The First International Congress of the International Society for Analysis, its Applications and Computations (ISAAC'97) was held at the University of Delaware from 3 to 7 June 1997. As specified in the invitation of the President Professor Robert P. Gilbert of the ISAAC, we organized the session on Reproducing Kerneis and Their Applications. In our session, we presented 24 engaging talks on topics of current interest to the research community. As suggested and organized by Professor Gilbert, we hereby publish its Proceedings. Rather than restricting the papers to Congress participants, we asked the Ieading mathematicians in the field of the theory of reproducing kern eIs to submit papers. However, due to time restrietions and a compulsion to limit the Proceedings a reasonable size, we were unable to obtain a comprehensive treatment of the theory of reproducing kernels. Nevertheless, we hope this Proceedings of the First International Conference on reproducing kerneis will become a significant reference volume. Indeed, we believe that the theory of reproducing kernels will stand out as a fundamental and beautiful contribution in mathematical sciences with a broad array of applications to other areas of mathematics and science. We would like to thank Professor Robert Gilbert for his substantial contri bu tions to the Congress and to our Proceedings. We also express our sincere thanks to the staff of the University of Delaware for their manifold cooperation in organizing the Congress."

It is well known that the normal distribution is the most pleasant, one can even say, an exemplary object in the probability theory. It combines almost all conceivable nice properties that a distribution may ever have: symmetry, stability, indecomposability, a regular tail behavior, etc. Gaussian measures (the distributions of Gaussian random functions), as infinite-dimensional analogues of tht< classical normal distribution, go to work as such exemplary objects in the theory of Gaussian random functions. When one switches to the infinite dimension, some "one-dimensional" properties are extended almost literally, while some others should be profoundly justified, or even must be reconsidered. What is more, the infinite-dimensional situation reveals important links and structures, which either have looked trivial or have not played an independent role in the classical case. The complex of concepts and problems emerging here has become a subject of the theory of Gaussian random functions and their distributions, one of the most advanced fields of the probability science. Although the basic elements in this field were formed in the sixties-seventies, it has been still until recently when a substantial part of the corresponding material has either existed in the form of odd articles in various journals, or has served only as a background for considering some special issues in monographs.

This volume is a useful introduction to the subject of Fourier Integral Operators and is based on the author 's classic set of notes. Covering a range of topics from H rmander 's exposition of the theory, Duistermaat approaches the subject from symplectic geometry and includes application to hyperbolic equations (= equations of wave type) and oscillatory asymptotic solutions which may have caustics. This text is suitable for mathematicians and (theoretical) physicists with an interest in (linear) partial differential equations, especially in wave propagation, rep. WKB-methods.

It was noted in the preface of the book "Inequalities Involving Functions and Their Integrals and Derivatives," Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991, by D.S. Mitrinovic, J.E. Pecaric and A.M. Fink; since the writing of the classical book by Hardy, Littlewood and Polya (1934), the subject of differential and integral inequalities has grown by about 800%. Ten years on, we can confidently assert that this growth will increase even more significantly. Twenty pages of Chapter XV in the above mentioned book are devoted to integral inequalities involving functions with bounded derivatives, or, Ostrowski type inequalities. This is now itself a special domain of the Theory of Inequalities with many powerful results and a large number of applications in Numerical Integration, Probability Theory and Statistics, Information Theory and Integral Operator Theory. The main aim of the present book, jointly written by the members of the Vic toria University node of RGMIA (Research Group in Mathematical Inequali ties and Applications, http: I /rgmia. vu. edu. au) and Th. M. Rassias, is to present a selected number of results on Ostrowski type inequalities. Results for univariate and multivariate real functions and their natural applications in the error analysis of numerical quadrature for both simple and multiple integrals as well as for the Riemann-Stieltjes integral are given."

This volume contains the papers presented at the meeting "Distributions with given marginals and statistical modelling", held in Barcelona (Spain), July 17- 20, 2000. This is the fourth meeting on given marginals, showing that this topic has aremarkable interest. BRIEF HISTORY The construction of distributions with given marginals started with the seminal papers by Hoeffding (1940) and Fn!chet (1951). Since then, many others have contributed on this topic: Dall' Aglio, Farlie, Gumbel, Johnson, Kellerer, Kotz, Morgenstern, Marshali, Olkin, Strassen, Vitale, Whitt, etc., as weIl as Arnold, Cambanis, Deheuvels, Genest, Frank, Joe, Kirneldorf, Nelsen, Ruschendorf, Sampson, Scarsini, Tiit, etc. In 1957 Sklar and Schweizer introduced probabilistic metric spaces. In 1975 Kirneldorf and Sampson studied the uniform representation of a bivariate dis- tribution and proposed the desirable conditions that should be satisfied by any bivariate family. In 1991 Darsow, Nguyen and Olsen defined a natural operation between cop- ulas, with applications in stochastic processes. In 1993, AIsina, Nelsen and Schweizer introduced the notion of quasi-copula.

This book presents the mathematics that underpins pricing models for derivative securities in modern financial markets, such as options, futures and swaps. This new edition adds substantial material from current areas of active research, such as coherent risk measures with applications to hedging, the arbitrage interval for incomplete discrete-time markets, and risk and return and sensitivity analysis for the Black-Scholes model.

This book aims to present, in a unified approach, a series of mathematical results con cerning triangular norm-based measures and a class of cooperative games with Juzzy coalitions. Our approach intends to emphasize that triangular norm-based measures are powerful tools in exploring the coalitional behaviour in 'such games. They not and simplify some technical aspects of the already classical axiomatic the only unify ory of Aumann-Shapley values, but also provide new perspectives and insights into these results. Moreover, this machinery allows us to obtain, in the game theoretical context, new and heuristically meaningful information, which has a significant impact on balancedness and equilibria analysis in a cooperative environment. From a formal point of view, triangular norm-based measures are valuations on subsets of a unit cube [0, 1]X which preserve dual binary operations induced by trian gular norms on the unit interval [0, 1]. Triangular norms (and their dual conorms) are algebraic operations on [0,1] which were suggested by MENGER [1942] and which proved to be useful in the theory of probabilistic metric spaces (see also [WALD 1943]). The idea of a triangular norm-based measure was implicitly used under various names: vector integrals [DVORETZKY, WALD & WOLFOWITZ 1951], prob abilities oj Juzzy events [ZADEH 1968], and measures on ideal sets [AUMANN & SHAPLEY 1974, p. 152].

One service mathematics has rendered the 'Et moi .... si favait su comment en revenir, je human race. It has put common sense back n'y serais point a1l6.' lules Verne where it belongs, on the topmost shelf next to the dusty eanister labelled 'discarded nonsense' . Erie T. Bell The series is divergent; therefore we may be able to do something with it O. Heaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and nonlineari ties abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sci ences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One ser vice topology has rendered mathematical physics .. .'; 'One service logic has rendered computer science .. .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics .. .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series. This series, Mathematics and Its Applications, started in 1977. Now that over one hundred volumes have appeared it seems opportune to reexamine its scope. At the time I wrote "Growing specia1ization and diversification have brought a host of monographs and textbooks on increasingly specialized topics. However, the 'tree' of knowledge of mathematics and It also happens, quite often in related fields does not grow only by putting forth new branches."

This volume presents a unified approach to constructing iterative methods for solving irregular operator equations and provides rigorous theoretical analysis for several classes of these methods. The analysis of methods includes convergence theorems as well as necessary and sufficient conditions for their convergence at a given rate. The principal groups of methods studied in the book are iterative processes based on the technique of universal linear approximations, stable gradient-type processes, and methods of stable continuous approximations. Compared to existing monographs and textbooks on ill-posed problems, the main distinguishing feature of the presented approach is that it doesn't require any structural conditions on equations under consideration, except for standard smoothness conditions. This allows to obtain in a uniform style stable iterative methods applicable to wide classes of nonlinear inverse problems. Practical efficiency of suggested algorithms is illustrated in application to inverse problems of potential theory and acoustic scattering.

The volume can be read by anyone with a basic knowledge of functional analysis.

The book will be of interest to applied mathematicians and specialists in mathematical modeling and inverse problems.

This book is concerned with the numerical solution of crack problems. The techniques to be developed are particularly appropriate when cracks are relatively short, and are growing in the neighbourhood of some stress raising feature, causing a relatively steep stress gradient. It is therefore practicable to represent the geometry in an idealised way, so that a precise solution may be obtained. This contrasts with, say, the finite element method in which the geometry is modelled exactly, but the subsequent solution is approximate, and computationally more taxing. The family of techniques presented in this book, based loosely on the pioneering work of Eshelby in the late 1950's, and developed by Erdogan, Keer, Mura and many others cited in the text, present an attractive alternative. The basic idea is to use the superposition of the stress field present in the unfiawed body, together with an unknown distribution of 'strain nuclei' (in this book, the strain nucleus employed is the dislocation), chosen so that the crack faces become traction-free. The solution used for the stress field for the nucleus is chosen so that other boundary conditions are satisfied. The technique is therefore efficient, and may be used to model the evolution of a developing crack in two or three dimensions. Solution techniques are described in some detail, and the book should be readily accessible to most engineers, whilst preserving the rigour demanded by the researcher who wishes to develop the method itself.

Iteration regularization, i.e., utilization of iteration methods of any form for the stable approximate solution of ill-posed problems, is one of the most important but still insufficiently developed topics of the new theory of ill-posed problems. In this monograph, a general approach to the justification of iteration regulari zation algorithms is developed, which allows us to consider linear and nonlinear methods from unified positions. Regularization algorithms are the 'classical' iterative methods (steepest descent methods, conjugate direction methods, gradient projection methods, etc.) complemented by the stopping rule depending on level of errors in input data. They are investigated for solving linear and nonlinear operator equations in Hilbert spaces. Great attention is given to the choice of iteration index as the regularization parameter and to estimates of errors of approximate solutions. Stabilizing properties such as smoothness and shape constraints imposed on the solution are used. On the basis of these investigations, we propose and establish efficient regularization algorithms for stable numerical solution of a wide class of ill-posed problems. In particular, descriptive regularization algorithms, utilizing a priori information about the qualitative behavior of the sought solution and ensuring a substantial saving in computational costs, are considered for model and applied problems in nonlinear thermophysics. The results of calculations for important applications in various technical fields (a continuous casting, the treatment of materials and perfection of heat-protective systems using laser and composite technologies) are given."

Approximation Theory, Wavelets and Applications draws together the latest developments in the subject, provides directions for future research, and paves the way for collaborative research. The main topics covered include constructive multivariate approximation, theory of splines, spline wavelets, polynomial and trigonometric wavelets, interpolation theory, polynomial and rational approximation. Among the scientific applications were de-noising using wavelets, including the de-noising of speech and images, and signal and digital image processing. In the area of the approximation of functions the main topics include multivariate interpolation, quasi-interpolation, polynomial approximation with weights, knot removal for scattered data, convergence theorems in Pade theory, Lyapunov theory in approximation, Neville elimination as applied to shape preserving presentation of curves, interpolating positive linear operators, interpolation from a convex subset of Hilbert space, and interpolation on the triangle and simplex. Wavelet theory is growing extremely rapidly and has applications which will interest readers in the physical, medical, engineering and social sciences. "

Classicalexamples of moreand more oscillatingreal-valued functions on a domain N ?of R are the functions u (x)=sin(nx)with x=(x ,...,x ) or the so-called n 1 1 n n+1 Rademacherfunctionson]0,1[,u (x)=r (x) = sgn(sin(2 ?x))(seelater3.1.4). n n They may appear as the gradients?v of minimizing sequences (v ) in some n n n?N variationalproblems. Intheseexamples,thefunctionu convergesinsomesenseto n ameasure on ? xR, called Young measure. In Functional Analysis formulation, this is the narrow convergence to of the image of the Lebesgue measure on ? by ? ? (?,u (?)). In the disintegrated form ( ) ,the parametrized measure n ? ??? ? captures the possible scattering of the u around ?. n Curiously if (X ) is a sequence of random variables deriving from indep- n n?N dent ones, the n-th one may appear more and more far from the k ?rst ones as 2 if it was oscillating (think of orthonormal vectors in L which converge weakly to 0). More precisely when the laws L(X ) narrowly converge to some probability n measure , it often happens that for any k and any A in the algebra generated by X ,...,X , the conditional law L(X|A) still converges to (see Chapter 9) 1 k n which means 1 ??? C (R) ?(X (?))dP(?)?? ?d b n P(A) A R or equivalently, ? denoting the image of P by ? ? (?,X (?)), n X n (1l ??)d? ?? (1l ??)d[P? ].

One service mathematics has rendered the "Et moi, ..., si j'avait su comment en revenir, human race. It has put common sense back je n 'y serais point all

Boundary element methods are very important for solving boundary value problems in PDEs. Many boundary value problems of partial differential equations can be reduced into boundary integral equations by the natural boundary reduction. In this book the natural boundary integral method, suggested and developed by Feng and Yu, is introduced systematically. It is quite different from popular boundary element methods and has many distinctive advantages. The variational principle is conserved after the natural boundary reduction, and some useful properties are also preserved faithfully. Moreover, it can be applied directly and naturally in the coupling method and the domain decomposition method of finite and boundary elements. Most of the material in this book has only appeared in the author's previous papers. Compared with its Chinese edition (Science Press, Beijing, 1993), many new research results such as the domain decomposition methods based on the natural boundary reduction are added.

For many years physics and mathematics have had a fruitful influence on one another. Classical mechanics and celestial mechanics have produced very deep problems whose solutions have enhanced mathematics. On the other hand, mathematics itself has found interesting theories which then (sometimes after many years) have been reflected in physics, confirming the thesis that nothing is more practical than a good theory. The same is true for the younger physical discipline -of quantum mechanics. In the 1930s two events, not at all random, became: The mathematical back grounds of both quantum mechanics and probability theory. In 1936, G. Birkhoff and J. von Neumann published their historical paper "The logic of quantum mechanics," in which a quantum logic was suggested. The mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics remains an outstanding problem of mathematics, physics, logic and philosophy even today. The theory of quantum logics is a major stream in this axiomatical knowledge river, where L(H), the system of all closed subspaces of a Hilbert space H, due to J. von Neumann, plays an important role. When A.M. Gleason published his solution to G. Mackey's problem showing that any state (= probability measure) corresponds to a density operator, he probably did not anticipate that his solution would become a cornerstone of ax iomati cal theory of quantum mechanics nor that it would provide many interesting applications to mathematics."

The last decade witnessed an increasing interest of mathematicians in prob lems originated in mathematical physics. As a result of this effort, the scope of traditional mathematical physics changed considerably. New problems es pecially those connected with quantum physics make use of new ideas and methods. Together with classical and functional analysis, methods from dif ferential geometry and Lie algebras, the theory of group representation, and even topology and algebraic geometry became efficient tools of mathematical physics. On the other hand, the problems tackled in mathematical physics helped to formulate new, purely mathematical, theorems. This important development must obviously influence the contemporary mathematical literature, especially the review articles and monographs. A considerable number of books and articles appeared, reflecting to some extend this trend. In our view, however, an adequate language and appropriate methodology has not been developed yet. Nowadays, the current literature includes either mathematical monographs occasionally using physical terms, or books on theoretical physics focused on the mathematical apparatus. We hold the opinion that the traditional mathematical language of lem mas and theorems is not appropriate for the contemporary writing on mathe matical physics. In such literature, in contrast to the standard approaches of theoretical physics, the mathematical ideology must be utmost emphasized and the reference to physical ideas must be supported by appropriate mathe matical statements. Of special importance are the results and methods that have been developed in this way for the first time."

Stochastic analysis is a field of mathematical research having numerous interactions with other domains of mathematics such as partial differential equations, riemannian path spaces, dynamical systems, optimization. It also has many links with applications in engineering, finance, quantum physics, and other fields. This book covers recent and diverse aspects of stochastic and infinite-dimensional analysis. The included papers are written from a variety of standpoints (white noise analysis, Malliavin calculus, quantum stochastic calculus) by the contributors, and provide a broad coverage of the subject.

This volume will be useful to graduate students and research mathematicians wishing to get acquainted with recent developments in the field of stochastic analysis.

The expression of uncertainty in measurement poses a challenge since it involves physical, mathematical, and philosophical issues. This problem is intensified by the limitations of the probabilistic approach used by the current standard (the GUM Instrumentation Standard). This text presents an alternative approach. It makes full use of the mathematical theory of evidence to express the uncertainty in measurements. Coverage provides an overview of the current standard, then pinpoints and constructively resolves its limitations. Numerous examples throughout help explain the book 's unique approach.

The present book deals with the finite-part singular integral equations, the multidimensional singular integral equations and the non-linear singular integral equations, which are currently used in many fields of engineering mechanics with applied character, like elasticity, plasticity, thermoelastoplasticity, viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity, fracture mechanics, structural analysis, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics and elastodynamics. These types of singular integral equations form the latest high technology on the solution of very important problems of solid and fluid mechanics and therefore special attention should be given by the reader of the present book, who is interested for the new technology of the twentieth-one century. Chapter 1 is devoted with a historical report and an extended outline of References, for the finite-part singular integral equations, the multidimensional singular integral equations and the non-linear singular integral equations. Chapter 2 provides a finite-part singular integral representation analysis in Lp spaces and in general Hilbert spaces. In the same Chapter are investigated all possible approximation methods for the numerical evaluation of the finite-part singular integral equations, as closed form solutions for the above type of integral equations are available only in simple cases. Also, Chapter 2 provides further a generalization of the well known Sokhotski-Plemelj formulae and the Nother theorems, for the case of a finite-part singular integral equation.

Variational and boundary integral equation techniques are two of the most useful methods for solving time-dependent problems described by systems of equations of the form 2 ? u = Au, 2 't 2 where u = u(x, t) is a vector-valued function, x is a point in a domain inR or 3 R, and A is a linear elliptic di?erential operator. To facilitate a better und- standing of these two types of methods, below we propose to illustrate their mechanisms in action on a speci?c mathematical model rather than in a more impersonal abstract setting. For this purpose, we have chosen the hyperbolic system of partial di?erential equations governing the nonstationary bending of elastic plates with transverse shear deformation. The reason for our choice is twofold. On the one hand, in a certain sense this is a "hybrid" system, c- sistingofthreeequationsforthreeunknownfunctionsinonlytwoindependent variables, which makes it more unusual-and thereby more interesting to the analyst-than other systems arising in solid mechanics. On the other hand, this particular plate model has received very little attention compared to the so-called classical one, based on Kirchho?'s simplifying hypotheses, although, as acknowledged by practitioners, it represents a substantial re?nement of the latter and therefore needs a rigorous discussion of the existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence of its solution on the data before any construction of numerical approximation algorithms can be contemplated.

This volume contains 23 articles on algebraic analysis of differential equations and related topics, most of which were presented as papers at the conference "Algebraic Analysis of Differential Equations - from Microlocal Analysis to Exponential Asymptotics" at Kyoto University in 2005. This volume is dedicated to Professor Takahiro Kawai, who is one of the creators of microlocal analysis and who introduced the technique of microlocal analysis into exponential asymptotics.

The contents of this monograph fall within the general area of nonlinear functional analysis and applications. We focus on an important topic within this area: geometric properties of Banach spaces and nonlinear iterations, a topic of intensive research e?orts, especially within the past 30 years, or so. In this theory, some geometric properties of Banach spaces play a crucial role. In the ?rst part of the monograph, we expose these geometric properties most of which are well known. As is well known, among all in?nite dim- sional Banach spaces, Hilbert spaces have the nicest geometric properties. The availability of the inner product, the fact that the proximity map or nearest point map of a real Hilbert space H onto a closed convex subset K of H is Lipschitzian with constant 1, and the following two identities 2 2 2 ||x+y|| =||x|| +2 x,y +||y|| , (?) 2 2 2 2 ||?x+(1??)y|| = ?||x|| +(1??)||y|| ??(1??)||x?y|| , (??) which hold for all x,y? H, are some of the geometric properties that char- terize inner product spaces and also make certain problems posed in Hilbert spaces more manageable than those in general Banach spaces. However, as has been rightly observed by M. Hazewinkel, "... many, and probably most, mathematical objects and models do not naturally live in Hilbert spaces". Consequently,toextendsomeoftheHilbertspacetechniquestomoregeneral Banach spaces, analogues of the identities (?) and (??) have to be developed.

Integration theory deals with extended real-valued, vector-valued, or operator-valued measures and functions. Different approaches are applied in each of these cases using different techniques. The order structure of the (extended) real number system is used for real-valued functions and measures whereas suprema and infima are replaced with topological limits in the vector-valued case.

A novel approach employing more general structures, locally convex cones, which are natural generalizations of locally convex vector spaces, is introduced here. This setting allows developing a general theory of integration which simultaneously deals with all of the above-mentioned cases.

These lectures concentrate on (nonlinear) stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) of evolutionary type. There are three approaches to analyze SPDE: the "martingale measure approach," the "mild solution approach" and the "variational approach." The purpose of these notes is to give a concise and as self-contained as possible an introduction to the "variational approach." A large part of necessary background material is included in appendices.