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Books > Science & Mathematics > Physics > Nuclear structure physics
Nuclear astrophysics is, in essence, a science that attempts to
understand and explain the physical universe beyond the Earth by
studying its smallest particles. "Cauldrons in the Cosmos," by
Claus E. Rolfs and William S. Rodney, serves as a basic
introduction to these endeavors. From the major discoveries in the
field to a discussion of the makeup of stars to an explanation of
standard lab techniques, this text provides students and scientists
alike a thorough and fascinating survey of the accomplishments,
goals, and methods of nuclear astrophysics. A classic in its field,
"Cauldrons in the Cosmos" will surely remain an important reference
in nuclear astrophysics for years to come.
"One could not wish for a better account of the current state of
knowledge (and uncertainty) about nuclear reactions in stars."--B.
E. J. Pagel, "Nature
""Written in an informal style that those uninitiated into the
jargon of nuclear astrophysics and astronomy will find readable and
illuminating. . . . A useful and long-awaited introduction to
nuclear astrophysics."--G. J. Mathews, "Science
"
The Working Group "0ffshore Nuclear Power Plants" was established
by the Commission of the European Communities in 1971. At that time
it appeared that the option offered by creating new sites offshore
should be explored. The present development of nuclear power has
not, however, reached the stage where offs hore siting can be
considered as a near or medium term proposition. The purpose of
this report is to summarize the state of the art for the provision
of floating or fixed structures, or man-made islands of the size
needed for the construction of nuclear and other power stations. It
describes the main factors which must be taken into account in the
design and location of such islands and provides an indication of
feasibility and cost for each design at the present time. It deals
mainly with the civil engineering problems and not other major
factors, such as the law of the sea, the rights of countries to
locate nuclear establishments off their coast, their safety,
security, the energy connection with the mainland, the marine
ecology, the logistics, etc. ; many of these problems are directly
related to the site and have major economic and political
implications. By studying application examples the Working Group
has occupied itself with these other factors.
Lecture Notes for the International Winter School in Nuclear
Physics, held at Beijing (Peking), The People's Republic of China,
December 22, 1980 - January 9, 1981
International Workshop on Resonances in Heavy Ion Collisions
Lecture Notes for the International Winter School in Nuclear
Physics, held at Beijing (Peking), The People's Republic of China,
December 22, 1980 - January 9, 1981
Sponsored by Comitato Nazionale Energia Nucleare, Research Dep. RIT
Resonances are a common feature of many systems in nature. They reveal much about the structure of such systems. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of a similar phenomenon in atomic nuclei, the giant resonances. It describes experimental facts, how these are obtained, and how they fit into existing theoretical models. It also includes a short history and an overview of the main achievements in this field.
The study which fonns the second volume of this series deals with
the interplay of groups and composite particle theory in nuclei.
Three main branches of ideas are de- veloped and linked with
composite particle theory: the pennutational structure of the
nuclear fermion system, the classification scheme based on the
orbital partition and the associated supennuitiplets, and the
representation in state space of geometric trans- fonnations in
classical phase space. One of the authors (p. K.) had the
opportunity to present some of the ideas under- lying this work at
the 15th Solvay Conference on Symmetry Properties of Nuclei in
1970. Since this time, the authors continued their joint effort to
decipher the conceptual struc- ture of composite particle theory in
tenns of groups and their representations. The pattern of
connections is fully developed in the present study. The
applications are carried to the points where the impact of group
theory may be recognized. The range of applications in our opinion
goes far beyond these points.
The present European success in neutron physics and in neutron
scattering applied to condensed matter research rests upon the
subtle interaction of new instrument requirements for an expanding
scientific program in Physics, Chemistry and Biology and the
programme of invention of neutron instruments, which has long been
a characteristic of neutron physics, particularly in Germany.
Although this distinction between the role played by the instrument
demands of "problem oriented" scientists and the interest of
"instrument inventors" is somewhat facile, I believe it to be
worthwhile since progress needs both components; many of the uses
of a new method only becoming evident as it is improved under the
conditions of real experiment. The Institut Laue Langevin in
Grenoble brings both streams together and a measure of its
importance on the or1d scene can be seen in Figure 1, which charts
the world publications in Neutron Physics and Neutron Scattering
since the neutron's discovery. This figure also clearly shows the
correlation between innovation (and publication) in neutron science
and the flux of neutrons available. hi1st in 1936 it was possible
to demonstrate the wave properties and diffraction of
neutrons(1)(2) it was not until 1944 with the "pile" CP3 at Argonne
National Laboratory that intensities were high enough to stimulate
the construction of the first neutron diffractometer and
development 22 c 900 A_ UJ DIDO, SACLAY, GARCHING LL en WORLD
TOTAL::: i 700 m ORRR, NRU, NlO:: B_ LL. L.::: J PLUTO x LO -, : :
a.
A Conference is one thing, its Proceedings is another issue. The
1976 Neutrino Conference at Aachen met with friendly approval,
within and beyond the brotherhood of neutrino physicists. The
generally well informed "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung" spoke of a
"Sternstunde" of Science . . . And even without invoking the stars,
we may register with some satisfaction that several important
developments came to an end. "Charm is found " - hailed Alvaro de
Rujula the most spectacular event of the Conference. The organizers
held this opinion even before, as is evidenced by the Conference
badge: a little aluminum tetra hedron, symbolizing the four quarks,
and fastened by a three-coloured string. In fact, the history of
the discovery of charm goes a long way back, perhaps even back to
the first CERN neutrino experiment in 1963/64, when indications of
charged lepton pairs were recognized - long before charm was taken
serious. Muon pairs were established by the
Harvard-Pennsylvania-Wisconsin Group in 1974, and correctly inter
preted in terms of charm. At the Paris Neutrino Meeting in 1975 the
BNL event came, confirming the con nection with strangeness and
suggesting charm production to occur at quite low energies."
This Safety Guide provides recommendations and guidance on
achieving and demonstrating compliance with IAEA Safety Standards
Series No. SSR-6 (Rev. 1), Regulations for the Safe Transport of
Radioactive Material (2018 Edition), which establishes the
requirements to be applied to the national and international
transport of radioactive material. Transport is deemed to comprise
all operations and conditions associated with and involved in the
movement of radioactive material, including the design, fabrication
and maintenance of packaging, and the preparation, consigning,
handling, carriage, storage in transit, shipment after storage and
receipt at the final destination of packages. The Advisory Material
is not a stand-alone text. It is to be used concurrently as a
companion to the IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-6 (Rev. 1)
and each paragraph of this guide is numbered correspondingly to the
paragraph of the Regulations to which it most directly relates.
The American atomic bomb was born in secrecy. From the moment
scientists first conceived of its possibility to the bombings of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki and beyond, there were efforts to control
the spread of nuclear information and the newly discovered
scientific facts that made such powerful weapons possible. The
totalizing scientific secrecy that the atomic bomb appeared to
demand was new, unusual, and very nearly unprecedented. It was
foreign to both American science and American democracy—and
potentially incompatible with both. From the beginning, this
secrecy was controversial, and it was always contested. The atomic
bomb was not merely the application of science to war, but the
result of decades of investment in scientific education,
infrastructure, and global collaboration. If secrecy became the
norm, how would science survive? Drawing on troves of
declassified files, including records released by the government
for the first time through the author’s efforts, Restricted Data
traces the complex evolution of the US nuclear secrecy regime from
the first whisper of the atomic bomb through the mounting tensions
of the Cold War and into the early twenty-first century. A
compelling history of powerful ideas at war, it tells a story that
feels distinctly American: rich, sprawling, and built on the
conflict between high-minded idealism and ugly, fearful
power.Â
Communication and stakeholder involvement are essential components
for a successful disposal programme. Experience around the world
suggests that the scientific and technological bases for the safe
disposal of radioactive waste are available — disposal solutions
exist or can be developed based on established knowledge. However,
concerns and opposition among the public and other stakeholders
could slow or even prevent the implementation of needed disposal
solutions. This publication provides practical guidance on
communication and stakeholder involvement for countries embarking
on, relaunching or revising a disposal programme. It draws upon
past experiences and emphasizes that practical implementation
requires adjusting to the evolving context as given by the
national, social and political circumstances. The primary intended
users of this publication include those working in the field of
radioactive waste management in government, regulatory bodies and
industry, an especially in organizations responsible to implement
solutions for radioactive waste disposal.
Dieses Lehrbuch uber einen wichtigen Bereich der modernen Physik
sollte sich als Standardwerk durchsetzen. Der Autor hat in seiner
Forschung Wesentliches zur Klarung der Grundlagen der Eichtheorien,
insbesondere hinsichtlich ihrer mathematischen Konsistenz
beigetragen und dies alles in das Buch in allgemein verstandlicher
Form eingearbeitet. Er fuhrt alle benotigten Begriffe ein:
Lorentzgruppe, freie Felder, S-Matrix, Pfadintegral, das
Eichprinzip. Ebenso erlautert er die derzeit wichtigsten
physikalischen Modelltheorien der Teilchenphysik: die
elektroschwache Theorie und die QCD. Renormierungstheorie und
Operatorproduktentwicklung werden vorgestellt, Anomalien ausgiebig
diskutiert. Insbesonders behandelt der Autor die von ihm entdeckte
BRS-Symmetrie ausfuhrlich."
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