This book presents ground-breaking advances in the domain of causal structure learning. The problem of distinguishing cause from effect ("Does altitude cause a change in atmospheric pressure, or vice versa?") is here cast as a binary classification problem, to be tackled by machine learning algorithms. Based on the results of the ChaLearn Cause-Effect Pairs Challenge, this book reveals that the joint distribution of two variables can be scrutinized by machine learning algorithms to reveal the possible existence of a "causal mechanism", in the sense that the values of one variable may have been generated from the values of the other. This book provides both tutorial material on the state-of-the-art on cause-effect pairs and exposes the reader to more advanced material, with a collection of selected papers. Supplemental material includes videos, slides, and code which can be found on the workshop website. Discovering causal relationships from observational data will become increasingly important in data science with the increasing amount of available data, as a means of detecting potential triggers in epidemiology, social sciences, economy, biology, medicine, and other sciences.

A comprehensive resource on airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, Airborne Circulatory Polarized SAR explains the theory, system design, hardware and software, and applications of airborne circularly polarized SAR in environmental monitoring and other uses. Readers learn how to build the hardware and software of circularly polarized SAR, the antenna system, and how to generate point target responses and images using the range doppler algorithm (RDA) from raw signal data. The book discusses applications and analyzing techniques using a circularly polarized SAR system and image processing. Images and MATLAB codes are provided to help professionals and researchers with their applications and future studies. Features 1. Provides the theory of circularly polarized wave and polarimetry related to system design, scattering analysis, polarimetric SAR, and applications in microwave remote sensing. 2. Explains the real radio frequency (RF) system and the original antenna, including circuit explanation and know-how of measurement technique to adjust to the required parameter in system design. 3. Discusses the technique of ground test and flight mission to calibrate and validate the performance of airborne circularly polarized SAR. 4. Highlights image signal processing with MATLAB codes and how to obtain a single look complex (SLC) image for further applications. 5. Includes several applications of airborne circularly polarized SAR from international leading experts. This book is beneficial to professionals, researchers, academics, and graduate students from disciplines such as Electronic Engineering; Radar Systems; Aerospace Engineering; Signal Processing; Image Processing; Environmental Remote Sensing.

Since the publishing of the first edition of Classification Methods for Remotely Sensed Data in 2001, the field of pattern recognition has expanded in many new directions that make use of new technologies to capture data and more powerful computers to mine and process it. What seemed visionary but a decade ago is now being put to use and refined in commercial applications as well as military ones.

Keeping abreast of these new developments, Classification Methods for Remotely Sensed Data, Second Edition provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the entire field of classification methods applied to remotely sensed data. This second edition provides seven fully revised chapters and two new chapters covering support vector machines (SVM) and decision trees. It includes updated discussions and descriptions of Earth observation missions along with updated bibliographic references. After an introduction to the basics, the text provides a detailed discussion of different approaches to image classification, including maximum likelihood, fuzzy sets, and artificial neural networks.

This cutting-edge resource:

• Presents a number of approaches to solving the problem of allocation of data to one of several classes
• Covers potential approaches to the use of decision trees
• Describes developments such as boosting and random forest generation
• Reviews lopping branches that do not contribute to the effectiveness of the decision trees

Complete with detailed comparisons, experimental results, and discussions for each classification method introduced, this book will bolster the work of researchers and developers by giving them access to new developments. It also provides students with a solid foundation in remote sensing data classification methods.

This text discusses the applications and optimization of emerging smart technologies in the field of healthcare. It further explains different modeling scenarios of the latest technologies in the health care system and compare the results to better understand the nature and progress of the disease in the human body that leads to early diagnosis and better cure of disease and treatment with the help of distributed technology. Covers the implementation models using technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning with distributed systems for better diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Gives in-depth review of the technological advancements like advanced sensing technologies like Plasmonic sensors, usage of RFIDs and electronic diagnostic tools in the field of healthcare engineering Discusses possibilities of augmented reality and virtual reality interventions for providing unique solutions in medical science, clinical research, psychology, and neurological disorders Highlights the future challenges and risks involved in the application of smart technologies like Cloud computing, fog computing, IOT and distributed computing in heathcare. Confers to utilize the AI and ML and associated aids in healthcare sectors in the post Covid 19 to revitalize the medical set up Contributions included in the book will motivate the technological developers and researchers to develop new algorithms and protocols in healthcare field. It will serve as the vast place for knowledge regarding healthcare health care delivery, health care management, health care in governance, and health monitoring approaches using distributed environments. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and researchers in diverse engineering fields including electrical, electronics and communication, computer, and biomedical.

Create lush terrains and atmospheres in Vue and enhance your knowledge of all the features in this software such as lighting, cameras, and Python scripting. Ami and Vladimir Chopine, from GeekAtPlay.com guide you through 17 stand-alone tutorials, each with a different focus on the key components of Vue. The companion website includes brand new video tutorials from Geekatplay as well as materials, atmosphere settings, image maps, models, project files, and completed images and animations.
* This officially certified guide takes you through the basic principles to lay a foundation for more advanced concepts such as the function editor, the new Metanodes, software integration, and Python scripting
*Companion website includes new video tutorials from GeekAtPlay.com, as well as project files, images, atmosphere settings, materials, models, image maps, and animations
*Written by Ami & Vladimir Chopine - the founders of GeekAtPlay.com

Audio/Video (AV) systems and Information Technology (IT) have collided. IT is being leveraged to create compelling video systems and AV workflows. As a broadcast, multimedia, video, or IT professional, you have expereinced the wave of hybrid systems and challenges assoicated with these. Video Systems in an IT Environment has help thousands understand how to work with these convergent technologies and systems. World-renowned educator and speaker Al Kovalick adds his witty style to this text making the book an enjoyable learning experience for you.
Now in it's second edition, this book includes: IT integration, AV networking, storage systems, file and metadata formats, SOA and Web services, ROI review, transcoding examples and workflow, software platforms, reliability, element management, security, AV technology, transition issues, real-world case studies and much more. Each chapter weaves together IT and AV techniques providing the reader with actionable information on the issues, processes and principles of seamless AV/IT systems integration.
* New updated edition contains: Web 2.0, more on SOA and Web services, storage update, ROI review, JPEG 2000, transcoding examples and workflow
* Packed with over 225 unique industry illustrations and diagrams
* Supported with 11 Appendixes covering interesting and diverse topics

Have you ever considered using Photoshop to create fine art? Photoshop is usually used for enhancing photos, but this extremely powerful software package is capable of so much more. Every feature, from brushes to background, can be customised and optimised for artistic effect. With a little guidance from a pro, your photoshop results can go from competent retouching of images to visually stunning re-interpretations of them, turning everyday pictures into breathtaking works of art. In this beautiful and inspiring book, acclaimed artist, author and lecturer Susan Bloom shows you how to do just that. Starting with the fundamentals: creating your own artistic brushes and textured papers virtually, she goes on to demonstrate how to create a variety of classic artistic styles in Photoshop, with chapters on watercolours, pastels, charcoal and oil. Further chapters cover illustration techniques in photoshop, and using third-party software to create painterly effects. While the results are highly polished and realistic, this is not a book written specifically for artists. The techniques are aimed squarely at the Photoshop user looking to broaden their pallette, with emphasis on altering photographs to create artwork, rather than creating artwork from scratch. Beautifully written, clearly laid out, and guaranteeing inspiring results, this book is a must-have for every Photoshop user.

This essential guide for intermediate/advanced photographers has now been fully updated for Elements 7. Bestselling author and Elements guru Philip Andrews turns his expansive knowledge to this powerful application, delivering, once again, a practical approach in a crystal-clear writing style. For the advanced Elements user, this book offers a standalone guide to advancing knowledge of the software. For those with a little less experience, it works seamlessly in conjunction with Philip's other Elements guide: "Adobe Photoshop Elements 7: A visual introduction to digital photography." Philip expands on the solid foundation delivered by that title to deliver a master-guide that shows you just how powerful this deceptively simple software package can be. Throughout the book, Philip takes a pro's approach, emphasising a streamlined, non-destructive workflow. Diverse chapters cover the entire spectrum of photographic potential offered by the software, including key areas such as: darkroom techniques, advanced selection techniques, professional retouching, photo restoration, panoramas, collages, RAW processing and printing. Additionally, the content is supplemented by extra great learning tools available on a brand new website including; downloadable resources, and Elements vodcasts. Essential reading for all photographers using Elements 7.

If you're comfortable using the basic features of Lightroom, but really want to push the envelope with this powerful software, 'Inside Lightroom' by acclaimed photographer and Lightroom Beta-tester Richard Earney is a must-have.
Bypassing the obvious features covered in a variety of existing Lightroom books, Richard focuses on customizing Lightroom to suit your workflow. For example, he covers using presets to automate the way Lightroom deals with photos, optimizing your Lightroom workflow for your own hardware and preferences. He covers sophisticated calibration techniques, helping you render your pictures accurately both onscreen and in print. Basically -- the hidden information for this powerful software. Unlike the other 'guides' on the market, this book doesn't tell you what you already know. Instead, it focuses on what you don't.
'Inside Lightroom' also showcases the brand-new features of the software, available only in Lightroom 2.0, so if you have recently upgraded from Lightroom 1, this book will help you reap the benefits of your investment.
Practical, jargon-free and full of stunning images, Richard Earney's book should be on the shelf of every Lightroom user.
* No-nonsense guide shows you the advanced features so you can use the power of Lightroom to speed up your workflow
* Includes in-depth information on presets enabling you to customize Lightroom, whatever your style
* Written by Richard Earney, established expert on Lightroom

Use color to improve your storytelling, deliver critical emotional cues, and add impact to you videos. This book shows you how to analyze color correction problems and solve them- whatever NLE or plugin you use.
Experienced editors and colorists in their own right, the authors also include the wisdom of top colorists, directors of photography, and color scientists to deliver this insightful and authoritative presentation of the theory and practice of color correction.
The book provides technical insight into how to effectively color correct your video, also delving into how color can impact storytelling and deliver critical emotional cues. The new edition also includes 2 new "Quickstart Tutorials," a new chapter on how color impacts storytelling, information on the impact HD has had on the correcting process, and updated application specifications. The companion DVD features new and more robust tutorial media.
* Application agnostic, step-by-step instruction for an array of color correcting concepts and solutions
* Effectively use color to improve your storytelling, deliver critical emotional cues, and add overall impact to your media
* Companion DVD contains tutorial media for hands-on exercises

This book explores the application of deep learning techniques within a particularly difficult computational type of computer vision (CV) problem super-resolution (SR). The authors present and discuss ways to apply computational intelligence (CI) methods to SR. The volume also explores the possibility of using different kinds of CV techniques to develop and enhance the tools/processes related to SR. The application areas covered include biomedical engineering, healthcare applications, medicine, histology, and material science. The book will be a valuable reference for anyone concerned with multiple multimodal images, especially professionals working in remote sensing, nanotechnology and immunology at research institutes, healthcare facilities, biotechnology institutions, agribusiness services, veterinary facilities, and universities.

This book opens with an introduction to the main purpose and tasks of the GIANA challenge, as well as a summary and an analysis of the results and performance obtained by the 20 participating teams. The early and accurate diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases is critical for increasing the chances of patient survival, and efficient screening is vital for locating precursor lesions. Video colonoscopy and wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) are the gold-standard tools for colon and intestinal tract screening, respectively. Yet these tools still present some drawbacks, such as lesion miss rate, lack of in vivo diagnosis capabilities, and perforation risk. To mitigate these, computer-aided detection/diagnosis systems can play a key role in assisting clinicians in the different stages of the exploration. This book presents the latest, state-of-the-art approaches in this field, and also tackles the clinical considerations required to efficiently deploy these systems in the exploration room. The coverage draws upon results from the Gastrointestinal Image Analysis (GIANA) Challenge, part of the EndoVis satellite events of the conferences MICCAI 2017 and 2018. Each method proposed to address the different subtasks of the challenges is detailed in a separate chapter, offering a deep insight into this topic of interest for public health. This book appeals to researchers, practitioners, and lecturers spanning both the computer vision and gastroenterology communities.

A timely and authoritative guide to the state of the art of wave scattering

Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves offers in three volumes a complete and up-to-date treatment of wave scattering by random discrete scatterers and rough surfaces. Written by leading scientists who have made important contributions to wave scattering over three decades, this new work explains the principles, methods, and applications of this rapidly expanding, interdisciplinary field. It covers both introductory and advanced material and provides students and researchers in remote sensing as well as imaging, optics, and electromagnetic theory with a one-stop reference to a wealth of current research results. Plus, Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves contains detailed discussions of both analytical and numerical methods, including cutting-edge techniques for the recovery of earth/land parametric information.

The three volumes are entitled respectively Theories and Applications, Numerical Simulation, and Advanced Topics. In the second volume, Numerical Simulations, Leung Tsang (University of Washington) Jin Au Kong (MIT), Kung-Hau Ding (Air Force Research Lab), and Chi On Ao (MIT) cover:

• Layered media simulations
• Rough surface and volume scattering simulations
• Dense media models and simulations
• Electromagnetic scattering by discrete scatterers and a buried object
• Scattering by vertical cylinders above a surface
• Electromagnetic waves scattering by vegetation
• Computational methods and programs used for performing various simulations

Companies are spending billions on machine learning projects, but it's money wasted if the models can't be deployed effectively. In this practical guide, Hannes Hapke and Catherine Nelson walk you through the steps of automating a machine learning pipeline using the TensorFlow ecosystem. You'll learn the techniques and tools that will cut deployment time from days to minutes, so that you can focus on developing new models rather than maintaining legacy systems. Data scientists, machine learning engineers, and DevOps engineers will discover how to go beyond model development to successfully productize their data science projects, while managers will better understand the role they play in helping to accelerate these projects. Understand the steps to build a machine learning pipeline Build your pipeline using components from TensorFlow Extended Orchestrate your machine learning pipeline with Apache Beam, Apache Airflow, and Kubeflow Pipelines Work with data using TensorFlow Data Validation and TensorFlow Transform Analyze a model in detail using TensorFlow Model Analysis Examine fairness and bias in your model performance Deploy models with TensorFlow Serving or TensorFlow Lite for mobile devices Learn privacy-preserving machine learning techniques

Go beyond the mechanics of Final Cut Express 4--learn how to edit with it! More than a button-pushing manual--this workshop give you firsthand experience with the art and technique of editing. You develop a working knowledge with nineteen tutorials that cover each and every essential, including:
* setting up your system and understanding the interface
* ingesting and organizing your material including drive-based and disc-based camera data
* slicing, dicing, and organizing clips
* editing to build and trim a sequence of shots
* adding transitions
* using sound to refine your edit
* titling with FCE and Photoshop
* animating images to create engaging scenes
* adding special effects filters
* compositing to enhance your projects
* outputting your material
The companion DVD contains project media, demo software, and free plug-ins for your use.
* Nineteen tutorial lessons give you firsthand experience with the art and technique of editing
* Covers every essential activity from system set-up to outputting your material
* The companion DVD contains project media files, demo software and plug-ins

This book offers readers fresh insights on applying Extended Reality to Digital Anatomy, a novel emerging discipline. Indeed, the way professors teach anatomy in classrooms is changing rapidly as novel technology-based approaches become ever more accessible. Recent studies show that Virtual (VR), Augmented (AR), and Mixed-Reality (MR) can improve both retention and learning outcomes. Readers will find relevant tutorials about three-dimensional reconstruction techniques to perform virtual dissections. Several chapters serve as practical manuals for students and trainers in anatomy to refresh or develop their Digital Anatomy skills. We developed this book as a support tool for collaborative efforts around Digital Anatomy, especially in distance learning, international and interdisciplinary contexts. We aim to leverage source material in this book to support new Digital Anatomy courses and syllabi in interdepartmental, interdisciplinary collaborations. Digital Anatomy - Applications of Virtual, Mixed and Augmented Reality provides a valuable tool to foster cross-disciplinary dialogues between anatomists, surgeons, radiologists, clinicians, computer scientists, course designers, and industry practitioners. It is the result of a multidisciplinary exercise and will undoubtedly catalyze new specialties and collaborative Master and Doctoral level courses world-wide. In this perspective, the UNESCO Chair in digital anatomy was created at the Paris Descartes University in 2015 (www.anatomieunesco.org). It aims to federate the education of anatomy around university partners from all over the world, wishing to use these new 3D modeling techniques of the human body.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th IFIP WG 12.5 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations, AIAI 2021, held virtually and in Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, in June 2021. The 50 full papers and 11 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 113 submissions. They cover a broad range of topics related to technical, legal, and ethical aspects of artificial intelligence systems and their applications and are organized in the following sections: adaptive modeling/ neuroscience; AI in biomedical applications; AI impacts/ big data; automated machine learning; autonomous agents; clustering; convolutional NN; data mining/ word counts; deep learning; fuzzy modeling; hyperdimensional computing; Internet of Things/ Internet of energy; machine learning; multi-agent systems; natural language; recommendation systems; sentiment analysis; and smart blockchain applications/ cybersecurity. Chapter "Improving the Flexibility of Production Scheduling in Flat Steel Production Through Standard and AI-based Approaches: Challenges and Perspective" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Software packages are complex. Software books don't need to be. Simplify your life with The Focal Easy Guide to Final Cut Pro! This concise, full-color book lives up to its name by paring down the software to its essentials. You learn the key features and essential workflow to get you up and running in no time. With this book you can start cutting immediately, whatever you edit, whatever the format. This is an ideal introduction whether you are a professional moving over to Final Cut Pro from another package or system, a new user, or just someone who wants to get the best results from Final Cut Pro, fast!

Image processing comprises a broad variety of methods that operate on images to produce another image. A unique textbook, Introduction to Image Processing and Analysis establishes the programming involved in image processing and analysis by utilizing skills in C compiler and both Windows and MacOS programming environments. The provided mathematical background illustrates the workings of algorithms and emphasizes the practical reasons for using certain methods, their effects on images, and their appropriate applications. The text concentrates on image processing and measurement and details the implementation of many of the most widely used and most important image processing and analysis algorithms. Homework problems are included in every chapter with solutions available for download from the CRC Press website The chapters work together to combine image processing with image analysis. The book begins with an explanation of familiar pixel array and goes on to describe the use of frequency space. Chapters 1 and 2 deal with the algorithms used in processing steps that are usually accomplished by a combination of measurement and processing operations, as described in chapters 3 and 4. The authors present each concept using a mixture of three mutually supportive tools: a description of the procedure with example images, the relevant mathematical equations behind each concept, and the simple source code (in C), which illustrates basic operations. In particularly, the source code provides a starting point to develop further modifications. Written by John Russ, author of esteemed Image Processing Handbook now in its fifth edition, this book demonstrates functions to improve an image's of features and detail visibility, improve images for printing or transmission, and facilitate subsequent analysis.

One of the most important technologies a photographer can master is shooting and working with raw images. However, figuring out the best way to work with raw files can be confusing and overwhelming. What's the advantage to working in raw? How do you manage, organize, and store raw files? What's the best way to process your files to meet your photographic needs? How do Photoshop, Lightroom and Adobe Camera Raw work together? Is it possible to keep your photos in the raw format and still enhance them extensively? Philip Andrews answers these questions and more in his all-new essential raw workflow guide. Whether you are a beginner just starting to explore the intricacies of shooting raw, or a seasoned pro looking for a better workflow, this book provides all of the information you need to know to create stunning images from your raw files. As well as covering the most popular raw software packages such as Adobe Camera Raw and Lightroom, it provides general information that you will find useful no matter which software you prefer. Clear, precise step-by-step instructions will help you get from start to finish with essential tips and tricks along the way. Packed with inspirational images and clearly marked screenshots pointing out the exact information you need, you'll be on your way to creating a better, faster, and more efficient raw workflow in no time.

This book serves as the first guideline of the integrative approach, optimal for our new and young generations. Recent technology advancements in computer vision, IoT sensors, and analytics open the door to highly impactful innovations and applications as a result of effective and efficient integration of those. Such integration has brought to scientists and engineers a new approach -the integrative approach. This offers far more rapid development and scalable architecting when comparing to the traditional hardcore developmental approach. Featuring biomedical and healthcare challenges including COVID-19, we present a collection of carefully selective cases with significant added- values as a result of integrations, e.g., sensing with AI, analytics with different data sources, and comprehensive monitoring with many different sensors, while sustaining its readability.

This practical introduction focuses on how to design integrated solutions for industrial vision tasks from individual algorithms. The book is now available in a revised second edition that takes into account the current technological developments, including camera technology and color imaging processing. It gives a hands-on guide for setting up automated visual inspection systems using real-world examples and the NeuroCheck (R) standard software that has proven industrial strength integrated in thousands of applications in real-world production lines. Based on many years of experience in industry, the authors explain all the essential details encountered in the creation of vision system installations. With example material and a demo version of the software found on "extras.springer.com" readers can work their way through the described inspection tasks and carry out their own experiments.

Written by a game developer and professor trained in architecture, An Architectural Approach to Level Design is one of the first books to integrate architectural and spatial design theory with the field of level design. It explores the principles of level design through the context and history of architecture. Now in its second edition, An Architectural Approach to Level Design presents architectural techniques and theories for you to use in your own work. The author connects architecture and level design in different ways that address the practical elements of how designers construct space and the experiential elements of how and why humans interact with that space. It also addresses industry issues like how to build interesting tutorial levels and how to use computer-generated level design systems without losing the player-focused design of handmade levels. Throughout the text, you will learn skills for spatial layout, evoking emotion through gamespaces, and creating better levels through architectural theory. FEATURES Presents case studies that offer insight on modern level design practices, methods, and tools Presents perspectives from industry designers, independent game developers, scientists, psychologists, and academics Explores how historical structures can teach us about good level design Shows how to use space to guide or elicit emotion from players Includes chapter exercises that encourage you to use principles from the chapter in digital prototypes, playtesting sessions, paper mock-ups, and design journals Bringing together topics in game design and architecture, this book helps you create better spaces for your games. Software independent, the book discusses tools and techniques that you can use in crafting your interactive worlds.

Brimming with beautiful pictures, this successful book guides you through a project-based, progressive curriculum so that you can build all the essential skills to enhance photographs creatively and professionally with Photoshop CS3. If you are an aspiring professional, enthusiastic amateur photographer, or a student learning photography, digital imaging, art and design, or design graphics, you'll be amazed at the stunning results you can achieve! New! Downloadable resources are included FREE. Additional learning materials include * full-resolution, royalty-free images to download for trying-out your new techniques * over 8 hours of QuickTime movie tutorials to support the practical projects * Presets from layer styles to curves, shapes, and gradients * indispensable RAW files for editing practice And don't miss the companion website with updates, practice material, and more at www.photoshopessentialskills.com! "The perfect companion guide for Photoshop users of multiple levels." Photoshop Creative Magazine "This book provides excellent coverage of Photoshop as a digital darkroom tool, as well as covering a truly amazing amount of background information. It is very readable and is truly a gem." Mark Lewis, Director, Mount Saint Mary College, USA The Essential Skills Photography Series from Focal Press uniquely offers a structured learning experience for photographers of all ages, with both the underlying theory and loads of invaluable 'how to' and real-life practice projects - all from the most talented photography practitioners/educators in the world. Each subject includes: * learning objectives for each section - for class use or self-study * color images of student and teacher/author work * activities to check learning outcomes * assignments to put theories into creative practice * full glossary of terms Other titles in the series: Studio Photography: Essential Skills by John Child, Photographic Lighting: Essential Skills by John Child and Mark Galer and Digital Photography in Available Light by Mark Galer.

Master the art and technique of blue and greenscreen compositing with this comprehensive how-to course in creating effective and realistic composited scenes in video formats. You get clear, understandable explanations of the different types of keying techniques and how they work, including real-world examples and tutorials. Topics include setting up a greenscreen studio, how to light the screen effectively, how to light the talent or foreground material, and matching lighting to the composited background plate. Complete tutorials of each of the major software keyers walk you through the process for creating a clean and accurate composite.