A few years ago the Helmholtz Association (HGF) consisting of 15 research Institutions including the German Aerospace Center (DLR) started a network research program called 'Virtual Institutes'. The basic idea of this program was to establish research groups formed by Helmholtz research centers and universities to study and develop methods or technologies for future applications and educate young scientists. It should also enable and encourage the partners of this Virtual Institute after 3 years funding to continue their cooperation in other programs. Following this HGF request and chance the DLR Windtunnel Department of the Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology took the initiative and established a network with other DLR institutes and German u- versities RWTH Aachen, University of Stuttgart and Technical University Munich. The main goal of this network was to share the experience in system analysis, ae- dynamics and material science for aerospace for improving the understanding and applicability of some key technologies for future reusable space transportation s- tems. Therefore, the virtual institute was named RESPACE (Key Technologies for Re- Usable Space Systems).

Mechanical engineering, an engineering discipline born of the needs of the industrial revolution, is once again asked to do its substantial share in the call for industrial renewal. The general call is urgent as we face profound issues of productivity and competitiveness that require engineering solutions, among others. The Mechanical Engineering Series is a series featuring graduate texts and research monographs intended to address the need for information in contemporary areas of mechanical engineering. The series is conceived as a comprehensive one that covers a broad range of concentrations important to mechanical engineering graduate education and research. We are fortunate to have a distinguished roster of consulting editors, each an expert in one of the areas of concentration. The names of the consulting editors are listed on the following page of this volume. The areas of concentration are applied mechanics, biomechanics, computational mechanics, dynamic systems and control, energetics, mechanics of materials, processing, thermal science, and tribology. Professor Winer, the consulting editor for tribology, and I are pleased to present this volume of the series: Laminar Viscous Flow, by Professor Constantinescu. The selection of this volume underscores again the interest of the Mechanical Engineering Series to provide our readers with topical monographs as well as graduate texts.

Designed for engineers, this work considers flow-induced vibrations. It covers topics such as body oscillators; fluid loading and response of body oscillators; fluid oscillators; vibrations due to extraneously-induced excitation; and vibrations due to instability-induced excitation.

In various branches of fluid mechanics, our understanding is inhibited by the presence of turbulence. Although many experimental and theoretical studies have significantly helped to increase our physical understanding, a comp- hensive and predictive theory of turbulent flows has not yet been established. Therefore, the prediction of turbulent flow relies heavily on simulation stra- gies. The development of reliable methods for turbulent flow computation will have a significant impact on a variety of technological advancements. These range from aircraft and car design, to turbomachinery, combustors, and process engineering. Moreover, simulation approaches are important in materials - sign, prediction of biologically relevant flows, and also significantly contribute to the understanding of environmental processes including weather and climate forecasting. The material that is compiled in this book presents a coherent account of contemporary computational approaches for turbulent flows. It aims to p- vide the reader with information about the current state of the art as well as to stimulate directions for future research and development. The book puts part- ular emphasis on computational methods for incompressible and compressible turbulent flows as well as on methods for analysing and quantifying nume- cal errors in turbulent flow computations. In addition, it presents turbulence modelling approaches in the context of large eddy simulation, and unfolds the challenges in the field of simulations for multiphase flows and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of engineering flows in complex geometries. Apart from reviewing main research developments, new material is also included in many of the chapters.

This is a unique collection of papers, all written by leading specialists, that presents the most recent results and advances in stability theory as it relates to fluid flows. The stability property is of great interest for researchers in many fields, including mathematical analysis, theory of partial differential equations, optimal control, numerical analysis, and fluid mechanics. This text will be essential reading for many researchers working in these fields.

This volume contains the proceedings of a workshop held in Melbourne, Australia, entitled "Coupling of Fluids, Structures and Waves in Aeronautics". The 22 papers deal with new computational methods for multi-disciplinary design in aeronautics. They are grouped into chapters on fluids, structures, electromagnetics, optimisation, mathematical methods and tools, and aircraft design. Several papers treat coupling of these themes in a multi-physics setting. Included is a 17-page report of a Round Table discussion entitled "Future Tools for Design and Manufacture of Innovative Products in the Aeronautics Industry", together with a summary of important themes and issues. This research promotes the advanced technologies necessary for continued development of efficient and environmentally sustainable transport systems.

The subject of wave phenomena is well-known for its inter-disciplinary nature. Progress in this field has been made both through the desire to solve very practical problems, arising in acoustics, optics, radiophysics, electronics, oceanography, me teorology and so on, and through the development of mathematical physics which emphasized that completely different physical phenomena are governed by the same (or similar) equations. In the immense literature on physics of waves there is no lack of good presentations of particular branches or general textbooks on mathematical physics. But if one restricts the attention to pulse propagation phenomena, one no tices that many useful facts are scattered among the various books and journals, and their connections are not immediately apparent. For example, the problems involv ing acoustic pulse propagation in bubbly liquids and those related to electromagnetic pulses in resonant media are usually treated without much cross reference in spite of their obvious connections. The authors of this book have attempted to write a coherent account of a few pulse propagation problems selected from different branches of applied physics. Although the basic material on linear pulse propagation is included, some topics have their own unique twists, and a comprehensive treatment of this body of material can hardly be found in other sources. First of all, the problem of pulse propagation in non equilibrium media (unstable or admitting attenuation) is far more delicate than it is apparent at a first glance."

For the past several decades, the study of free boundary problems has been a very active subject of research occurring in a variety of applied sciences. What these problems have in common is their formulation in terms of suitably posed initial and boundary value problems for nonlinear partial differential equations. Such problems arise, for example, in the mathematical treatment of the processes of heat conduction, filtration through porous media, flows of non-Newtonian fluids, boundary layers, chemical reactions, semiconductors, and so on. The growing interest in these problems is reflected by the series of meetings held under the title "Free Boundary Problems: Theory and Applications" (Ox ford 1974, Pavia 1979, Durham 1978, Montecatini 1981, Maubuisson 1984, Irsee 1987, Montreal 1990, Toledo 1993, Zakopane 1995, Crete 1997, Chiba 1999). From the proceedings of these meetings, we can learn about the different kinds of mathematical areas that fall within the scope of free boundary problems. It is worth mentioning that the European Science Foundation supported a vast research project on free boundary problems from 1993 until 1999. The recent creation of the specialized journal Interfaces and Free Boundaries: Modeling, Analysis and Computation gives us an idea of the vitality of the subject and its present state of development. This book is a result of collaboration among the authors over the last 15 years."

This is a comprehensive work of reference for engineers dealing with the hydraulic problems that occur along coastlines and estuaries and in harbours. This branch of engineering has experienced rapid and profound changes since the 1960s due to the introduction of powerful computer modelling techniques. The book presents concise reviews of key topics on these techniques as well as the traditional civil engineering aspects of design and construction of coastal and maritime works. The powerful tools which are now available for computational and numerical modelling of hydraulic systems have to a considerable extent replaced physical models as the most appropriate means of investigating and selecting economic design options. This development has taken place alongside a greater understanding of the transport processes of granular and cohesive sediments, and an increasing concern with the environmental impact of engineering works. At the design stage, the engineer now commonly has to demonstrate the impact of the proposed works on the natural/watery environment. The chapters are presented under seven main headings: the physical environment; the scientific background; numerical tools and t

A review of open channel turbulence, focusing especially on certain features stemming from the presence of the free surface and the bed of a river. Part one presents the statistical theory of turbulence; Part two addresses the coherent structures in open-channel flows and boundary layers.

This book focuses on turbulent flows generated and/or influenced by multiscale/fractal structures. It consists of six chapters which demonstrate, each one in its own way, how such structures and objects can be used to design bespoke turbulence for particular applications and also how they can be used for fundamental studies of turbulent flows.

This book provides an introduction to the subject of turbulence modelling in a form easy to understand for anybody with a basic background in fluid mechanics, and it summarizes the present state of the art. Individual models are described and examined for the merits and demerits which range from the simple Prandtl mixing length theory to complex second order closure schemes.

In these lectures, most of them given at the University of Montreal while he held the Aisenstadt Chair, Roman Jackiw provides a view of fluid dynamics from an entirely novel perspective. He begins by explaining the motivation and reviewing the classical theory, but in a manner different from textbook discussions. Among other topics, he discusses conservation laws and Euler equations, and a method for finding their canonical structure; C. Eckart's Lagrangian and a relativistic generalization for vortex-free motion; nonvanishing vorticity and the Clebsch parameterization for the velocity vector. Jackiw then discusses some specific models for nonrelativistic and relativistic fluid mechanics with more than one spatial dimension, including the Chaplygin gas (whose negative pressure is inversely proportional to density), and the scalar Born-Infeld model. He shows how both the Chaplygin gas and the Born-Infeld model devolve from the parameterization-invariant Nambu-Goto action. As in particle physics, Jackiw shows, fluid mechanics enhanced by supersymmetry, non-Abelian degrees of freedon, and non commuting coordinates. Jackiw discusses the need for a non-Abelian fluid mechanics, and proposes a Lagrangian, which involves a non-Abelian auxiliary field, whose Chern-Simons density should be a total derivative. The generalization to magnetohydrodynamics, which results from including a dynamical non-Abelian guage filed, reduces in the Abelian limit to conventional magnetohydrodynamics. For one-dimensional cases, the models mentioned above are completely integrable, and Jackiw gives the general solution of the Chaplygin gas and the Born-Infeld model on a line, as well as a general solution of the Nambu-Goto theory for a 1-brane (string) in two spatial dimensions. Jackiw discusses the need for a non-Abelian fluid mechanics and proposes a Lagrangian, which involves a non-Abelian auxiliary field whose Chern-Simons density should be a total derivative. The generalization to magnetohydrodynamics, which results from including a dynamical non-Abelian gauge field, reduces in the Abelian limit to conventional magnetohydrodynamics.

This book (Vol. II) presents select proceedings of the first Online International Conference on Recent Advances in Computational and Experimental Mechanics (ICRACEM 2020) and focuses on theoretical, computational and experimental aspects of solid and fluid mechanics. Various topics covered are computational modelling of extreme events; mechanical modelling of robots; mechanics and design of cellular materials; mechanics of soft materials; mechanics of thin-film and multi-layer structures; meshfree and particle based formulations in continuum mechanics; multi-scale computations in solid mechanics, and materials; multiscale mechanics of brittle and ductile materials; topology and shape optimization techniques; acoustics including aero-acoustics and wave propagation; aerodynamics; dynamics and control in micro/nano engineering; dynamic instability and buckling; flow-induced noise and vibration; inverse problems in mechanics and system identification; measurement and analysis techniques in nonlinear dynamic systems; multibody dynamical systems and applications; nonlinear dynamics and control; stochastic mechanics; structural dynamics and earthquake engineering; structural health monitoring and damage assessment; turbomachinery noise; vibrations of continuous systems, characterization of advanced materials; damage identification and non-destructive evaluation; experimental fire mechanics and damage; experimental fluid mechanics; experimental solid mechanics; measurement in extreme environments; modal testing and dynamics; experimental hydraulics; mechanism of scour under steady and unsteady flows; vibration measurement and control; bio-inspired materials; constitutive modelling of materials; fracture mechanics; mechanics of adhesion, tribology and wear; mechanics of composite materials; mechanics of multifunctional materials; multiscale modelling of materials; phase transformations in materials; plasticity and creep in materials; fluid mechanics, computational fluid dynamics; fluid-structure interaction; free surface, moving boundary and pipe flow; hydrodynamics; multiphase flows; propulsion; internal flow physics; turbulence modelling; wave mechanics; flow through porous media; shock-boundary layer interactions; sediment transport; wave-structure interaction; reduced-order models; turbo-machinery; experimental hydraulics; mechanism of scour under steady and unsteady flows; applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence in mechanics; transport phenomena and soft computing tools in fluid mechanics. The contents of these two volumes (Volumes I and II) discusses various attributes of modern-age mechanics in various disciplines, such as aerospace, civil, mechanical, ocean engineering and naval architecture. The book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in solid and fluid mechanics and allied fields.

This monograph provides the practising engineer with a concise overview of the methods of water diversion and exclusion or removal of sediment from the diverted water. The emphasis is on flow features and the associated conveyance of sediments.

This multi-disciplinary book presents the most recent advances in exergy, energy, and environmental issues. Volume 2 focuses on fundamentals in the field and covers current problems, future needs, and prospects in the area of energy and environment from researchers worldwide. Based on some selected lectures from the Eleventh International Exergy, Energy and Environmental Symposium (IEEES-11) and complemented by further invited contributions, this comprehensive set of contributions promote the exchange of new ideas and techniques in energy conversion and conservation in order to exchange best practices in "energetic efficiency." Included are fundamental and historical coverage of the green transportation and sustainable mobility sectors, especially regarding the development of sustainable technologies for thermal comforts and green transportation vehicles. Furthermore, contributions on renewable and sustainable energy sources, strategies for energy production, and the carbon-free society constitute an important part of this book.

The rapid increase in capabilities at neutron and x-ray scattering sources has resulted in a wealth of highly accurate data on liquids, allowing for the testing of sophisticated models pertinent to the microscopic dynamics. This book, written with the experimentalist in the field of liquids in mind, is a practical guide on how to infer the maximum amount of information from the data using a minimum number of parameters, employing a fail-safe framework that ensures that pitfalls are avoided and that small differences between various liquids can be uncovered. Also, it details excitations for a range of liquids, covering simple fluids, colloids, mixtures, metals and superfluids. Results are interpreted in words rather than in equations, bringing to the fore new links between these fluids and between spontaneous fluctuations involving thousands of atoms down to those involving just a few. By providing a review of scattering results in the field of liquids, and placing various liquids in context, the book gives an overview for the graduate student and the postdoc entering the field, and a refresher course, based on modern results, for established experimentalists. Moreover, in re-establishing the connection between the large-scale properties of liquids, and their underlying collision sequences, the book directly ties experimental results to the most important open questions in the field. It is hoped that the book will inspire theorists to take up the challenges it poses.

TUrbulence modeling encounters mixed evaluation concerning its impor tance. In engineering flow, the Reynolds number is often very high, and the direct numerical simulation (DNS) based on the resolution of all spatial scales in a flow is beyond the capability of a computer available at present and in the foreseeable near future. The spatial scale of energetic parts of a turbulent flow is much larger than the energy dissipative counterpart, and they have large influence on the transport processes of momentum, heat, matters, etc. The primary subject of turbulence modeling is the proper es timate of these transport processes on the basis of a bold approximation to the energy-dissipation one. In the engineering community, the turbulence modeling is highly evaluated as a mathematical tool indispensable for the analysis of real-world turbulent flow. In the physics community, attention is paid to the study of small-scale components of turbulent flow linked with the energy-dissipation process, and much less interest is shown in the foregoing transport processes in real-world flow. This research tendency is closely related to the general belief that universal properties of turbulence can be found in small-scale phenomena. Such a study has really contributed much to the construction of statistical theoretical approaches to turbulence. The estrangement between the physics community and the turbulence modeling is further enhanced by the fact that the latter is founded on a weak theoretical basis, compared with the study of small-scale turbulence."

ThisvolumeispublishedastheproceedingsoftheRussian-GermanAdvanced Research workshop on Computational Science and High Performance C- puting in Novosibirsk Academgorodok in September 2003. The contributions of these proceedings were provided and edited by the authors, chosen after a careful selection and reviewing. The workshop was organized by the Institute of Computational Techno- gies SB RAS (Novosibirsk, Russia) and the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (Stuttgart, Germany). The objective was the discussion of the latest results in computational science and to develop a close coope- tion between Russian and German specialists in the above-mentioned ?eld. The main directions of the workshop are associated with the problems of computational hydrodynamics, application of mathematical methods to the development of new generation of materials, environment protection pr- lems, development of algorithms, software and hardware support for hi- performance computation, and designing modern facilities for visualization of computational modelling results. The importance of the workshop topics was con?rmed by the partici- tion of representatives of major research organizations engaged in the so- tion of the most complex problems of mathematical modelling, development of new algorithms, programs and key elements of new information techno- gies. Among the Russian participants were researchers of the Institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Institute of Com- tational Technologies, Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mat- matical Geophysics, Institute of Computational Modelling, Russian Federal Nuclear Center, All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics, - merovo State University.

This work provides comprehensive guidance on maintaining old waterfront walls, especially gravity walls constructed with stone masonry, brick blocks or mass concrete. It should be of use to engineers and owners responsible for such structure. Many existing waterfront structures (harbour and dock walls, breakwaters, seawalls, flood defences, skin walls, bridge piers and abutments) are crucial parts of industrial or environmental facilities. Many date back to the 19th century and earlier, and information on their design and construction is often incomplete. They are often massive structures, and the problems of working over or under water and on the buried back of the wall mean that they are difficult and expensive to investigate and maintain, yet they represent substantial capital assets and appropriate management and maintenance are essential. This work draws together a wealth of information and experience on the types of wall that were constructed up to the earlier part of this century. It includes numerous drawings and illustrations of these walls and reviews their performance. It goes on to identify and describe the most suitable techniques available for their inspection, struct

The purpose of this text is to benefit users, manufacturers and engineers by drawing together an overall view of the technology. It attempts to give the reader an appreciation of the extent to which slurry transport is presently employed, the theoretical basis for pipeline design and the practicalities of design and new developments.

This volume in the Hydraulic Machinery Book Series covers the most important types of hydraulic machinery: hydraulic turbines for transforming water power to mechanical output; and pumps for producing fluid pressure for many purposes. It describes the features of mechanical design of various types of turbines and pumps. The structure of a hydraulic machine is decided primarily to satisfy the need of fluid flow, so hydraulic characteristics of the machines are also stressed. Manufacturing processes of turbines and pumps and their requirements are referred to in chapters on mechanical construction.

This book gives the basic analytical framework for the description of turbulent flows and discusses various types encountered by civil engineers involved in hydraulic analysis and design, as well as environmental engineers. It also presents a detailed exposition of the various dimensions of turbulent flow. The book is extremely useful for practising engineers, particularly in the field of hydraulic analysis and design, building dynamics and environmental engineering.