebra

The Shape of Space, Third Edition maintains the standard of excellence set by the previous editions. This lighthearted textbook covers the basic geometry and topology of two- and three-dimensional spaces-stretching students' minds as they learn to visualize new possibilities for the shape of our universe. Written by a master expositor, leading researcher in the field, and MacArthur Fellow, its informal exposition and engaging exercises appeal to an exceptionally broad audience, from liberal arts students to math undergraduate and graduate students looking for a clear intuitive understanding to supplement more formal texts, and even to laypeople seeking an entertaining self-study book to expand their understanding of space. Features of the Third Edition: Full-color figures throughout "Picture proofs" have replaced algebraic proofs Simpler handles-and-crosscaps approach to surfaces Updated discussion of cosmological applications Intuitive examples missing from many college and graduate school curricula About the Author: Jeffrey R. Weeks is a freelance geometer living in Canton, New York. With support from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation and several science museums, his work spans pure mathematics, applications in cosmology and-closest to his heart-exposition for the general public.

Solutions Manual to accompany Classical Geometry: Euclidean, Transformational, Inversive, and Projective Written by well-known mathematical problem solvers, Classical Geometry: Euclidean, Transformational, Inversive, and Projective features up-to-date and applicable coverage of the wide spectrum of geometry and aids readers in learning the art of logical reasoning, modeling, and proof. With its reader-friendly approach, this undergraduate text features self-contained topical coverage and provides a large selection of solved exercises to aid in reader comprehension. Material in this text can be tailored for a one-, two-, or three-semester sequence.

This elegant book by distinguished mathematician John Milnor, provides a clear and succinct introduction to one of the most important subjects in modern mathematics. Beginning with basic concepts such as diffeomorphisms and smooth manifolds, he goes on to examine tangent spaces, oriented manifolds, and vector fields. Key concepts such as homotopy, the index number of a map, and the Pontryagin construction are discussed. The author presents proofs of Sard's theorem and the Hopf theorem.

From angles to functions to identities - solve trig equations with ease
Got a grasp on the terms and concepts you need to know, but get lost halfway through a problem or worse yet, not know where to begin? No fear - this hands-on-guide focuses on helping you solve the many types of trigonometry equations you encounter in a focused, step-by-step manner. With just enough refresher explanations before each set of problems, you'll sharpen your skills and improve your performance. You'll see how to work with angles, circles, triangles, graphs, functions, the laws of sines and cosines, and more!
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This book represents a collection of carefully selected geometry problems designed for passionate geometers and students preparing for the IMO. Assuming the theory and the techniques presented in the first two geometry books published by XYZ Press, 106 Geometry Problems from the AwesomeMath Summer Program and 107 Problems from the AwesomeMath Year-Round Program, this book presents a multitude of beautiful synthetic solutions that are meant to give a sense of how one should think about difficult geometry problems. On average, each problem comes with at least two such solutions and with additional remarks about the underlying configuration.

Friedrich Hirzebruch (1927 2012) was a German mathematician, working in the fields of topology, complex manifolds and algebraic geometry, and a leading figure of his generation. Hirzebruch s first great mathematical achievement was the proof, in 1954, of the generalization of the classical Riemann-Roch theorem to higher dimensional complex manifolds, now known as the Hirzebruch-Riemann-Roch theorem. This used the new techniques of sheaf cohomology and was one of the centerpieces of the explosion of new results in geometry and topology during the 1950s. Further generalization of this led to the Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch theorem, and the Atiyah-Singer index theorem. He received many awards and honors, including the Wolf prize in 1988, the Lobachevsky prize in 1990, and fifteen honorary doctorates. These two volumes collect the majority of his research papers, which cover a variety of topics."

This extensive selection of William Feller's scientific papers shows the breadth of his oeuvre as well as the historical development of his scientific interests. Six seminal papers - originally written in German - on the central limit theorem, the law of large numbers, the foundations of probability theory, stochastic processes and mathematical biology are now, for the first time, available in English. The material is accompanied by detailed scholarly comments on Feller's work and its impact, a complete bibliography, a list of his PhD students as well as a biographic sketch of his life with a sample of pictures from Feller's family album. Volume I covers the early years 1928-1949, featuring the celebrated Lindeberg-Feller Central Limit Theorem, while Volume II contains papers from 1950-1971 when the theory of Feller processes and boundaries had been developed. William Feller was one of the leading mathematicians in the development of probability theory in the 20th cent ury. His work continues to be highly influential, in particular in the theory of stochastic processes, limit theorems and applications of mathematics to biology. These volumes will be of value to all those interested in probability theory, analysis, mathematical biology and the history of mathematics.

First published in 1987, the seven chapters that comprise this book review contemporary work on the geometric side of robotics. The first chapter defines the fundamental goal of robotics in very broad terms and outlines a research agenda each of whose items constitutes a substantial area for further research. The second chapter presents recently developed techniques that have begun to address the geometric side of this research agenda and the third reviews several applied geometric ideas central to contemporary work on the problem of motion planning. The use of Voronoi diagrams, a theme opened in these chapters, is explored further later in the book. The fourth chapter develops a theme in computational geometry having obvious significance for the simplification of practical robotics problems - the approximation or decomposition of complex geometric objects into simple ones. The final chapters treat two examples of a class of geometric 'reconstruction' problem that have immediate application to computer-aided geometric design systems.

This extensive selection of William Feller's scientific papers shows the breadth of his oeuvre as well as the historical development of his scientific interests. Six seminal papers - originally written in German - on the central limit theorem, the law of large numbers, the foundations of probability theory, stochastic processes and mathematical biology are now, for the first time, available in English. The material is accompanied by detailed scholarly comments on Feller's work and its impact, a complete bibliography, a list of his PhD students as well as a biographic sketch of his life with a sample of pictures from Feller's family album. William Feller was one of the leading mathematicians in the development of probability theory in the 20th century. His work continues to be highly influential, in particular in the theory of stochastic processes, limit theorems and applications of mathematics to biology. These volumes will be of value to all those interested in probability t heory, analysis, mathematical biology and the history of mathematics.

Lucid, well-written introduction to elementary geometry usually included in undergraduate and first-year graduate courses in mathematics. Topics include vector algebra in the plane, circles and coaxal systems, mappings of the Euclidean plane, similitudes, isometries, mappings of the intensive plane, much more. Over 500 exercises. "...lucid and masterly survey."-Math. Gazette.

This remarkable book has endured as a true masterpiece of mathematical exposition. There are few mathematics books that are still so widely read and continue to have so much to offer-even after more than half a century has passed! The book is overflowing with mathematical ideas, which are always explained clearly and elegantly, and above all, with penetrating insight. It is a joy to read, both for beginners and experienced mathematicians. "Hilbert and Cohn-Vossen" is full of interesting facts, many of which you wish you had known before. It's also likely that you have heard those facts before, but surely wondered where they could be found. The book begins with examples of the simplest curves and surfaces, including thread constructions of certain quadrics and other surfaces. The chapter on regular systems of points leads to the crystallographic groups and the regular polyhedra in R3. In this chapter, they also discuss plane lattices. By considering unit lattices, and throwing in a small amount of number theory when necessary, they effortlessly derive Leibniz's series: ?/4=1?1/3+1/5?1/7+?.... In the section on lattices in three and more dimensions, the authors consider sphere-packing problems, including the famous Kepler problem. One of the most remarkable chapters is "Projective Configurations". In a short introductory section, Hilbert and Cohn-Vossen give perhaps the most concise and lucid description of why a general geometer would care about projective geometry and why such an ostensibly plain setup is truly rich in structure and ideas. Here, we see regular polyhedra again, from a different perspective. One of the high points of the chapter is the discussion of Schlafli's Double-Six, which leads to the description of the 27 lines on the general smooth cubic surface. As is true throughout the book, the magnificent drawings in this chapter immeasurably help the reader. A particularly intriguing section in the chapter on differential geometry is Eleven Properties of the Sphere. Which eleven properties of such a ubiquitous mathematical object caught their discerning eye and why? Many mathematicians are familiar with the plaster models of surfaces found in many mathematics departments. The book includes pictures of some of the models that are found in the Goettingen collection. Furthermore, the mysterious lines that mark these surfaces are finally explained! The chapter on kinematics includes a nice discussion of linkages and the geometry of configurations of points and rods that are connected and, perhaps, constrained in some way. This topic in geometry has become increasingly important in recent times, especially in applications to robotics. This is another example of a simple situation that leads to a rich geometry. It would be hard to overestimate the continuing influence Hilbert-Cohn-Vossen's book has had on mathematicians of this century. It surely belongs in the "pantheon" of great mathematics books.

In this book, trigonometry is presented mainly through the solution of specific problems. The problems are meant to help the reader consolidate their knowledge of the subject. In addition, they serve to motivate and provide context for the concepts, definitions, and results as they are presented. In this way, it enables a more active mastery of the subject, directly linking the results of the theory with their applications. Some historical notes are also embedded in selected chapters.The problems in the book are selected from a variety of disciplines, such as physics, medicine, architecture, and so on. They include solving triangles, trigonometric equations, and their applications. Taken together, the problems cover the entirety of material contained in a standard trigonometry course which is studied in high school and college.We have also added some interesting, in our opinion, entertainment problems. To solve them, no special knowledge is required. While they are not directly related to the subject of the book, they reflect its spirit and contribute to a more lighthearted reading of the material.

In the last years there has been significant progress in the theory of valuations, which in turn has led to important achievements in integral geometry. This book originated from two courses delivered by the authors at the CRM and provides a self-contained introduction to these topics, covering most of the recent advances. The first part, by Semyon Alesker, provides an introduction to the theory of convex valuations with emphasis on recent developments. In particular, it presents the new structures on the space of valuations discovered after Alesker's irreducibility theorem. The newly developed theory of valuations on manifolds is also described. In the second part, Joseph H. G. Fu gives a modern introduction to integral geometry in the sense of Blaschke and Santalo. The approach is new and based on the notions and tools presented in the first part. This original viewpoint not only enlightens the classical integral geometry of euclidean space, but it also allows the computation of kinematic formulas in other geometries, such as hermitian spaces. The book will appeal to graduate students and interested researchers from related fields including convex, stochastic, and differential geometry.

This book is an extended and revised version of "Numerical Semigroups with Applications," published by Springer as part of the RSME series. Like the first edition, it presents applications of numerical semigroups in Algebraic Geometry, Number Theory and Coding Theory. It starts by discussing the basic notions related to numerical semigroups and those needed to understand semigroups associated with irreducible meromorphic series. It then derives a series of applications in curves and factorization invariants. A new chapter is included, which offers a detailed review of ideals for numerical semigroups. Based on this new chapter, descriptions of the module of Kahler differentials for an algebroid curve and for a polynomial curve are provided. Moreover, the concept of tame degree has been included, and is viewed in relation to other factorization invariants appearing in the first edition. This content highlights new applications of numerical semigroups and their ideals, following in the spirit of the first edition.

Over the past three decades there has been a total revolution in the classic branch of mathematics called 3-dimensional topology, namely the discovery that most solid 3-dimensional shapes are hyperbolic 3-manifolds. This book introduces and explains hyperbolic geometry and hyperbolic 3- and 2-dimensional manifolds in the first two chapters and then goes on to develop the subject. The author discusses the profound discoveries of the astonishing features of these 3-manifolds, helping the reader to understand them without going into long, detailed formal proofs. The book is heavily illustrated with pictures, mostly in color, that help explain the manifold properties described in the text. Each chapter ends with a set of exercises and explorations that both challenge the reader to prove assertions made in the text, and suggest further topics to explore that bring additional insight. There is an extensive index and bibliography.

This book will contain lectures given by four eminent speakers at the Recent Advances in Operator Theory and Operator Algebras conference held at the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, India in 2014. The main aim of this book is to bring together various results in one place with cogent introduction and references for further study.

This book surveys the mathematical and computational properties of finite sets of points in the plane, covering recent breakthroughs on important problems in discrete geometry, and listing many open problems. It unifies these mathematical and computational views using forbidden configurations, which are patterns that cannot appear in sets with a given property, and explores the implications of this unified view. Written with minimal prerequisites and featuring plenty of figures, this engaging book will be of interest to undergraduate students and researchers in mathematics and computer science. Most topics are introduced with a related puzzle or brain-teaser. The topics range from abstract issues of collinearity, convexity, and general position to more applied areas including robust statistical estimation and network visualization, with connections to related areas of mathematics including number theory, graph theory, and the theory of permutation patterns. Pseudocode is included for many algorithms that compute properties of point sets.

From the preface: "Hopf algebras, Hopf fibration of spheres, Hopf-Rinow complete Riemannian manifolds, Hopf theorem on the ends of groups - can one imagine modern mathematics without all this? Many other concepts and methods, fundamental in various mathematical disciplines, also go back directly or indirectly to the work of Heinz Hopf: homological algebra, singularities of vector fields and characteristic classes, group-like spaces, global differential geometry, and the whole algebraisation of topology with its influence on group theory, analysis and algebraic geometry. It is astonishing to realize that this oeuvre of a whole scientific life consists of only about 70 writings. Astonishing also the transparent and clear style, the concreteness of the problems, and how abstract and far-reaching the methods Hopf invented."

After the development of manifolds and algebraic varieties in the previous century, mathematicians and physicists have continued to advance concepts of space. This book and its companion explore various new notions of space, including both formal and conceptual points of view, as presented by leading experts at the New Spaces in Mathematics and Physics workshop held at the Institut Henri Poincare in 2015. The chapters in this volume cover a broad range of topics in mathematics, including diffeologies, synthetic differential geometry, microlocal analysis, topos theory, infinity-groupoids, homotopy type theory, category-theoretic methods in geometry, stacks, derived geometry, and noncommutative geometry. It is addressed primarily to mathematicians and mathematical physicists, but also to historians and philosophers of these disciplines.

An undergraduate introduction to the fundamentals of topology - engagingly written, filled with helpful insights, complete with many stimulating and imaginative exercises to help students develop a solid grasp of the subject.

This bestselling author team explains concepts simply and clearly, without glossing over difficult points. Problem solving and mathematical modeling are introduced early and reinforced throughout, providing students with a solid foundation in the principles of mathematical thinking. Comprehensive and evenly paced, the book provides complete coverage of the function concept, and integrates a significant amount of graphing calculator material to help students develop insight into mathematical ideas. The authors' attention to detail and clarity—the same as found in James Stewart's market-leading Calculus book—is what makes this book the market leader.

Following on from the success of Fractal Geometry: Mathematical Foundations and Applications, this new sequel presents a variety of techniques in current use for studying the mathematics of fractals. Much of the material presented in this book has come to the fore in recent years. This includes methods for studying dimensions and other parameters of fractal sets and measures, as well as more sophisticated techniques such as the thermodynamic formalism and tangent measures. In addition to general theory, many examples and applications are described, in areas such as differential equations and harmonic analysis. The book is mathematically precise, but aims to give an intuitive feel for the subject, with underlying concepts described in a clear and accessible manner. The reader is assumed to be familiar with material from Fractal Geometry, but the main ideas and notation are reviewed in the first two chapters. Each chapter ends with brief notes on the development and current state of the subject. Exercises are included to reinforce the concepts. The author’s clear style and the up-to-date coverage of the subject make this book essential reading for all those who wish to develop their understanding of fractal geometry. Also available: Fractal Geometry: Mathematical Foundations and Applications Hardback ISBN 0-471-92287-0 Paperback ISBN 0-471-96777-7

This book is the third of a three-volume set of books on the theory of algebras, a study that provides a consistent framework for understanding algebraic systems, including groups, rings, modules, semigroups and lattices. Volume I, first published in the 1980s, built the foundations of the theory and is considered to be a classic in this field. The long-awaited volumes II and III are now available. Taken together, the three volumes provide a comprehensive picture of the state of art in general algebra today, and serve as a valuable resource for anyone working in the general theory of algebraic systems or in related fields. The two new volumes are arranged around six themes first introduced in Volume I. Volume II covers the Classification of Varieties, Equational Logic, and Rudiments of Model Theory, and Volume III covers Finite Algebras and their Clones, Abstract Clone Theory, and the Commutator. These topics are presented in six chapters with independent expositions, but are linked by themes and motifs that run through all three volumes.