While the theory of transcendental numbers is a fundamental and important branch of number theory, most mathematicians know only its most elementary results. The aim of "Making Transcendence Transparent" is to provide the reader with an understanding of the basic principles and tools of transcendence theory and an intuitive framework within which the major results can be appreciated and their proofs can be understood. The book includes big picture overviews of the over-arching ideas, and general points of attack in particular arguments, so the reader will enjoy and appreciate the panoramic view of transcendence. It is designed to appeal to interested mathematicians, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates.

Mathematics is kept alive by the appearance of new, unsolved problems. This book provides a steady supply of easily understood, if not easily solved, problems that can be considered in varying depths by mathematicians at all levels of mathematical maturity. This new edition features lists of references to OEIS, Neal Sloane 's Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, at the end of several of the sections.

Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series are generalizations of the Riemann zeta function. Like the Riemann zeta function, they are Dirichlet series with analytic continuation and functional equations, having applications to analytic number theory. By contrast, these Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series may be functions of several complex variables and their groups of functional equations may be arbitrary finite Weyl groups. Furthermore, their coefficients are multiplicative up to roots of unity, generalizing the notion of Euler products. This book proves foundational results about these series and develops their combinatorics.

These interesting functions may be described as Whittaker coefficients of Eisenstein series on metaplectic groups, but this characterization doesn't readily lead to an explicit description of the coefficients. The coefficients may be expressed as sums over Kashiwara crystals, which are combinatorial analogs of characters of irreducible representations of Lie groups. For Cartan Type A, there are two distinguished descriptions, and if these are known to be equal, the analytic properties of the Dirichlet series follow. Proving the equality of the two combinatorial definitions of the Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series requires the comparison of two sums of products of Gauss sums over lattice points in polytopes. Through a series of surprising combinatorial reductions, this is accomplished.

The book includes expository material about crystals, deformations of the Weyl character formula, and the Yang-Baxter equation.

This book details the classical part of the theory of algebraic number theory, excluding class-field theory and its consequences. Coverage includes: ideal theory in rings of algebraic integers, p-adic fields and their finite extensions, ideles and adeles, zeta-functions, distribution of prime ideals, Abelian fields, the class-number of quadratic fields, and factorization problems. The book also features exercises and a list of open problems.

The sixth Algorithmic Number Theory Symposium was held at the University of Vermont, in Burlington, from 13-18 June 2004. The organization was a joint e?ort of number theorists from around the world. There were four invited talks at ANTS VI, by Dan Bernstein of the Univ- sity of Illinois at Chicago, Kiran Kedlaya of MIT, Alice Silverberg of Ohio State University, and Mark Watkins of Pennsylvania State University. Thirty cont- buted talks were presented, and a poster session was held. This volume contains the written versions of the contributed talks and three of the four invited talks. (Not included is the talk by Dan Bernstein.) ANTS in Burlington is the sixth in a series that began with ANTS I in 1994 at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA and continued at UniversiteB- deaux I, Bordeaux, France (1996), Reed College, Portland, Oregon, USA (1998), the University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands (2000), and the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (2002). The proceedings have been published as volumes 877, 1122, 1423, 1838, and 2369 of Springer-Verlag's Lecture Notes in Computer Science series. The organizers of the 2004 ANTS conference express their special gratitude and thanks to John Cannon and Joe Buhler for invaluable behind-the-scenes advice."

This volume contains the proceedings of the 7th International Seminar on - lational Methods in Computer Science (RelMiCS 7) and the 2nd International Workshop onApplications ofKleeneAlgebra.Thecommonmeetingtookplacein Bad Malente (near Kiel), Germany, from May May 12-17,2003.Its purpose was to bring together researchers from various subdisciplines of Computer Science, Mathematics and related ?elds who use the calculi of relations and/or Kleene algebra as methodological and conceptual tools in their work. This meeting is the joint continuation of two di?erent series of meetings. Previous RelMiCS seminars were held in Schloss Dagstuhl (Germany) in J- uary 1994, Parati (Brazil) in July 1995, Hammamet (Tunisia) in January 1997, Warsaw (Poland) in September 1998, Quebec (Canada) in January 2000, and Oisterwijk (The Netherlands) in October 2001. The ?rst workshop on appli- tions of Kleene algebra was also held in Schloss Dagstuhl in February 2001. To join these two events in a common meeting was mainly motivated by the s- stantialcommoninterestsandoverlapofthetwocommunities.Wehopethatthis leads to fruitful interactions and opens new and interesting research directions

These lecture notes treat polynomial identity rings from both the combinatorial and structural points of view. The greater part of recent research in polynomial identity rings is about combinatorial questions, and the combinatorial part of the lecture notes gives an up-to-date account of recent research. On the other hand, the main structural results have been known for some time, and the emphasis there is on a presentation accessible to newcomers to the subject.

This book covers the following three topics in a manner accessible to graduate students who have an understanding of algebraic number theory and scheme theoretic algebraic geometry:

1. An elementary construction of Shimura varieties as moduli of abelian schemes

2. p-adic deformation theory of automorphic forms on Shimura varieties

3. A simple proof of irreducibility of the generalized Igusa tower over the Shimura variety

The book starts with a detailed study of elliptic and Hilbert modular forms and reaches to the forefront of research of Shimura varieties associated with general classical groups. The method of constructing p-adic analytic families and the proof of irreducibility was recently discovered by the author. The area covered in this book is now a focal point of research worldwide with many far-reaching applications that have led to solutions of longstanding problems and conjectures. Specifically, the use of p-adic elliptic and Hilbert modular forms have proven essential in recent breakthroughs in number theory (for example, the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem and the Shimura-Taniyama conjecture by A. Wiles and others).

Haruzo Hida is Professor of Mathematics at University of California, Los Angeles. His previous books include Modular Forms and Galois Cohomology (Cambridge University Press 2000) and Geometric Modular Forms and Elliptic Curves (World Scientific Publishing Company 2000).

This book contains 28 research articles from among the 49 papers and abstracts presented at the Tenth International Conference on Fibonacci Numbers and Their Applications. These articles have been selected after a careful review by expert referees, and they range over many areas of mathematics. The Fibonacci numbers and recurrence relations are their unifying bond. We note that the article "Fibonacci, Vern and Dan" , which follows the Introduction to this volume, is not a research paper. It is a personal reminiscence by Marjorie Bicknell-Johnson, a longtime member of the Fibonacci Association. The editor believes it will be of interest to all readers. It is anticipated that this book, like the eight predecessors, will be useful to research workers and students at all levels who are interested in the Fibonacci numbers and their applications. March 16, 2003 The Editor Fredric T. Howard Mathematics Department Wake Forest University Box 7388 Reynolda Station Winston-Salem, NC 27109 xxi THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEES LOCAL COMMITTEE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE Calvin Long, Chairman A. F. Horadam (Australia), Co-Chair Terry Crites A. N. Philippou (Cyprus), Co-Chair Steven Wilson A. Adelberg (U. S. A. ) C. Cooper (U. S. A. ) Jeff Rushal H. Harborth (Germany) Y. Horibe (Japan) M. Bicknell-Johnson (U. S. A. ) P. Kiss (Hungary) J. Lahr (Luxembourg) G. M. Phillips (Scotland) J. 'Thrner (New Zealand) xxiii xxiv LIST OF CONTRlBUTORS TO THE CONFERENCE * ADELBERG, ARNOLD, "Universal Bernoulli Polynomials and p-adic Congruences. " *AGRATINI, OCTAVIAN, "A Generalization of Durrmeyer-Type Polynomials. " BENJAMIN, ART, "Mathemagics.

Robert A. Rankin, one of the world's foremost authorities on modular forms and a founding editor of The Ramanujan Journal, died on January 27, 2001, at the age of 85. Rankin had broad interests and contributed fundamental papers in a wide variety of areas within number theory, geometry, analysis, and algebra. To commemorate Rankin's life and work, the editors have collected together 25 papers by several eminent mathematicians reflecting Rankin's extensive range of interests within number theory. Many of these papers reflect Rankin's primary focus in modular forms. It is the editors' fervent hope that mathematicians will be stimulated by these papers and gain a greater appreciation for Rankin's contributions to mathematics.
This volume would be an inspiration to students and researchers in the areas of number theory and modular forms.

Caribbean Tsunamis - A 500-Year History from 1498-1998 broadly characterizes the nature of tsunamis in the Caribbean Sea, while bearing in mind both scientific aspects as well as potential interest by the many governments and populations likely to be affected by the hazard. Comprehension of the nature of tsunamis and past effects is crucial for the awareness and education of populations at risk.
Audience: This book provides a thorough, yet highly accessible review of tsunamis in the Caribbean. It is of interest not only to tsunami and natural hazards specialists at academia and governmental institutes, but also to policy makers and to the general public.

This book, now in its 2nd edition, is devoted to the arithmetical theory of Siegel modular forms and their L-functions. The central object are L-functions of classical Siegel modular forms whose special values are studied using the Rankin-Selberg method and the action of certain differential operators on modular forms which have nice arithmetical properties.

A new method of p-adic interpolation of these critical values is presented. An important class of p-adic L-functions treated in the present book are p-adic L-functions of Siegel modular forms having logarithmic growth. The given construction of these p-adic L-functions uses precise algebraic properties of the arithmetical Shimura differential operator.

The book will be very useful for postgraduate students and for non-experts looking for a quick approach to a rapidly developing domain of algebraic number theory. This new edition is substantially revised to account for the new explanations that have emerged in the past 10 years of the main formulas for special L-values in terms of arithmetical theory of nearly holomorphic modular forms.

In his first book, Philosophy of Arithmetic, Edmund Husserl provides a carefully worked out account of number as a categorial or formal feature of the objective world, and of arithmetic as a symbolic technique for mastering the infinite field of numbers for knowledge. It is a realist account of numbers and number relations that interweaves them into the basic structure of the universe and into our knowledge of reality. It provides an answer to the question of how arithmetic applies to reality, and gives an account of how, in general, formalized systems of symbols work in providing access to the world. The "appendices" to this book provide some of Husserl's subsequent discussions of how formalisms work, involving David Hilbert's program of completeness for arithmetic. "Completeness" is integrated into Husserl's own problematic of the "imaginary," and allows him to move beyond the analysis of "representations" in his understanding of the logic of mathematics.
Husserl's work here provides an alternative model of what "conceptual analysis" should be - minus the "linguistic turn," but inclusive of language and linguistic meaning. In the process, he provides case after case of "Phenomenological Analysis" - fortunately unencumbered by that title - of the convincing type that made Husserl's life and thought a fountainhead of much of the most important philosophical work of the twentieth Century in Europe. Many Husserlian themes to be developed at length in later writings first emerge here: Abstraction, internal time consciousness, polythetic acts, acts of higher order ('founded' acts), Gestalt qualities and their role in knowledge, formalization (as opposed to generalization), essence analysis, and so forth.
This volume is a window on a period of rich and illuminating philosophical activity that has been rendered generally inaccessible by the supposed "revolution" attributed to "Analytic Philosophy" so-called. Careful exposition and critique is given to every serious alternative account of number and number relations available at the time. Husserl's extensive and trenchant criticisms of Gottlob Frege's theory of number and arithmetic reach far beyond those most commonly referred to in the literature on their views.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Reasoning with Analytic Tableaux and Related Methods, TABLEAUX 2003, held in Rome, Italy in September 2003. The 20 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. All current issues surrounding the mechanization of logical reasoning with tableaux and similar methods are addressed in the context of a broad variety of logic calculi.

The C.I.M.E. session in Diophantine Approximation, held in Cetraro (Italy) June 28 - July 6, 2000 focused on height theory, linear independence and transcendence in group varieties, Baker's method, approximations to algebraic numbers and applications to polynomial-exponential diophantine equations and to diophantine theory of linear recurrences. Very fine lectures by D. Masser, Y. Nesterenko, H.-P. Schlickewei, W.M. Schmidt and M. Walsschmidt have resulted giving a good overview of these topics, and describing central results, both classical and recent, emphasizing the new methods and ideas of the proofs rather than the details. They are addressed to a wide audience and do not require any prior specific knowledge.

Elements of Continuum Mechanics and Conservation Laws presents a systematization of different models in mathematical physics, a study of the structure of conservation laws, thermodynamical identities, and connection with criteria for well-posedness of the corresponding mathematical problems.
The theory presented in this book stems from research carried out by the authors concerning the formulations of differential equations describing explosive deformations of metals. In such processes, elasticity equations are used in some zones, whereas hydrodynamics equations are stated in other zones. Plastic deformations appear in transition zones, which leads to residual stresses. The suggested model contains some relaxation terms which simulate these plastic deformations. Certain laws of thermodynamics are used in order to describe and study differential equations simulating the physical processes. This leads to the special formulation of differential equations using generalized thermodynamical potentials. The structure of conservation laws and new ideas and methods of constructing mathematical models are presented.
The final chapter: Structure of Thermodynamically Compatible Systems reflects Godunov's latest research. It presents an approach to the formalization of equations of continuum mechanics, in particular, relationships between the structure of thermodynamical conservation laws and representations of the rotation group. The material covered in this chapter was written during the preparation of the English edition and intensively discussed with specialists in different countries and presented at lectures given by Godunov in 2002.
This book describes the theory developed byGodunov together with his former student Evgenii Romenskii which presents a systematization of different models of elastic media and related classification of hyperbolic equations.

The 13 chapters of this book centre around the proof of Theorem 1 of Faltings' paper "Diophantine approximation on abelian varieties," Ann. Math.133 (1991) and together give an approach to the proof that is accessible to Ph.D-level students in number theory and algebraic geometry. Each chapter is based on an instructional lecture given by its author ata special conference for graduate students, on the topic of Faltings' paper.

This book presents a broad, user-friendly introduction to the Langlands program, that is, the theory of automorphic forms and its connection with the theory of L-functions and other fields of mathematics. Each of the twelve chapters focuses on a particular topic devoted to special cases of the program. The book is suitable for graduate students and researchers.

In September 2000 a Summer School on "Factorization and Integrable Systems" was held at the University of Algarve in Portugal. The main aim of the school was to review the modern factorization theory and its application to classical and quantum integrable systems. The program consisted of a number of short courses given by leading experts in the field. The lecture notes of the courses have been specially prepared for publication in this volume.
The book consists of four contributions. I. Gohberg, M.A. Kaashoek and I.M. Spitkovsky present an extensive review of the factorization theory of matrix functions relative to a curve, with emphasis on the developments of the last 20-25 years. The group-theoretical approach to classical integrable systems is reviewed by M.A. Semenov-Tian-Shansky. P.P. Kulish surveyed the quantum inverse scattering method using the isotropic Heisenberg spin chain as the main example.

The Lerch zeta-function is the first monograph on this topic, which is a generalization of the classic Riemann, and Hurwitz zeta-functions. Although analytic results have been presented previously in various monographs on zeta-functions, this is the first book containing both analytic and probability theory of Lerch zeta-functions.

The book starts with classical analytical theory (Euler gamma-functions, functional equation, mean square). The majority of the presented results are new: on approximate functional equations and its applications and on zero distribution (zero-free regions, number of nontrivial zeros etc). Special attention is given to limit theorems in the sense of the weak convergence of probability measures for the Lerch zeta-function. From limit theorems in the space of analytic functions the universitality and functional independence is derived. In this respect the book continues the research of the first author presented in the monograph Limit Theorems for the Riemann zeta-function.

This book will be useful to researchers and graduate students working in analytic and probabilistic number theory, and can also be used as a textbook for postgraduate students.

The volume is almost entirely composed of the research and expository papers by the participants of the International Workshop "Groups, Rings, Lie and Hopf Algebras," which was held at the Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, Canada. All four areas from the title of the workshop are covered. In addition, some chapters touch upon the topics, which belong to two or more areas at the same time.

Audience: The readership targeted includes researchers, graduate and senior undergraduate students in mathematics and its applications.

Proceedings of the second conference on Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computing, held June 4-9, 2001 in Dubrovnik, Croatia.

The main idea of the conference was to bring together applied mathematicians both from outside academia, as well as experts from other areas (engineering, applied sciences) whose work involves advanced mathematical techniques.

During the meeting there were one complete mini-course, invited presentations, contributed talks and software presentations. A mini-course Schwarz Methods for Partial Differential Equations was given by Prof Marcus Sarkis (Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA), and invited presentations were given by active researchers from the fields of numerical linear algebra, computational fluid dynamics, matrix theory and mathematical physics (fluid mechanics and elasticity).

This volume contains the mini-course and review papers by invited speakers (Part I), as well as selected contributed presentations from the field of analysis, numerical mathematics, and engineering applications.

In this book the details of many calculations are provided for access to work in quantum groups, algebraic differential calculus, noncommutative geometry, fuzzy physics, discrete geometry, gauge theory, quantum integrable systems, braiding, finite topological spaces, some aspects of geometry and quantum mechanics and gravity.

This rather unique book is a guided tour through number theory. While most introductions to number theory provide a systematic and exhaustive treatment of the subject, the authors have chosen instead to illustrate the many varied subjects by associating recent discoveries, interesting method, and unsolved problems. In particular, we read about combinatorial problems in number theory, a branch of mathematics co-founded and popularized by Paul Erdös. Janos Suranyi's vast teaching experience successfully complements Paul Erdös' ability to initiate new directions of research by suggesting new problems and approaches. This book will surely arouse the interest of the student and the teacher alike. Until his death in 1996, Professor Paul Erdös was one of the most prolific mathematicians ever, publishing close to 1,500 papers. While his papers contributed to almost every area of mathematics, his main research interest was in the area of combinatorics, graph theory, and number theory. He is most famous for proposing problems to the mathematical community which were exquisitely simple to understand yet difficult to solve. He was awarded numerous prestigious prizes including the Frank Nelson Cole prize of the AMS. Professor Janos Suranyi is a leading personality in Hungary, not just within the mathematical community, but also in the planning and conducting of different educational projects whiich have led to a new secondary school curriculum. His activity has been recognized by, amongst others, the Middle Cross of the Hungarian Decoration and the Erdös Award of the World Federation of National Mathematical Competitions. rian Decoration and the Erdös Award of the World Federation of National Mathematical Competitions.

The book introduces new techniques that imply rigorous lower bounds on the com plexity of some number-theoretic and cryptographic problems. It also establishes certain attractive pseudorandom properties of various cryptographic primitives. These methods and techniques are based on bounds of character sums and num bers of solutions of some polynomial equations over finite fields and residue rings. Other number theoretic techniques such as sieve methods and lattice reduction algorithms are used as well. The book also contains a number of open problems and proposals for further research. The emphasis is on obtaining unconditional rigorously proved statements. The bright side of this approach is that the results do not depend on any assumptions or conjectures. On the downside, the results are much weaker than those which are widely believed to be true. We obtain several lower bounds, exponential in terms of logp, on the degrees and orders of o polynomials; o algebraic functions; o Boolean functions; o linear recurrence sequences; coinciding with values of the discrete logarithm modulo a prime p at sufficiently many points (the number of points can be as small as pI/2+O: ). These functions are considered over the residue ring modulo p and over the residue ring modulo an arbitrary divisor d of p - 1. The case of d = 2 is of special interest since it corresponds to the representation of the rightmost bit of the discrete logarithm and defines whether the argument is a quadratic residue."