This book offers comprehensive coverage of the most important areas in photoreceptors and light signalling. Photoreceptors enable most species to sense not only the presence of light but also the information, such as irradiance, colour or spectral distribution, direction and polarization of light. They are vital, therefore, in providing organisms with energy and information about their surroundings, such as day and night cycles. This book covers the range of photoreceptors that have been discovered to date and the broad range of methods used when researching how they operate, including: action spectroscopy; methods for protein purification; the whole range of molecular biological and genetic methods; and numerous spectroscopic methods, from absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy to X-ray diffraction, used for solving the structure of photoreceptors. Written by leading experts in the field, Photoreceptors and Light Signalling provides the reader with the most recent results and research. This book will be valued by a wide-range of readers, including students of photochemistry, photobiology, biology, chemistry and physics and other professionals in academia.

The chemical synthesis of isotopically labelled compounds is a pre-requisite for many chemical, biochemical and medicinal investigations. The constraints imposed by the requirements for regiospecific labelling and, in some instances, the time-scale of the synthesis often lead to quite different synthetic strategies to those that are used for the unlabelled material. Whilst there are many specialist papers, reviews and long books devoted to particular isotopes, there is no currently available short introductory book devoted to the organic chemistry of isotopic labelling. The aim of this book is to introduce research workers to a variety of methods that have been used to achieve these synthetic labelling objectives before exploring a particular method in detail. It covers a number of different isotopes and the methods that have been used to introduce them into organic compounds. Labelling methods also provide useful undergraduate teaching examples of modern synthetic reactions and their stereochemical consequences using relatively simple substrates. The book will therefore have a wider appeal than just those involved in using isotopes in research such as environmental and pharmaceutical chemists as well as organic chemists.

Nuclear materials include materials relevant to nuclear fission and fusion reactors and high power accelerator technologies, and closely related aspects of materials science and engineering. Processes and properties include atomic lattice defects, microstructures, thermodynamics, corrosion and mechanical and physical properties. Included are fission reactor materials, including fuels, cladding, core structures, pressure vessels, moderator and control components; fission product behaviour; Materials aspects of the entire fuel cycle; Performance of nuclear waste materials, glasses and ceramics, immobilisation of wastes; Fusion reactor materials, including first walls, blankets, insulators and magnets; Neutron radiation effects in materials, including defects, microstructures, transmutations, phase changes and macroscopic properties; Interaction of plasmas, ion beams, electron beams and electromagnetic radiation with materials. The book presents state-of-the art research in this field which is crucial to the growth and exploitation of nuclear energy.

Kompakt, interdiziplinar, praxisorientiert - so prasentiert sich dieses facettenreiche Lehrbuch der Photochemie.
Das gut strukturierte und sehr verstandlich geschriebene Werk macht den Leser mit allen bedeutenden photochemischen Prozessen vertraut. Das Spektrum reicht dabei von den klassischen photochemischen Reaktionen, uber die Photosynthese, Chemolumineszenz, Photovoltaik und Photopolymerisationen bis hin zur photodynamischen Krebstherapie. Die vielschichtigen Lerninhalte werden stets kompetent und anschaulich dargestellt, und die uberprufung und Vertiefung des Lernstoffes ist anhand zahlreicher aktueller Literaturhinweise zu jedem Kapitel gewahrleistet.
Der zweite Teil des Buches stellt ausfuhrlich Methoden und Experimente zu den Lerninhalten vor. Diese Versuche werden sicherlich das experimentelle Repertoire von vielen Vorlesungen und Praktika bereichern und auch wertvolle Anregungen fur Forschungsarbeiten liefern.
Ein "Lichtblick" fur Chemiker, Physiker, Biologen, Mediziner... kurz fur alle, die eine Einfuhrung in die vielfaltigen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Licht und Materie suchen

Cleavage of water to its constituents (i.e., hydrogen and oxygen) for production of hydrogen energy at an industrial scale is one of the "holy grails" of materials science. That can be done by utilizing the renewable energy resource i.e. sunlight and photocatalytic material. The sunlight and water are abundant and free of cost available at this planet. But the development of a stable, efficient and cost-effective photocatalytic material to split water is still a great challenge. To develop the effective materials for photocatalytic water splitting, various type of materials with different sizes and structures from nano to giant have been explored that includes metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, carbides, nitrides, phosphides, and so on. Fundamental concepts and state of art materials for the water splitting are also discussed to understand the phenomenon/mechanism behind the photoelectrochemical water splitting. This book gives a comprehensive overview and description of the manufacturing of photocatalytic materials and devices for water splitting by controlling the chemical composition, particle size, morphology, orientation and aspect ratios of the materials. The real technological breakthroughs in the development of the photoactive materials with considerable efficiency, are well conversed to bring out the practical aspects of the technique and its commercialization.

Photochemical reactions have tremendous scientific importance, ranging from photosynthesis to atmospheric reactions, and technologies such as sensors or displays. Due to the intrinsic complexity of photochemical reactions, they remain the least understood type of chemical process. Nonadiabatic dynamics, ultrafast time-scales, quantum effects and conical intersections are known to be important, but a detailed comprehension remains elusive. However, new experimental techniques capable of monitoring photochemical processes in unprecedented detail are appearing. Many of these techniques are being developed by research communities not traditionally concerned with photochemistry, but provide an opportunity to shed new light on photochemical dynamics. This Faraday Discussion brings together experimentalists and theoreticians working from different perspectives in the field. It provides the opportunity to identify how new techniques can complement each other, to address contention and controversy, and to propose future research.

Combining the basic concepts of photocatalysis with the synthesis of new catalysts, reactor and reaction engineering, and exploring the numerous important applications of photocatalysis, these books provide a comprehensive resource on the topic. Photocatalysis: Fundamentals and Perspectives introduces the fundamental aspects of photocatalysis before exploring the theory and experimental studies of charge carrier dynamics. Photocatalysis: Applications discusses photocatalytic processes applied to a wide range of areas, from the treatment of water and air; to photocatalysis in food packaging and biomedical and medical applications. Together these books provide a complete overview to photocatalysis. Researchers new to this field can learn the first principles, whilst experienced researchers can gain further information about applications of photocatalysis beyond their area of expertise.

The only combined organic photochemistry and photobiology handbook As spectroscopic, synthetic and biological tools become more and more sophisticated, photochemistry and photobiology are merging-making interdisciplinary research essential. Following in the footsteps of its bestselling predecessors, the CRC Handbook of Organic Photochemistry and Photobiology, Third Edition has evolved into a state-of-the-art collection on modern aspects of photochemistry and photobiology. A compilation 67 of topical reviews by leading experts, this compilation provides cutting-edge information on the applications of photochemical and photobiological principles, techniques, and methodologies. New and updated topics in this edition include Industrial photochemistry Photocatalyic water splitting Photocatalysis Photostability of drugs Photochemistry in microreactors Photochemical key-steps in organic synthesis Photochirogenesis Photolabile protecting groups Solar photochemistry Computational photochemistry and photobiology Spin-center shift reactions Sustainable photochemistry Artificial photosynthetic systems Biology of UV-A radiation UV radiation and vitamin D Photodynamic drug delivery Photoimmunology Photodermatology Endogenous antioxidant photoprotection and its enhancement in human skin Phototoxicity of drugs Photodynamic approaches to water disinfection This high-quality and concise collection bridges traditional topics, current trends, and future directions to provide you with the most authoritative and complete resource available on the subject. The IUPAC glossary of photochemistry is included as a CD-ROM.

A description of applications to electrical conductors, nonlinear optical devices, polymer light-omitting diodes (LEDs), electronic devices, batteries, antistatic coatings, and transistors. It reviews cases of metal-organic polymers incorporated with traditional organic polymers; assesses key properties of conjugated polymers; discusses features of d10 complexes and their interactions with DNA; and more.

Over the past few decades, the excitation and ionization of atmospheric gases has become an area of intense research. A large amount of data have been accumulated concerning the various elementary processes which occur when photons, electrons and ions collide with atoms and molecules. This scattered information has now been collected in a handbook for the first time, and the authors give a critical analysis of relevant data.
This book is a comprehensive and detailed study of the available information and is distinguished by the following outstanding features: the consideration of a large number of atmospheric constituents, including H DEGREESO2, H, N DEGREESO2, N, O DEGREESO2, O, CO, CO DEGREESO2, H DEGREESO2O, HCl and some hydrocarbons the maximum number of space particles, including magnetospheric particles, are considered as projectiles: photons, electrons, hydrogen atoms, protons and helium ionsthe energy range under study corresponds to the real spectrum of cosmic fluxes, from threshold values for elementary processes up to several thousand keV the recommended values of cross sections, obtained from analysis of the available experimental data, are given in the handbook and their accuracy is estimated.
These features make the handbook particularly valuable to specialists in the aeronomy of planets, comets and active perturbations, as well as to experimentalists and theoreticians working in the fields of plasma physics, atomic and molecular physics, physics of the upper atmosphere, chemical physics, o

Laser photoelectron emission not only allows investigation of interfaces between electrodes and solution, but also provides a method for fast generation of intermediate species in the vicinity of the interface and so permits study of their electrode reactions. Laser Electrochemistry of Intermediates presents the first-ever comprehensive review of this important phenomenon and its electrochemical applications.
The book explores how the innovative method of laser electron emission from metal electrodes resolves two fundamental problems inherent in current methods of intermediate species (IS) generation and detection: difficulty generating IS quickly in the vicinity of the electrode surface and low IS surface concentration. In addition, for the first time, quasi-free and solvated electrons, hydrogen atoms, simple organic and inorganic radicals, and ions with anomalous valence are systematically studied.
Laser Electrochemistry of Intermediates incorporates a unique, two-pronged analytical approach. First, the authors consider the kinetics and thermodynamics of the processes based on the participation of IS in its one-electron stages, thus allowing the assignment of real physical meaning to the electrochemical measurables. Second, they consider electrode reactions side by side with homogeneous reactions of electron transfer, facilitating understanding of the universal theory of electron transfer reactions in polar media as well as the peculiarities of these reactions occurring in the interface between electrode and solution.

Answering the need for information that could revolutionize the development of alternate solar energy sources and the reduction of atmospheric contaminants, Semiconductor Photochemistry and Photophysics reflects renewed interest inspired by the unique properties of nanocrystalline semiconductor particles. It provides a thorough overview and describes fundamental research aimed at understanding the underlying mechanisms of the cells and looks at the application of nanocrystalline TiO2 as a photocatalyst for environmental remediation. Key topics include semiconductor photoelectrochemistry, dye-sensitized solar cells, and photocatalytic treatment of chemical waste.