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Books > Science & Mathematics > Physics > Nuclear structure physics
A Conference is one thing, its Proceedings is another issue. The
1976 Neutrino Conference at Aachen met with friendly approval,
within and beyond the brotherhood of neutrino physicists. The
generally well informed "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung" spoke of a
"Sternstunde" of Science . . . And even without invoking the stars,
we may register with some satisfaction that several important
developments came to an end. "Charm is found " - hailed Alvaro de
Rujula the most spectacular event of the Conference. The organizers
held this opinion even before, as is evidenced by the Conference
badge: a little aluminum tetra hedron, symbolizing the four quarks,
and fastened by a three-coloured string. In fact, the history of
the discovery of charm goes a long way back, perhaps even back to
the first CERN neutrino experiment in 1963/64, when indications of
charged lepton pairs were recognized - long before charm was taken
serious. Muon pairs were established by the
Harvard-Pennsylvania-Wisconsin Group in 1974, and correctly inter
preted in terms of charm. At the Paris Neutrino Meeting in 1975 the
BNL event came, confirming the con nection with strangeness and
suggesting charm production to occur at quite low energies."
This Safety Guide provides recommendations and guidance on
achieving and demonstrating compliance with IAEA Safety Standards
Series No. SSR-6 (Rev. 1), Regulations for the Safe Transport of
Radioactive Material (2018 Edition), which establishes the
requirements to be applied to the national and international
transport of radioactive material. Transport is deemed to comprise
all operations and conditions associated with and involved in the
movement of radioactive material, including the design, fabrication
and maintenance of packaging, and the preparation, consigning,
handling, carriage, storage in transit, shipment after storage and
receipt at the final destination of packages. The Advisory Material
is not a stand-alone text. It is to be used concurrently as a
companion to the IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-6 (Rev. 1)
and each paragraph of this guide is numbered correspondingly to the
paragraph of the Regulations to which it most directly relates.
The American atomic bomb was born in secrecy. From the moment
scientists first conceived of its possibility to the bombings of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki and beyond, there were efforts to control
the spread of nuclear information and the newly discovered
scientific facts that made such powerful weapons possible. The
totalizing scientific secrecy that the atomic bomb appeared to
demand was new, unusual, and very nearly unprecedented. It was
foreign to both American science and American democracy—and
potentially incompatible with both. From the beginning, this
secrecy was controversial, and it was always contested. The atomic
bomb was not merely the application of science to war, but the
result of decades of investment in scientific education,
infrastructure, and global collaboration. If secrecy became the
norm, how would science survive? Drawing on troves of
declassified files, including records released by the government
for the first time through the author’s efforts, Restricted Data
traces the complex evolution of the US nuclear secrecy regime from
the first whisper of the atomic bomb through the mounting tensions
of the Cold War and into the early twenty-first century. A
compelling history of powerful ideas at war, it tells a story that
feels distinctly American: rich, sprawling, and built on the
conflict between high-minded idealism and ugly, fearful
power.Â
Communication and stakeholder involvement are essential components
for a successful disposal programme. Experience around the world
suggests that the scientific and technological bases for the safe
disposal of radioactive waste are available — disposal solutions
exist or can be developed based on established knowledge. However,
concerns and opposition among the public and other stakeholders
could slow or even prevent the implementation of needed disposal
solutions. This publication provides practical guidance on
communication and stakeholder involvement for countries embarking
on, relaunching or revising a disposal programme. It draws upon
past experiences and emphasizes that practical implementation
requires adjusting to the evolving context as given by the
national, social and political circumstances. The primary intended
users of this publication include those working in the field of
radioactive waste management in government, regulatory bodies and
industry, an especially in organizations responsible to implement
solutions for radioactive waste disposal.
Dieses Lehrbuch uber einen wichtigen Bereich der modernen Physik
sollte sich als Standardwerk durchsetzen. Der Autor hat in seiner
Forschung Wesentliches zur Klarung der Grundlagen der Eichtheorien,
insbesondere hinsichtlich ihrer mathematischen Konsistenz
beigetragen und dies alles in das Buch in allgemein verstandlicher
Form eingearbeitet. Er fuhrt alle benotigten Begriffe ein:
Lorentzgruppe, freie Felder, S-Matrix, Pfadintegral, das
Eichprinzip. Ebenso erlautert er die derzeit wichtigsten
physikalischen Modelltheorien der Teilchenphysik: die
elektroschwache Theorie und die QCD. Renormierungstheorie und
Operatorproduktentwicklung werden vorgestellt, Anomalien ausgiebig
diskutiert. Insbesonders behandelt der Autor die von ihm entdeckte
BRS-Symmetrie ausfuhrlich."
Integrating aspects of engineering, application physics, and
medical science, Solid-State Radiation Detectors: Technology and
Applications offers a comprehensive review of new and emerging
solid-state materials-based technologies for radiation detection.
Each chapter is structured to address the current advantages and
challenges of each material and technology presented, as well as to
discuss novel research and applications. Featuring contributions
from leading experts in industry and academia, this authoritative
text: Covers modern semiconductors used for radiation monitoring
Examines CdZnTe and CdTe technology for imaging applications
including three-dimensional capability detectors Highlights
interconnect technology for current pixel detectors Describes
hybrid pixel detectors and their characterizations Tackles the
integrated analog signal processing read-out front ends for
particle detectors Considers new organic materials with direct
bandgap for direct energy detection Summarizes recent developments
involving lanthanum halide and cerium bromide scintillators
Analyzes the potential of recent progress in the field of
crystallogenesis, quantum dots, and photonics crystals toward a new
concept of x- and gamma-ray detectors based on metamaterials
Explores position-sensitivity photomultipliers and silicon
photomultipliers for scintillation crystals Solid-State Radiation
Detectors: Technology and Applications provides a valuable
reference for engineers and scientists looking to enhance the
performance of radiation detector technology for medical imaging
and other applications.
In the world market of power-producing nuclear reactors, there is
growing interest in small and medium sized or modular reactors
(SMRs). These can be assembled in-factory, transported by ship or
train, installed on site and connected to the electricity grid in a
short time, significantly reducing the financial burden of the
investment. This publication, which is the outcome of a technical
meeting, presents a detailed overview of the different concepts of
fast SMRs and highlights the technological, economic and safety
potential of these reactors and the associated innovative systems.
Although it is mainly focused on innovative reactor solutions aimed
to increase safety and simplicity of design, the parameters that
contribute to the final cost of the plant are also considered.
The focus of this publication is on collecting current practices in
Member States related to design extension conditions (DECs) with
core melting. The information provided is based on the feedback
from technical experts from Canada, France, Finland, India, the
Islamic Republic of Iran, the Russian Federation, and the United
States of America. There is, however, still no common understanding
of DECs due to the complexity of phenomena and insufficient
experimental data. This publication identifies current approaches
of IAEA Member States with active nuclear power programmes and
discusses the regulatory perspective and technical rationale. It
attempts to find common practices and possible areas for
harmonization of the main rules related to the analysis of DECs
with core melting for new water cooled reactors, including their
selection for the safety demonstration.
Cyclotrons are currently used for the preparation of a wide variety
of radionuclides that have applications in single photon emission
computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET).
Consequently, there is high demand from IAEA Member States for
support in the area of radiopharmaceutical production using
cyclotron produced radioisotopes. This publication describes the
potential radionuclide production routes using cyclotrons in
different energy ranges and provides methods for the development of
targets and provides details of the chemistry for the separation of
radionuclides from target materials. The readership of this
publication includes scientists, operators interested in putting
this technology into practice, technologists already working with
cyclotrons who wish to enhance the utility of existing machines,
and managers in the process of setting up radionuclide facilities
in their countries. Students working towards higher level degrees
in related fields may also benefit from this publication.
Building on Mozumder's and Hatano's Charged Particle and Photon
Interactions with Matter: Chemical, Physicochemical, and Biological
Consequences with Applications (CRC Press, 2004), Charged Particle
and Photon Interactions with Matter: Recent Advances, Applications,
and Interfaces expands upon the scientific contents of the previous
volume by covering state-of-the-art advances, novel applications,
and future perspectives. It focuses on relatively direct
applications used mainly in radiation research fields as well as
the interface between radiation research and other fields. The book
first explores the latest studies on primary processes (the
physical stage), particularly on the energy deposition spectra and
oscillator strength distributions of molecules interacting with
charged particles and photons. Other studies discussed include the
use of synchrotron radiation in W-value studies and the progress
achieved with positrons and muons interacting with matter. It then
introduces new theoretical studies on the physicochemical and
chemical stages that describe the behavior of electrons in liquid
hydrocarbons and the high-LET radiolysis of liquid water. The book
also presents new experimental research on the physicochemical and
chemical stages with specific characteristics of matter or specific
experimental conditions, before covering new experimental studies
on the biological stage. The last set of chapters focuses on
applications in health physics and cancer therapy, applications to
polymers, the applications and interface formation in space science
and technology, and applications for the research and development
of radiation detectors, environmental conservation, plant breeding,
and nuclear engineering. Edited by preeminent scientists and with
contributions from an esteemed group of international experts, this
volume advances the field by offering greater insight into how
charged particles and photons interact with matter. Bringing
together topics across a spectrum of scientific and technological
areas, it provides clear explanations of the dynamic processes
involved in and applications of interface formation.
In this volume the physics involved in various astrophysical
processes like the synthesis of light and heavier elements,
explosive burning processes, core collapse supernova etc have been
critically addressed with minimum mathematical derivations so as to
suit all faculties of the readers. For graduate students there are
solved problems with exercises at the end of each chapter, for
researchers some recent works on the calculation of physical
parameters of astrophysical importance like the calculation of
Sfactors at low energies have been included, and for amateur
readers there are lot of history, information and discussion on the
astronuclear phenomenon. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not
sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan,
Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
The publication focuses on radioecologjcal experience and data
acquired and lessons learned in Japan following the nuclear
accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March
2011. The publication brings together outcomes of the extensive
studies, done by Japanese scientists and their colleagues from
other countries, on characterization of radioecological transfer
parameters in the terrestrial and aquatic environments of Japan
affected by radionuclides released in the accident. The Japan
specific data are systematically presented and compared to the
global experience gained from the earlier nuclear accidents,
military or industrial activities. Climate, landscape, agriculture
and food processing practices, lifestyle and national dietary
customs are shown as factors influencing transfer of radionuclides
through the environment and human food chains. The publication
summarizes country specific experience and puts it into existing
global radioecological contexts.
Volume 3 of this three-part series presents more advanced topics
and applications of relativistic quantum field theory. The
application of quantum chromodynamics to high-energy particle
scattering is discussed with concrete examples for how to compute
QCD scattering cross sections. Experimental evidence for the
existence of quarks and gluons is then presented within the context
of the naive quark model and beyond. In addition the text reviews
our current understanding of the weak interaction, unified
electroweak theory and the Brout-Higgs-Englert mechanism for the
generation of gauge boson masses. The last two chapters contain a
self-contained introduction to finite temperature quantum field
theory with concrete examples focusing on the high-temperature
thermodynamics of scalar field theories, QED and QCD.
The two decades between the first and second world wars saw the
emergence of nuclear physics as the dominant field of experimental
and theoretical physics, owing to the work of an international cast
of gifted physicists. Prominent among them were Ernest Rutherford,
George Gamow, the husband and wife team of Frederic and Irene
Joliot-Curie, John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton, Gregory Breit and
Eugene Wigner, Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch, the brash
Ernest Lawrence, the prodigious Enrico Fermi, and the incomparable
Niels Bohr. Their experimental and theoretical work arose from a
quest to understand nuclear phenomena; it was not motivated by a
desire to find a practical application for nuclear energy. In this
sense, these physicists lived in an 'Age of Innocence'. They did
not, however, live in isolation. Their research reflected their
idiosyncratic personalities; it was shaped by the physical and
intellectual environments of the countries and institutions in
which they worked. It was also buffeted by the political upheavals
after the Great War: the punitive postwar treaties, the runaway
inflation in Germany and Austria, the Great Depression, and the
intellectual migration from Germany and later from Austria and
Italy. Their pioneering experimental and theoretical achievements
in the interwar period therefore are set within their personal,
institutional, and political contexts. Both domains and their
mutual influences are conveyed by quotations from autobiographies,
biographies, recollections, interviews, correspondence, and other
writings of physicists and historians.
The third edition of a classic book, Basic Ideas and Concepts in
Nuclear Physics sets out in a clear and consistent manner the
various elements of nuclear physics. Divided into four main parts:
the constituents and characteristics of the nucleus; nuclear
interactions, including the strong, weak and electromagnetic
forces; an introduction to nuclear structure; and recent
developments in nuclear structure research, the book delivers a
balanced account of both theoretical and experimental nuclear
physics. In addition to the numerous revisions and updates to the
previous edition to capture the developments in the subject over
the last five years, the book contains a new chapter on the
structure and stability of very light nuclei. As with the previous
edition the author retains a comprehensive set of problems and the
book contains an extensive and well-chosen set of diagrams. He
keeps the book up to date with recent experimental and theoretical
research, provides mathematical details as and when necessary, and
illustrates topics with box features containing examples of recent
experimental and theoretical research results.
This comprehensive text provides an introduction to basic nuclear physics, including nuclear decays and reactions and nuclear structure, while covering the essential areas of basic research and practical applications. Its emphasis on phenomonology and the results of real experiments distinguish this from all other texts available. Discussions of theory are reinforced with examples which illustrate and apply the theoretical formulism, thus aiding students in their reading and analysis of current literature. The text is designed to provide a core of material for students with minimal background in mathematics or quantum theory and offers more sophisticated material in separate sections.
From an expert who advised on the Chernobyl problem as well as in
the aftermath of Three Mile Island comes a book that contains
experienced engineering assessments of the options for replacing
the existing, aged, fossil-fired power stations by renewables,
gas-fired, or nuclear plants. From geothermal, solar, and wind to
tidal and hydro generation, this important book assesses the
engineering of renewable sources for commercial generation and
discusses the important aspects of the design, operation, and
safety of nuclear stations.
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