Ausgehend von den Grundlagen der Plasmaphysik spannt das Buch einen Bogen zwischen den verschiedenen Feldern der Wissenschaft sowie zwischen Experiment und Theorie. Es wurde der anschauliche Zugang des Experimentalphysikers gewahlt, um die vielfaltigen Phanomene der Plasmaphysik zur erklaren, ohne dabei die mathematisch korrekte Beschreibung zu vernachlassigen. Die entwickelten Grundlagen finden Anwendung in Beispielen aus dem weiten Bereich der Plasmatechnologie bis zur Fusionsforschung, von Labor- zu extraterrestrischen Plasmen, wobei die Fusionsforschung ein Schwerpunkt bildet.

The Black Book of Quantum Chromodynamics is an in-depth introduction to the particle physics of current and future experiments at particle accelerators. The book offers the reader an overview of practically all aspects of the strong interaction necessary to understand and appreciate modern particle phenomenology at the energy frontier. It assumes a working knowledge of quantum field theory at the level of introductory textbooks used for advanced undergraduate or in standard postgraduate lectures. The book expands this knowledge with an intuitive understanding of relevant physical concepts, an introduction to modern techniques, and their application to the phenomenology of the strong interaction at the highest energies. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, it also serves as a comprehensive reference for LHC experimenters and theorists. This book offers an exhaustive presentation of the technologies developed and used by practitioners in the field of fixed-order perturbation theory and an overview of results relevant for the ongoing research programme at the LHC. It includes an in-depth description of various analytic resummation techniques, which form the basis for our understanding of the QCD radiation pattern and how strong production processes manifest themselves in data, and a concise discussion of numerical resummation through parton showers, which form the basis of event generators for the simulation of LHC physics, and their matching and merging with fixed-order matrix elements. It also gives a detailed presentation of the physics behind the parton distribution functions, which are a necessary ingredient for every calculation relevant for physics at hadron colliders such as the LHC, and an introduction to non-perturbative aspects of the strong interaction, including inclusive observables such as total and elastic cross sections, and non-trivial effects such as multiple parton interactions and hadronization. The book concludes with a useful overview contextualising data from previous experiments such as the Tevatron and the Run I of the LHC which have shaped our understanding of QCD at hadron colliders.

Der Autor analysiert detailliert sowohl die nachhaltigen Auswirkungen der tiefgreifenden gesellschaftspolitischen Veranderungen zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts auf das System Wissenschaft, als auch das wissenschaftliche Werk von Max Steenbeck. Mit dem methodischen Zugang uber den Ressourcenbegriff in Kombination mit dem der Forschungstechnologien eroeffnet die Studie neue Perspektiven auf Zusammenhange von Forschungsstrukturen/Forschungspraxis und dem Wirken eines Naturwissenschaftlers in grundverschiedenen Forschungssettings nach den grossen Umwalzungen im Weltbild der Physik.

Daniel Schallus stellt aus mathematischer ebenso wie aus physikalischer Sicht fundiert und verstandlich den Zusammenhang zwischen Kausalitat, Analytizitat und den Dispersionsrelationen dar. Anhand verschiedener Beispiele, etwa dem optischen Theorem oder den Kramers-Kronig-Relationen, erlautert er das Zusammenspiel dieser Trias. Die untersuchten Exempel liegen im Bereich der klassischen Mechanik und Feldtheorie, der nichtrelativistischen Quantenmechanik und der relativistischen Quantenfeldtheorie.

There have been many demonstrations, particularly for magnetic impurity ions in crystals, that spin-Hamiltonians are able to account for a wide range of experimental results in terms of much smaller numbers of parameters. Yet they were originally derived from crystal field theory, which contains a logical flaw; electrons on the magnetic ions are distinguished from those on the ligands. Thus there is a challenge: to replace crystal field theory with one of equal or greater predictive power that is based on a surer footing. The theory developed in this book begins with a generic Hamiltonian, one that is common to most molecular and solid state problems and that does not violate the symmetry requirements imposed on electrons and nuclei. Using a version of degenerate perturbation theory due to Bloch and the introduction of Wannier functions, projection operators, and unitary transformations, Stevens shows that it is possible to replace crystal field theory as a basis for the spin-Hamiltonians of single magnetic ions and pairs and lattices of magnetic ions, even when the nuclei have vibrational motion. The power of the method is further demonstrated by showing that it can be extended to include lattice vibration and conduction by electron hopping such as probably occurs in high-Tc superconductors. Thus Stevens shows how an apparently successful ad hoc method of the past can be replaced by a much more soundly based one that not only incorporates all the previous successes but appears to open the way to extensions far outside the scope of the previously available methods. So far only some of these have been explored. The book should therefore be of great interest to all physicists and chemists concerned with understanding the special properties of molecules and solids that are imposed by the presence of magnetic ions. Originally published in 1997. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

In the 1920s, when quantum mechanics was in its infancy, chemists and solid state physicists had little choice but to manipulate unwieldy equations to determine the properties of even the simplest molecules. When mathematicians turned their attention to the equations of quantum mechanics, they discovered that these could be expressed in terms of group theory, and from group theory it was a short step to operator methods. This important development lay largely dormant until this book was originally published in 1963. In this pathbreaking publication, Brian Judd made the operator techniques of mathematicians comprehensible to physicists and chemists. He extended the existing methods so that they could handle heavier, more complex molecules and calculate their energy levels, and from there, it was another short step to the mathematical analysis of spectra. This book provides a first-class introduction to continuous groups for physicists and chemists. Although first written from the perspective of atomic spectroscopy, its major topics and methods will appeal to anyone who has an interest in understanding particle theories of nuclear physics. Originally published in 1998. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

A clear and well-organized review of what is presently known about nuclear structure. Emphasis is less upon mathematical detail than upon the obtaining of a clear perspective which relates the various lines of approach to this complex and rapidly developing field. Particular attention is paid to nuclear models and to the several types of nuclear reactions. Originally published in 1958. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Carsten Kleppel liefert eine verstandliche Motivation und Diskussion der Dirac-Gleichung, von der aus mit Hilfe der Feldquantisierung und Stoerungstheorie die Grundzuge der Quantenelektrodynamik erschlossen werden. Die nach P. A. M. Dirac benannte Gleichung ist eine der groessten Errungenschaften der theoretischen Physik des 20. Jahrhunderts und bildete eine wichtige Grundlage der Entwicklung der Quantenelektrodynamik.

Ausgehend von den Ergebnissen des Standardmodells der Elementarteilchenphysik analysiert Thomas Christian Bruckner die Ergebnisse der modernen Teilchenphysik. Hierbei zeigt er auf, welche Grundkonzeptionen das Standardmodell beinhaltet. Sein Ziel ist insbesondere eine ontologische Charakterisierung der Elementarteilchen, welche anhand der Theorie der Tropen erfolgt. Wie sich dabei zeigt, weist dieser Ansatz insbesondere fur diesen Gegenstand gegenuber der traditionellen Substanzontologie klare Vorteile auf.

Der Pauli-Briefwechsel ist eine der wichtigsten Quellen zur Geschichte der Physik des 20. Jahrhunderts. Fur diesen ersten Teilband wurden zunachst 430 Briefe aus den Jahren 1950 - 1952 ausgewahlt. Sie dokumentieren neben der physikalischen Grundlagenforschung die ideengeschichtlichen Probleme dieser Zeit. UEber das rein historische Interesse hinausgehend wird der Leser zur Reflexion uber die Grenzen unseres gegenwartigen naturwissenschaftlichen Weltbildes angeregt. Ein Standardwerk fur jeden, der sich ernsthaft mit der Geschichte der Physik auseinandersetzt.

Jurgen Beetz zeigt zuerst den Ursprung der erdachten Geschichten der Physik aus der Steinzeit, denn vieles ist so einfach, dass es schon Steinzeitmenschen hatten verstehen koennen. Im Anschluss daran erklart der Autor den Aufbau von Atomen und sagt etwas zu ihren physikalischen Groessen aus. Obwohl "Atom" eigentlich "unteilbar" bedeutet, bestehen Atome dennoch aus Teilen - dies erlautert er im Weiteren genau. Schliesslich bespricht er die geheimnisvollen "Quanten" und ihr merkwurdiges Verhalten.

Phanomene unterschiedlicher typischer Zeit- oder Langenskalen unterliegen meist unterschiedlichen Gesetzmassigkeiten. In diese fur die jeweilige Skala einzufuhren, ist das Ziel dieses Buches. Es beginnt mit wichtigen Fakten und Modellvorstellungen uber die Struktur, uber den Zerfall und uber Streuprozesse von Kernen. Es folgt die "Zoologie" der Hadronen und der Grundtatsachen hadronischer Streuprozesse. Der dritte Teil des Buches gibt eine Kurzeinfuhrung in die Quantenelektrodynamik und die Quantenchromodynamik. Der Strom-Strom-Ansatz der schwachen Wechselwirkung und die Glashow-Weinberg-Salam-Theorie werden im vierten Teil erlautert. Die Higgs-Physik, die erklart, wie die Massen der Vektorbosonen und (hoechstwahrscheinlich) der Fermionen zustande kommen, bildet den Abschluss des Buches. Mit vielen Abbildungen und Beschreibungen versucht das Buch, auch einen Eindruck in die experimentellen Aspekte der jeweiligen Physik zu geben.

The past decade has seen unprecedented developments in the understanding of relativistic fluid dynamics in and out of equilibrium, with connections to astrophysics, cosmology, string theory, quantum information, nuclear physics and condensed matter physics. Romatschke and Romatschke offer a powerful new framework for fluid dynamics, exploring its connections to kinetic theory, gauge/gravity duality and thermal quantum field theory. Numerical algorithms to solve the equations of motion of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics as well as applications to various systems are discussed. In particular, the book contains a comprehensive review of the theory background necessary to apply fluid dynamics to simulate relativistic nuclear collisions, including comparisons of fluid simulation results to experimental data for relativistic lead-lead, proton-lead and proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The book is an excellent resource for students and researchers working in nuclear physics, astrophysics, cosmology, quantum many-body systems and string theory.

Simon Weingarten beschreibt die Entwicklung von Teilchendetektoren fur ein Upgradeprojekt des Triggersystems im CMS-Experiment. Auf Basis von schnellen Plastikszintillatoren und Silizium-Photomultipliern (SiPM) entwickelt der Autor einen neuen Myon-Detektor, der eine hohe Nachweiswahrscheinlichkeit mit grosser Signalreinheit verbindet. Der Einfluss verschiedener Modulparameter, wie z.B. die optische Ankopplung zwischen Szintillator und SiPM oder der Einsatz von reflektierenden Szintillatorumwickelungen, wird systematisch untersucht.

The quantum interference of de Broglie matter waves is probably one of the most startling and fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. It continues to tax our imaginations and leads us to new experimental windows on nature. Quantum interference phenomena are vividly displayed in the wide assembly of neutron interferometry experiments, which have been carried out since the first demonstration of a perfect silicon crystal interferometer in 1974. Since the neutron experiences all four fundamental forces of nature (strong, weak, electromagnetic, and gravitational), interferometry with neutrons provides a fertile testing ground for theory and precision measurements. Many Gedanken experiments of quantum mechanics have become real due to neutron interferometry. Quantum mechanics is a part of physics where experiment and theory are inseparably intertwined. This general theme permeates the second edition of this book. It discusses more than 40 neutron interferometry experiments along with their theoretical motivations and explanations. The basic ideas and results of interference experiments related to coherence and decoherence of matter waves and certain post-selection variations, gravitationally induced quantum phase shifts, Berry`s geometrical phases, spinor symmetry and spin superposition, and Bell's inequalities are all discussed and explained in this book. Both the scalar and vector Aharonov-Bohm topological interference effects and the neutron version of the Sagnac effect are presented in a self-contained and pedagogical way. Interferometry with perfect crystals, artificial lattices, and spin-echo systems are also topics of this book. It includes the theoretical underpinning as well as connections to other areas of experimental physics, such as quantum optics, nuclear physics, gravitation, and atom interferometry. The observed phase shifts due to the Earth's gravity and rotation indicate a close connection to relativity theory. Neutron interferometry can be considered as a central technique of quantum optics with massive particles. It has stimulated the development of interferometry with atoms, molecules and clusters. The book is written in a style that will be suitable at the senior undergraduate and beginning of graduate level. It will interest and excite many students and researchers in neutron, nuclear, quantum, gravitational, optical, and atomic physics. Lecturers teaching courses in modern physics and quantum mechanics will find a number of interesting and historic experiments they may want to include in their lectures.

Die Grundidee dieses einfuhrenden Lehrbuchs besteht darin, eine einheitliche Darstellung von Kern- und Teilchenphysik aus experimenteller Sicht zu geben. Die Reduktion der komplex aufgebauten Materie der Atomkerne und Nukleonen auf wenige Grundbausteine und Wechselwirkungen ist die erste Botschaft dieses Buchs. Der zweite Teil, der den Aufbau von Nukleonen und Kernen aus diesen Grundbausteinen beschreibt, macht deutlich, dass Komplexitat, die aus der Vielkorperwechselwirkung entsteht, in immer grosserem Mass die Gesetzmassigkeiten der zusammengesetzten Systeme bestimmt. Behandelt wird die Kernmaterie bei hohen Temperaturen und die Rolle von Kern- und Teilchenphysik bei astrophysikalischen Vorgangen. Die neuesten Entwicklungen in der Neutrinophysik werden dargestellt.
Die neue Auflage bietet neue Kapitel zur schwachen Wechselwirkung und zu den Baryonen. Das in straffem und klarem Stil abgefasste Lehrbuch eignet sich gut als Begleittext zu den einfuhrenden Vorlesungen an Hochschulen."

il libro e un testo di Elettrodinamica classica avanzata e comprende anche le basi della Teoria dei campi classici. Come tale e rivolto a qualsiasi studente o ricercatore di Fisica Teorica. Una caratteristica fondamentale del testo e rappresentata da una derivazione rigorosa dei fenomeni ettromagnetici dalle fondamenta teorico-matematiche della teoria, che mette bene in evidenze le inconsistenze e i limiti interni della teoria. Il testo contiene anche un certo numero di argomenti recenti o speculativi che nei libri di testo vengono affrontati solo superficialmente.

The second edition of an established graduate text, this book complements the material for a typical advanced graduate course in quantum mechanics by showing how the underlying classical structure is reflected in quantum mechanical interference and tunnelling phenomena, and in the energy and angular momentum distributions of quantum mechanical states in the moderate to large (10-100) quantum number regime. Applications include accurate quantization techniques for a variety of tunnelling and curve-crossing problems and of non-separable bound systems; direct inversion of molecular scattering and spectroscopic data; wavepacket propagation techniques; and the prediction and interpretation of elastic, inelastic and chemically reactive scattering. The main text concentrates less on the mathematical foundations than on the global influence of the classical phase space structures on the quantum mechanical observables. Further mathematical detail is contained in the appendices and worked problem sets are included as an aid to the student.

Das Buch bietet eine an der Praxis ausgerichtete Einfuhrung in den Strahlenschutz und seine physikalischen Grundlagen. Anhand von Beispielen, Ubungsaufgaben und einfachen Experimenten behandelt der Autor die biologische Strahlenwirkung und Quellen der Strahlenbelastung ebenso wie Messmethoden und Fragen der praktischen Umsetzung des Strahlenschutzes. Die vierte Auflage wurde auf den neuesten Stand der Technik gebracht und durch Kapitel uber Kernkraftwerke, Strahlungsquellen und die Effekte nicht-ionisierender Strahlung erganzt. "

Questo volume raccoglie le lezioni del Corso di Radioattivita impartite, inizialmente dall autore e successivamente da suoi collaboratori, agli studenti di Fisica presso l Universita di Pavia. I temi trattati costituiscono un introduzione ai fenomeni radioattivi in senso stretto con escursioni, aventi come base di partenza e filo conduttore il decadimento beta, nel campo della fisica delle particelle elementari, in particolare dei neutrini, e dell astrofisica. Alcuni argomenti sono tradizionali, altri riguardano la fisica di frontiera cosi che al lettore sono offerti particolari itinerari dalla fisica consolidata alla fisica in evoluzione. Ovviamente, per quanto riguarda quest ultima, i risultati sperimentali riportati e i relativi commenti hanno carattere di provvisorieta. Per questa ragione, in questa edizione del testo, e stata rivolta particolare attenzione all aggiornamento dei risultati relativi allo studio dei neutrini nell ambito del doppio decadimento beta e delle oscillazioni di neutrino. In ogni caso, gli argomenti discussi rappresentano una scelta, per qualche verso arbitraria, del vasto materiale disponibile e vengono proposti con carattere introduttivo e non esaustivo. La comprensione dei vari temi presuppone il possesso delle nozioni normalmente impartite nei primi tre anni del Corso di Laurea in Fisica."