This book contains 23 papers presented at the ECCOMAS Multidisciplinary Jubilee Symposium - New Computational Challenges in Materials, Structures, and Fluids (EMJS08), in Vienna, February 18-20, 2008. The main intention of EMJS08 was to react adequately to the increasing need for interdisciplinary research activities allowing ef?cient solution of complex problems in engineering and in the applied sciences. The 15th anniversary of ECCOMAS (European Community on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences) provided a suitable frame for taking the afo- mentioned situation into account by inviting distinguished colleagues from d- ferent areas of engineering and the applied sciences, encouraging them to choose multidisciplinary topics for their lectures. The main themes of EMJS08 have a long tradition in engineering and in the applied sciences: materials, structures, and ?uids. The solution of scienti?c pr- lems involving ?uids together with solids and structures, not to forget the materials the structures are made of, is of paramount importance in a technical world of rapidly increasing sophistication, referred to as the Leonardo World by the eminent German philosopher Jurgen Mittelstrass. More recently, the main themes of EMJS08 have gained considerable mom- tum, owing to signi?cant progress in nanotechnology. It enables resolution of a multitude of materials into their micro- and nanostructures. Covering aspects such as * Physical and chemical characterization * Multiscale modeling concepts, continuum micromechanics, and computational homogenization, as well as * Applications in various engineering ?elds the individual contributions to this book ?ow along different tracks of ?uids, materials, and structures.

In the last decade parallel computing has been put forward as the only computational answer to the increasing computational needs arising from very large and complex fluid dynamic problems. Considerable efforts are being made to use parallel computers efficiently to solve several fluid dynamic problems originating in aerospace, climate modelling and environmental applications.

Parallel CFD Conferences are international and aim to increase discussion among researchers worldwide.

Topics covered in this particular book include typical CFD areas such as turbulence, Navier-Stokes and Euler solvers, reactive flows, with a good balance between both university and industrial applications. In addition, other applications making extensive use of CFD such as climate modelling and environmental applications are also included.

Anyone involved in the challenging field of Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics will find this volume useful in their daily work.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in river, coastal and estuarine morphodynamics through a collection of review papers written by well-recognized experts in the field. Apart from geoscientists, it is also of special interest to people involved in fluid mechanics who want to understand near wall turbulence and the effects of coherent structures on the mechanisms of sediment transports. Though aimed at geomorphologists and sedimentologists, the terminology employed in the book makes it generally accessible to engineers, physicists and applied mathematicians at the postgraduate level. The contributions are well-illustrated with splendid pictures of various morphodynamic natural patterns.

Two-Phase Flow in Refrigeration Systems presents recent developments from the authors' extensive research programs on two-phase flow in refrigeration systems. This book covers advanced mass and heat transfer and vapor compression refrigeration systems and shows how the performance of an automotive air-conditioning system is affected through results obtained experimentally and theoretically, specifically with consideration of two-phase flow and oil concentration. The book is ideal for university postgraduate students as a textbook, researchers and professors as an academic reference book, and by engineers and designers as handbook.

Whatdoasupernovaexplosioninouterspace, ?owaroundanairfoil and knocking in combustion engines have in common? The physical and chemical mechanisms as well as the sizes of these processes are quite di?erent. So are the motivations for studying them scienti?cally. The super- 8 nova is a thermo-nuclear explosion on a scale of 10 cm. Astrophysicists try to understand them in order to get insight into fundamental properties of the universe. In ?ows around airfoils of commercial airliners at the scale of 3 10 cm shock waves occur that in?uence the stability of the wings as well as fuel consumption in ?ight. This requires appropriate design of the shape and structure of airfoils by engineers. Knocking occurs in combustion, a chemical 1 process, and must be avoided since it damages motors. The scale is 10 cm and these processes must be optimized for e?ciency and environmental conside- tions. The common thread is that the underlying ?uid ?ows may at a certain scale of observation be described by basically the same type of hyperbolic s- tems of partial di?erential equations in divergence form, called conservation laws. Astrophysicists, engineers and mathematicians share a common interest in scienti?c progress on theory for these equations and the development of computational methods for solutions of the equations. Due to their wide applicability in modeling of continua, partial di?erential equationsareamajor?eldofresearchinmathematics. Asubstantialportionof mathematical research is related to the analysis and numerical approximation of solutions to such equations. Hyperbolic conservation laws in two or more spacedimensionsstillposeoneofthemainchallengestomodernmathematics

This volume contains a collection of papers from the research program Protective Artificial Respiration (PAR) . In 2005 the German Research Association DFG launched the research program PAR which is a joint initiative of medicine and fluid mechanics. The main long-term objective of this program is the development of a more protective artificial respiratory system to reduce the physical stress of patients undergoing artificial respiration. To satisfy this goal 11 projects have been defined. In each of these projects scientists from medicine and fluid mechanics do collaborate in several experimental and numerical investigations to improve the fundamental knowledge on respiration and to develop a more individual artificial breathing concept. "

This volume offers a comprehensive examination of the subject of heat and mass transfer with nanofluids as well as a critical review of the past and recent research projects in this area. Emphasis is placed on the fundamentals of the transport processes using particle-fluid suspensions, such as nanofluids. The nanofluid research is examined and presented in a holistic way using a great deal of our experience with the subjects of continuum mechanics, statistical thermodynamics, and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of transport processes. Using a thorough database, the experimental, analytical, and numerical advances of recent research in nanofluids are critically examined and connected to past research with medium and fine particles as well as to functional engineering systems. Promising applications and technological issues of heat/mass transfer system design with nanofluids are also discussed.

This book also: Provides a deep scientific analysis of nanofluids using classical thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics to explain and interpret experimental observationsPresents the theory and experimental results for both thermodynamic and transport propertiesExamines all transport properties and transport processes as well as their relationships through the pertinent macroscopic coefficientsCombines recent knowledge pertaining to nanofluids with the previous fifty years of research on particulate flows, including research on transient flow and heat transfer of particulate suspensionsConducts an holistic examination of the material from more than 500 archival publications

The near-field region within an order of 100 nm from the solid interface is an exciting and crucial arena where many important multiscale transport phenomena are physically characterized, such as flow mixing and drag, heat and mass transfer, near-wall behavior of nanoparticles, binding of bio-molecules, crystallization, surface deposition processes, just naming a few. This monograph presents a number of label-free experimental techniques developed and tested for near-field fluid flow characterization. Namely, these include Total Internal Reflection Microscopy (TIRM), Optical Serial Sectioning Microscopy (OSSM), Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM), Interference Reflection Contrast Microscopy (IRCM), Thermal Near-Field Anemometry, Scanning Thermal Microscopy (STM), and Micro-Cantilever Near-Field Thermometry. Presentation on each of these is laid out for the working principle, how to implement the system, and its example applications, to promote the readers understanding and knowledge of the specific technique that can be applied for their own research interests.

Thermal Separation Technology is a key discipline for many industries and lays the engineering foundations for the sustainable and economic production of high-quality materials. This book provides fundamental knowledge on this field and may be used both in university teaching and in industrial research and development. Furthermore, it is intended to support professional engineers in their daily efforts to improve plant efficiency and reliability. Previous German editions of this book have gained widespread recognition. This first English edition will now make its content available to the international community of students and professionals. In the first chapters of the book the fundamentals of thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer, and multiphase flow are addressed. Further chapters examine in depth the different unit operations distillation and absorption, extraction, evaporation and condensation, crystallization, adsorption and chromatography, and drying, while the closing chapter provides valuable guidelines for a conceptual process development.

This volume includes revised and extended versions of selected papers presented at the Tenth International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics held in Lisbon in July 2000.The papers describe instrumentation developments for velocity, scalar and multiphase flows and results of measurements of turbulent flows, and combustion and engines. Focus is placed on laser-Doppler anemometry, particle sizing and other methods for the measurement of velocity and scalars, such as particle image velocimetry and laser induced fluorescence. The application of laser techniques to scientific and engineering fluid flow research was emphasized, but contributions to the theory and practice of laser were also considered where they facilitate new improved fluid mechanic research.

This book was written as a graduate student course--Shock Dynamics. Up to now, the first author has taught this course to the graduate students in the field of Fluid Mechanics, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China for seven times. In the spring semester 1989, during his visit to the United States, the first author taught this course to the graduate students of Department of Mathemat ics, University of Colorado at Denver. At the same time, he gave a series of four lectures on Shock Dynamics to the graduate students of Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder. In 1991, during the first author's visit to Japan, he gave some lectures on Shock Dynamics in Tohoku University, University of Tokyo and Kyushu Uni versity. The dynamic phenomena of shock waves such as propagation, diffraction, reflection, refraction and interaction of shock waves may be studied by using experimental methods, numerical calculations and theoretical analyses. Although the detailed flow patterns of phenomena of shock motion can be obtained by using experimental methods and numerical calculations of solving Euler Equation or Navier-Stokes Equation, for example, the diffractions of shock waves by wedges form various phenomena of reflection--RR, SMR, CMR and DMR, we also need to analyse the process of the formation of shock waves in various phenomena of diffraction, reflection and interaction by using theoretical methods."

The book contains invited lectures and selected contributions presented at the Enzo Levi and XVII Annual Meeting of the Fluid Dynamic Division of the Mexican Physical Society in 2011. It is aimed to fourth year undergraduate and graduate students, and scientists in the field of physics, engineering and chemistry that have interest in Fluid Dynamics from the experimental and theoretical point of view. The invited lectures are introductory and avoid the use of complicate mathematics. The other selected contributions are also adequate to fourth year undergraduate and graduate students. The Fluid Dynamics applications include multiphase flow, convection, diffusion, heat transfer, rheology, granular material, viscous flow, porous media flow, geophysics and astrophysics. The material contained in the book includes recent advances in experimental and theoretical fluid dynamics and is adequate for both teaching and research.

Since their first introduction in natural sciences through the work of Einstein on Brownian motion in 1905 and further works, in particular by Langevin, Smoluchowski and others, stochastic processes have been used in several areas of science and technology. For example, they have been applied in chemical studies, or in fluid turbulence and for combustion and reactive flows. The articles in this book provide a general and unified framework in which stochastic processes are presented as modeling tools for various issues in engineering, physics and chemistry, with particular focus on fluid mechanics and notably dispersed two-phase flows. The aim is to develop what can referred to as stochastic modeling for a whole range of applications.

This volume provides a snapshot of the current and future trends in turbulence research across a range of disciplines. It provides an overview of the key challenges that face scientific and engineering communities in the context of huge databases of turbulence information currently being generated, yet poorly mined. These challenges include coherent structures and their control, wall turbulence and control, multi-scale turbulence, the impact of turbulence on energy generation and turbulence data manipulation strategies. The motivation for this volume is to assist the reader to make physical sense of these data deluges so as to inform both the research community as well as to advance practical outcomes from what is learned. Outcomes presented in this collection provide industry with information that impacts their activities, such as minimizing impact of wind farms, opportunities for understanding large scale wind events and large eddy simulation of the hydrodynamics of bays and lakes thereby increasing energy efficiencies, and minimizing emissions and noise from jet engines. Elucidates established, contemporary, and novel aspects of fluid turbulence - a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomena; Explores computer simulation of turbulence in the context of the emerging, unprecedented profusion of experimental data,which will need to be stewarded and archived; Examines a compendium of problems and issues that investigators can use to help formulate new promising research ideas; Makes the case for why funding agencies and scientists around the world need to lead a global effort to establish and steward large stores of turbulence data, rather than leaving them to individual researchers.

The articles in the book treat flow instability and transition starting with classical material dealt with in an innovative and rigorous way, some newer physical mechanisms explained for the first time and finally with the very complex topic of bombustion and two-phase flow instabilities.

This thesis presents pioneering experimental and numerical studies on three aspects of the combustion characteristics of lean premixed syngas/air flames, namely the laminar flame speed, extinction limit and flammability limit. It illustrates a new extinction exponent concept, which enriches the combustion theory. Above all, the book provides the following: a) a series of carefully measured data and theoretical analyses to reveal the intrinsic mechanisms of the fuel composition effect on the propagation and extinction of lean syngas/air flames; b) a mixing model and correlation to predict the laminar flame speed of multi-component syngas fuels, intended for engineering computations; c) a new "extinction exponent" concept to describe the critical effects of chemical kinetics on the extinction of lean premixed syngas/air flames; and d) the effects and mechanism of the dilution of incombustible components on lean premixed syngas/air flames and the preferential importance among the thermal, chemical and diffusion effects.

Twenty-one years have passed since the first symposium in this series was held in Paris (1976). Since then there have been meetings in Lausanne (1980), Cambridge (1984), Aachen (1987), Beijing (1989), Notre Dame (1991) and Fukuoka (1994). During this period a tremendous development in the field of unsteady aerodynamics and aeroelasticity in turbomachines has taken place. As steady-state flow conditions become better known, and as blades in the turbomachine are constantly pushed towards lower weight, and higher load and efficiency, the importance of unsteady phenomena appear more clearly. th The 8 Symposium was, as the previous ones, of high quality. Furthermore, it presented the audience with the latest developments in experimental, numerical and theoretical research. More papers than ever before were submitted to the conference. As the organising committee wanted to preserve the uniqueness of the symposium by having single sessions, and thus mingle speakers and audience with different backgrounds in this interdisciplinary field, only a limited number of papers could be accepted. 54 papers were accepted and presented at the meeting, all of which are included in the present proceedings.

Why are propeller blades of speedboats strongly eroded? Why does a syringe have to be filled slowly in order to avoid the formation of a vapour cavity near the piston? Why does a pump for watering the garden not work efficiently if it is placed too high above the ground water level? These questions, and many others taken from day to day experience, refer to situations which apparently have no connection between them, except for the fact that the motion of a liquid in part of the system plays an essential role.

Cavitation science is that part of liquid physics which addresses the motion of liquids near -or beyond- the limit of vaporization. Generally, vaporization occurs if liquid velocities are large, causing pressure to decrease below a critical value at which the liquid continuum is broken at one or several points. Vapor cavities appear there and various unexpected effects follow for the system such as noise, lower performance, vibrations, wall erosion For a long time, it was believed that cavitation phenomena should be avoided entirely because of the generally negative character of their consequences. However, over the years it appeared that such a constraint could be costly, though not necessarily justified on scientific grounds. A limited development of cavitation - if carefully defined and controlled - can be allowed. This promotes the development of high speed hydrodynamics and hydraulics.

The present book is aimed at providing a comprehensive presentation of cavitation phenomena in liquid flows. It is further backed up by the experience, both experimental and theoretical, of the authors whose expertise has been internationally recognized. A special effort is made toplace the various methods of investigation in strong relation with the fundamental physics of cavitation, enabling the reader to treat specific problems independently. Furthermore, it is hoped that a better knowledge of the cavitation phenomenon will allow engineers to create systems using it positively. Examples in the literature show the feasibility of this approach.

Part textbook, part exploratory work, this book aims to raise the awareness of students, physicists, and engineers in turbulence on the modeling of gravitationally induced turbulent mixing flows as produced, for instance, by Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. The discussion is centered on the differences between single-fluid and two-fluid approaches, and it is illustrated with a 0D analysis of two specific elementary models in common use. Important deviations are shown to appear on many features, among others the prominence of directed energy, the simultaneous restitution of test cases, the responses to variable acceleration and shocks, and the behavior of various length scales.

The fifth ERCOFfAC workshop 'Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation-5' (DLES-5) was held at the Munich University of Technology, August 27-29, 2003. It is part of a series of workshops that originated at the University of Surrey in 1994 with the intention to provide a forum for presentation and dis cussion of recent developments in the field of direct and large-eddy simula tion. Over the years the DLES-series has grown into a major international venue focussed on all aspects of DNS and LES, but also on hybrid methods like RANSILES coupling and detached-eddy simulation designed to provide reliable answers to technical flow problems at reasonable computational cost. DLES-5 was attended by 111 delegates from 15 countries. Its three-day pro gramme covered ten invited lectures and 63 original contributions partially pre sented in parallel sessions. The workshop was financially supported by the fol lowing companies, institutions and organizations: ANSYS Germany GmbH, AUDI AG, BMW Group, ERCOFfAC, FORTVER (Bavarian Research Asso ciation on Combustion), JM BURGERS CENTRE for Fluid Dynamics. Their help is gratefully acknowledged. The present Proceedings contain the written versions of nine invited lectures and fifty-nine selected and reviewed contributions which are organized in four parts: 1 Issues in LES modelling and numerics 2 Laminar-turbulent transition 3 Turbulent flows involving complex physical phenomena 4 Turbulent flows in complex geometries and in technical applications.

Micro and nano-fluidics concerns fluid dynamics occurring in devices or flow configurations with minimum design length measured in micrometers or smaller. The behavior of fluids at these scales is quite different from that at the macroscopic level due to the presence of surface tension effects, wetting phenomena, Brownian diffusion and hydrodynamic interactions with immersed particles and microstructures. These effects cannot be generally represented in a classical homogeneous continuum framework. However, this triggers the development of new tools to investigate and simulate problems at the meso-scopic level.

This book contains a collection of works presented at the IUTAM Symposium on Advances on Micro and Nano-fluidics held in Dresden in 2007. It covers several subjects of wide interest for micro and nano-fluidics applications focusing on both, analytical and numerical approaches. Topics covered in particular include multi-scale particle methods for numerical simulations, liquid-wall interactions and modeling approaches, modeling of immersed nano-scale structures, organized flow behavior at micro and nano-scales, and methods for control of micro- and nano-scale flows.

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a non-intrusive optical measurement technique which allows capturing several thousand velocity vectors within large flow fields instantaneously. Today, the PIV technique has spread widely and differentiated into many distinct applications, from micro flows over combustion to supersonic flows for both industrial needs and research. Over the past decade the measurement technique and the hard- and software have been improved continuously so that PIV has become a reliable and accurate method for "real life" investigations. Nevertheless there is still an ongoing process of improvements and extensions of the PIV technique towards 3D, time resolution, higher accuracy, measurements under harsh conditions and micro- and macroscales. This book gives a synopsis of the main results achieved during the EC-funded network PivNet 2 as well as a survey of the state of the art of scientific research using PIV techniques in different fields of application.

In the last 25 years, one of the most striking advances in Fluid Mecha nics was certainly the discovery of coherent structures in turbulence: lab oratory experiments and numerical simulations have shown that most turbulent flows exhibit both spatially-organized large-scale structures and disorganized motions, generally at smaller scales. The develop ment of new measurement and visualization techniques have allowed a more precise characterization and investigation of these structures in the laboratory. Thanks to the unprecedented increase of computer power and to the development of efficient interactive three-dimensional colour graphics, computational fluid dynamicists can explore the still myste rious world of turbulence. However, many problems remain unsolved concerning the origin of these structures, their dynamics, and their in teraction with the disorganized motions. In this book will be found the latest results of experimentalists, theoreticians and numerical modellers interested in these topics. These coherent structures may appear on airplane wings or slender bodies, mixing layers, jets, wakes or boundary-layers. In free-shear flows and in boundary layers, the results presented here highlight the intense three-dimensional character of the vortices. The two-dimensional large scale eddies are very sensitive to three-dimensional perturbations, whose amplification leads to the formation of three-dimensional coherent vorti cal structures, such as streamwise, hairpin or horseshoe vortex filaments. This book focuses on modern aspects of turbulence study. Relations between turbulence theory and optimal control theory in mathematics are discussed. This may have important applications with regard to, e. g. , numerical weather forecasting.

This volume contains results of a European project on Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of the flow around an airfoil. The main objective of the LESFOIL project was to assess the suitability of LES for airfoil flow. In conclusion, preliminary work was carried out such as development of numerical methods, and subgrid modelling in geometrically simple flows such as fully developed channel flow and periodic flow in a channel with a curved hill-shaped surface. Accurate LES of wall-bounded flow requires fine cells in the near-wall region in all coordinate directions. In an attempt to release this constraint, a large part of the LESFOIL project was aimed at developing and validating different approximate near-wall treatments. In the second half of the book, several LESs of the flow around the Aerospatiale-A airfoil are presented, using different numerical methods, grids, SGS models and near-wall treatments.

Modelling Fluid Flow presents invited lectures, workshop summaries and a selection of papers from a recent international conference CMFF '03 on fluid technology. The lectures follow the current evolution and the newest challenges of the computational methods and measuring techniques related to fluid flow. The workshop summaries reflect the recent trends, open questions and unsolved problems in the mutually inspiring fields of experimental and computational fluid mechanics. The papers cover a wide range of fluids engineering, including reactive flow, chemical and process engineering, environmental fluid dynamics, turbulence modelling, numerical methods, and fluid machinery.