Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

New geochemical and mineralogical data from research conducted under the IAEA coordinated research project entitled Geochemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Uranium and Thorium Deposits has resulted in a better understanding of the genesis of uranium and thorium mineralization. This publication presents a summary of the research and selected papers from the project’s partners. The results are expected to enhance exploration programmes, resource evaluation and sustainable supply of uranium and thorium for peaceful purposes.

In den letzten Jahren wurde ich ofters aufgefordert, vor Horern sehr verschiedenen Bildungsgrades uber die Ergebnisse zu berichten, die die Chemie und insbesondere die Lehre von den chemischen Elementen der radioaktiven Forschung ver dankt. Das grosse. Interesse, das diesen Fragen entgegen gebracht wird, veranlasst mich, in dem vorliegenden Bandchen einen Uberblick uber das genannte Thema zu geben. Da uber die altere Entwickelung des Gebietes, die dem Studium der radioaktiven Umwandlungen der Elemente galt, zahlreiche auch populare Schriften vorliegen, habe ich die Umwandlungstheorie verhaltnismassig kurz behandelt und das Hauptgewicht auf die neuere Lehre von den isotopen Elementen gelegt, wobei auch die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Spektro skopie der Rontgenstrahlen und der Erforschung der Atom struktur gestreift wurden. Die Darstellung wurde auf einem solchen Niveau gehalten, dass sie (bis auf ganz wenige spezielleren Fragen gewidmete Abschnitte) wohl jedem Leser, dem die Grundlagen der Physik und Chemie bekannt sind, verstandlich sein durfte. Ich hoffe aber, dass das Buchlein auch physikalischen und chemischen Fachmannern willkommen sein wird, die die rasche Ent wickelung des Gebietes nicht selbst an der Hand der Original literatur verfolgen konnen."

Bei der zunehmenden Verbreitung und den vielen Eigentiimlich- keiten der Quarzlampe hat sich das Bediirfnis nach einer system a- tischen Zusammenstellung ihrer Eigenschaften und einer iibersicht- lichen Beschreibung ihrer konstruktiven Einzelheiten geltend gemacht. Zur Fiillung dieser Liicke solI die vorliegende Schrift beitragen und den, der praktisch mit der Lampe zu tun hat oder an ihrer Weiter- entwicklung arbeiten will, unterstiitzen. Die Quarzlampe ist jetzt sozusagen aus ihren Kinderjahren ins Jiinglingsalter, wo die Entwicklung am Auffallendsten zu sein pflegt, getreten. Bei der Fortbildung der Lampe treten zunachst zwei Probleme hervor: Erstens die Vereinfachung des Quarzbrenners, der der kost- spieligste und der einzige merklicher Abniitzung unterworfene Teil der Lampe ist; zweitens die Schaffung einer billigen Wechselstrom- lampe. Die Losung der ersten Aufgabe ist bereits durch die Ein- fiihrung von festen Anoden und direkt eingeschmolzenen Zuleitdrahten an Stelle der "Invarstifte" in Sehweite geriickt. Hinsichtlich des zweiten Problems aber glaube ich, daB man sich mit dem Festhalten an der von der Cooper Hewitt-Lampe her iibernommenen Gleich- richterschaltung auf falschem Wege befindet; aussichtsvoller scheint es mir, durch Erhohung der den Elektroden aufgedriickten Spannung und Erleichterung der "Riickziindung" auf einen Wechselstrombrennel' mit nur zwei Elektroden hinzuarbeiten. Bei der Zusammenstellung des Stoffes bin ich durch Dbersendung von Material von den meisten einschlagigen Firmen, hauptsachlich abel' von der Quarzlampen-Gesellschaft m. b. H. in Hanau, in liebenswiil'diger Weise unterstiitzt worden. AuBerdem haben die Herren Prof. Dr. Wilh. Hampel in Reichenberg undIng. Leop.

This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curated for quality. Quality assurance was conducted on each of these books in an attempt to remove books with imperfections introduced by the digitization process. Though we have made best efforts - the books may have occasional errors that do not impede the reading experience. We believe this work is culturally important and have elected to bring the book back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.

Die vorliegende Arbeit bezweckt, eine Ubersicht uber die Untersuchungen an radioaktiven Substanzen zu geben, die ich seit mehr als vier Jahren ausfuhre. Der Ausgangspunkt war eine Untersuchung der von Herrn Becquerel entdeckten Uran strahlen. Die Resultate, zu welchen diese Arbeit mich fuhrte, schienen eine so interessante Perspektive zu eroffnen, dass Herr Curie, unter Aufgabe seiner eigenen Arbeiten, sich mit mir ver einigte und wir gemeinsam auf das Ziel hinarbeiteten, die neuen radioaktiven Substanzen zu extrahiren und naher zu er. forschen. Von Anfang unserer Untersuchungen an hielten wir uns fur verpflichtet, Proben der von uns entdeckten und hergestellten Substanzen an einige Physiker zu verleihen, vor allen Dingen an Herrn Becquerel, den Entdecker der Uran strahlen. So haben wir selbst die Untersuchungen andrer uber die radioaktiven Sub stanzen erleichtert. Bald nach unsren ersten Veroffentlichungen befasste sich auch Herr Giesel in Deutschland mit der Herstellung dieser Substanzrn und verlieh ebenfalls Proben davon an mehrere deutsche Physiker. Spater wurden die Substanzen in Deutsch land und Frankreich in den Handel gebracht und die immer mehr zunehmende Wichtigkeit des Gegenstandes wurde die Veranlassung zu einer wissenschaftlichen Bewegung, so dass zahlreiche Arbeiten uber die radioaktiven Korper erschienen sind und noch fort wahrend erscheinen, vor allem im Ausland. Die verschiedenen franzosischen und auslandischen Arbeiten fuhren naturlich zum Teil zu gleichen Resultaten, wie bei jedem neuen und in Bildung Curie, Untersuchungen Uber radioaktive Substanzen. 1 2 begriffenen Wissenszweig. Das Aussehen der Frage andert sich sozusagen von Tag zu Tag."

Synchrotron radiation is the name given to the radiation which occurs when charged particles are accelerated in a curved path or orbit. Classically, any charged particle which moves in a curved path or is accelerated in a straight-line path will emit electromagnetic radiation. Various names are given to this radiation in different contexts. Thus circular particle accelerators are called synchrotrons, this is where charged particles are accelerated to very high speeds and the radiation is referred to as synchrotron radiation.Suitable for a summer short course or one term lecture series this text introduces the subject, starting with some historical background then covering basic concepts such as flux, intensity, brilliance, emittance and Liouville's theorem. The book then covers the properties of synchrotron radiation, insertion devices, beamlines and monochromators before finishing with an introduction to free electron lasers and an overview of the most common techniques and applications of this technology.

Optogenetic tools have allowed significant advances in the understanding of biological problems, particularly in the neurosciences field. Biological tools as well as optical set-ups have evolved and a wide range of probes and light-controllable modules are now available. The aim of this book is to give a flavour of illumination strategies and imaging with an overview of the different optogenetic tools and their main applications in cell biology. Based on examples covering the different aspects of cell biology, this book provides a practical approach for using light-emitting sensors and light-driven actuators.

Combining the basic concepts of photocatalysis with the synthesis of new catalysts, reactor and reaction engineering, this book provides a comprehensive resource on the topic. The book introduces the fundamental aspects of photocatalysis including the role of surface chemistry and understanding the chemistry of photocatalytic processes before exploring the theory and experimental studies of charge carrier dynamics. Specific chapters then cover new materials for the degradation of organics; water splitting and CO2 reduction; as well as reactor and reaction engineering. Researchers new to this discipline can learn the first principles, whilst experienced researchers can gain further information about aspects in photocatalysis beyond their area of expertise. Together with Photocatalysis: Applications, these volumes provide a complete overview to photocatalysis.

Ultraviolent (UV) radiation represents a comparatively small part of the total electromagnetic spectrum, yet this portion of the spectrum is responsible for an extremely wide range of effects in many different settings. In biological systems, it can produce good and bad outcomes. We use UV radiation to drive chemical reactions that are desired, and we know that it also drives environmental reactions that are harmful to living organisms. We use UV radiation to interrogate molecules and to analyze cells. Some animals view our world in the UV radiation range, while astronomers use UV to study the universe; in both cases, what is observed is very different from that observed using other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. This volume gives the reader just the very beginning of the broad range of properties, applications, and effects of UV radiation and is intended to stimulate the reader to explore more of this fascinating part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

The question of "what to do with radioactive waste" has been raised frequently for both fission and fusion power plants. In recent years, fusion designers have become increasingly aware of the large amount of mildly radioactive materials that fusion generates. The search for a suitable solution has stimulated discussions about the origin and nature of fusion radioactive waste. This book discusses the perspectives of managing fusion radioactive materials. It also discusses the canister quandary, and the nuclear security system in Georgia.

Little is known about lithium-7 production in China and Russia and whether their supplies can meet future domestic demand. According to industry representatives, China and Russia produce enough lithium-7 to meet demand from U.S. pressurised water reactors, a type of commercial nuclear power reactor that requires lithium-7 for safe operation. This book examines what is known about the supply and demand of lithium-7, what federal agencies are responsible for managing supply risks, and alternative options to mitigate a potential shortage. The authors of this book also discuss the management of helium-3 and the availability of tritium for the weapons stockpile to the National Nuclear Security Administration.

2013 Reprint of 1939 Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. Georges Lakhovsky (1869-1942) was a Russian engineer, scientist, author and inventor. His controversial medical treatment invention, the Multiple Wave Oscillator, is described as having been used by him in the treatment of cancer. Lakhovsky published books and articles that claimed and attempted to demonstrate that living cells emit and receive electromagnetic radiations at their own high frequencies. In 1939 he published "The Secret of Life: Electricity, Radiation and Your Body" in which he claimed and attempted to demonstrate that good or bad health was determined by the relative health of these cellular oscillations, and bacteria, cancers, and other pathogens corrupted them, causing interference with these oscillations. Numerous depictions pictured in the book supposedly have Lakhovsky in a Paris, France hospital conducting clinical research treating cancer patients with before, during, and after photographs.

The Department of Energy is the only domestic supplier for many of the over 300 different isotopes it sells that are critical to medical, commercial, research, and national security applications. Previous shortages of some isotopes, such as helium-3, an isotope used to detect radiation at seaports and border crossings, highlight the importance of managing supplies of and demand for critical isotopes. Additionally, the U.S. neutron science effort continues to be world-class, with searches for the neutron electric dipole moment and measurements of the neutron lifetime, radiative decay, beta decay correlation coefficients, hadronic parity violation, and interferometry. This book provides an overview of select assessments of national science programs relating to both isotopes and neutrons.

The field of nuclear and radiochemistry is wide-reaching, with results having functions and use across a variety of disciplines. Drawing on 40 years of experience in teaching and research, this concise book explains the basic principles and applications of the primary areas of nuclear and radiochemistry. Separate chapters cover each main area of recent radiochemistry. This includes nuclear medicine and chemical aspects of nuclear power plants, namely the problems of nuclear wastes and nuclear analysis (both bulk and surface analysis), with the analytical methods based on the interactions of radiation with matter. Furthermore, special attention is paid to thermodynamics of radioisotope tracer methods, the very diluted system (carrier-free radioactive isotopes) and the principles of chemical processes with unsealed radioactive sources. This book will be helpful to students and researchers in chemistry, chemical engineering, environmental sciences, and specialists working in all fields of radiochemistry.

2013 Reprint of 1958 Edition. Exact facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. In 1947, Bethe Edited the Los Alamos Report "Blast Wave" Rept. LA-2000], one of his most cited works among shock physicists, which describes how a nuclear weapon blast wave develops over time and distant. This report also contains contributions by John von Neumann, John Magee, Klaus Fuchs and other prominent scientists. Reprints the expanded edition of 1958 with all supplements. Very rare in the original edition.

Ionizing radiation is radiation composed of particles that individually can liberate an electron from an atom or molecule, producing ions, which are atoms or molecules with a net electric charge. These tend to be especially chemically reactive, and the reactivity produces the high biological damage caused per unit of energy of ionizing radiation. This new book examines the applications, sources and biological effects of ionizing radiation with a focus on the analytical methods for the identification of irradiated foods; protein kinases as fundamental participants in the response to DNA damage from ionizing radiation; radiative defects in nanocyrstals as compared with those in bulk crystals; mechanical and optical properties of ionic crystals; mtDNA as a marker of radiation damage; antioxidant prophylaxis of radiation stress; and dosimetry characterisation of a cobalt-60 y-irradiation facility for the radiation sterilization of insects.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is increasingly being used amongst health practitioners in combating a variety of diseases. One common strategy used during this light activated process is to induce the accumulation of significant amounts of a photosensitising agent in the diseased tissue. The naturally occurring amino acid 5-aminovulinic acid (ALA) is used to produce high levels of the photosensitizer, Protoprophyin IX, in the therapy known as ALA-PDT. Written by experts in the field Photodynamic therapy with ALA outlines a variety of clinical approaches to the topic, outlining current applications. These include the use of ALA-PDT and ALA-FD (fluorescence diagnosis) in the areas of dermatology, urology, brain, otorhinolaryngology, gynaecology and gastroenterology. Also included is a chapter that comprehensively reviews the scientific principles of ALA-PDT. Primarily aimed at a clinical audience Photodynamic therapy with ALA should provide a comprehensive review and useful insight into ALA-PDT.

CONTENTS: Preface Introduction -- Muriel Mitchell-Smith Regulations and Standards General and Biological Risks Radioluminous Materials Mining, Agricultural, and Construction Materials Containing Radioactivity Products Containing Radioactive Sources Miscellaneous Products Panel Discussion

Numerous sources of ionizing radiation can lead to human exposure: natural sources, nuclear explosions, nuclear power generation, use of radiation in medical, industrial and research purposes, and radiation emitting consumer products. Before assessing the radiation dose to a population one requires a precise knowledge of the activity of a number of radionuclides. The basis for the assessment of the dose to a population from a release of radioactivity to the environment, the estimation of the potential clinical heath effects due to the dose received and, ultimately, the implementation of countermeasures to protect the population, is the measurement of radioactive contamination in the environment after the release.
It is the purpose of this book to present the facts about the presence of radionuclides in the environment, natural and man made. There is no aspect of radioactivity, which has marked the passing century, not mentioned or discussed in this book.

This book, the third in the series Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment, is dedicated to Fukushima. Major findings from research since 2011 are reviewed concerning the behavior of radionuclides released into the environment due to the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, including atmospheric transport and fallout of radionuclides, their fate, and transport in the soil-water environment, behavior in freshwater, coastal and marine environment, transfer in the terrestrial and agricultural environment. Volume III discusses not only radionuclides dynamics in the environment in the short- and mid-term, but also modeling and prediction of long-term time changes. Along with reviews, the book contains original data and results not published previously. It was spearheaded by the authors from the Institute of Environmental Radioactivity at Fukushima University, established two years after the Fukushima accident, with their collaborators from Japan, Russia, and Ukraine. The knowledge emerging from the studies of the environmental behavior of Fukushima-derived radionuclides enables us to move forward in understanding mechanisms of environmental contamination and leads to better modeling and prediction of long-term pollution effects in general.