This is the first textbook to offer a comprehensive account of ocular prosthetics and the evidence used to underpin and support this field of healthcare. It does so by bringing together information from ophthalmology, prosthetic eye and contact lens literature, and from experts actively engaged in these fields. The book describes the psychological, anatomical and physiological aspects of eye loss as well as surgical procedures for removing the eye, patient evaluation, constructing prosthetic eyes (including prosthetic and surgical techniques for dealing with socket complications), the socket's response to prosthetic eyes, prosthetic eye maintenance and the history of prosthetic eyes. Though primarily intended for prosthetists, ophthalmologists, ophthalmic nurses, optometrists and students in the fields of ocular medicine, maxillofacial medicine and anaplastology, the book also offers a useful resource for other health workers and family members who care for prosthetic eye patients, and for those patients seeking a deeper understanding of the issues affecting them than they can find elsewhere.

The second volume of "Cataract and Refractive Surgery" in the Essentials in Ophthalmology series provides new information on cataract and refractive surgery. The chapters discuss new techniques and technology. The emphasis is on areas that are rapidly evolving and essential to sophisticated clinical practice. The book has a well-structured text and design, and is quick and easy to read. It bridges the gap between primary literature and daily practice. This book will help clinicians provide the best results for their cataract and refractive surgical patients and is also indispensable for continuous education and advanced training.

The atlas of the Light and Specular Microscopy of the Cornea, particularly of the corneal endothelium presents photographs of healthy and pathological corneas, as well as corneas prepared for grafting. Photographs are taken from donor or patient's corneas. The first part section of the atlas shows healthy corneas and its particular layers: the epithelium (superficial and basal cells, subepithelial nerve plexus), stroma and keratocytes, and the endothelium. Blood vessels or palisades of Vogt in limbus are shown as well. The second part section that shows corneas processed for grafting is focused focuses on the endothelial layer. Main causes of exclusion of corneas from grafting, such as the presence of dead cells, polymeghatism, pleomorphism, cornea guttata or stromal scars have been shown. The third part section of the atlas shows corneas before and after storage in tissue cultures or hypothermic conditions with the aim to assess its suitability of for tissue for grafting. The last final section contains photographs of pathological corneal explants

Series:

Highly practical and clinically relevant

Ophthalmology series is indispensable for continuous education and advanced training

All editors with international reputation and contributing authors with expertise in their topics

Reader-friendly format: Well-structured text and design, quick and easy to read

Richly illustrated with numerous tables and color photos

Bridges the gap between primary literature and daily practice

Every 2nd year each subject is refreshed with timely information about the new development in the specialized field

This volume:

Appeals not only to Ophthalmologists, but also to Pediatricians

Gives quick and practical introduction to the most up-to date treatment options in pediatric ophthalmology

Only addresses new developments of the past 2 years

Covers 3 main topics: Genetics, Pediatrics and Neurophthalmology, while competing titles focus on one of these subspecialties

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This book highlights the unique aspects of oncologic ophthalmology as a medical and surgical discipline practiced at a comprehensive cancer center. Multi-disciplinary management of ocular, orbital and adnexal cancers are highlighted using simple and tried-and-true algorithms. In addition, ocular problems caused as a direct result of cancer treatment are reviewed using illustrative photographs and case presentations. The content is provided by full-time ophthalmology faculty and fellows at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Experts in complementary disciplines such as ophthalmic pathology, dermatopathology, radiation oncology, radiology, and other surgical subspecialties have brought their unique perspective to each chapter. The book is abundant with clinical photographs as well as interesting case presentations that will help the clinician correctly diagnose cancers of the orbit, eye, and adnexal structures, initiate appropriate management, as well as recognize and treat common ocular complications of cancer therapy.

This popular and successful book, having been translated into major languages, has now been fully revised, updated and expanded into a third edition. The text: provides a step by step guide to all the commonly performed procedures and techniques includes the very latest information on new techniques and materials, such as those for cosmetic surgery contains new chapters covering techniques and management of corneal exposure is extensively illustrated with clear line diagrams to illustrate all the procedures described there is an expanded chapter on lacrimal surgery by Mr Richard Welham still retains its original aim to provide a systematic approach and an invaluable practical guide for all those who operate on eyelids From the reviews of previous editions: 'Collin has managed to include those extremely pertinent points which are important to the operating surgeon... the book is full of a wealth of information on eyelid surgical procedures.' Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery '...a really excellent book packed with detail... I would recommend that a copy of this book be kept in all eye theatres...' Journal of the Irish College of Physicians and Surgeons The most efficient, hands-on resource of its kind. Provides step-by-step guidance on most of the commonly performed surgical procedures and techniques Clear line diagrams illustrate all of the procedures described. Systematically organized for quick and easy reference. New coverage of ectropion adjustable sutures in ptosis surgery, eyelid tumor management and clearance, thyroid eye disease, orbital implants and socket surgery, new coverage of the management of lower lid blepharoplasty and more.

Ocular toxicity is routinely assessed in toxicology studies conducted for regulatory purposes. Ocular anatomy and physiology and the assessment of ocular toxicity itself can be challenging to scientists involved in the safety assessment of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and other agents. Anatomical and physiological differences between species can impact the nature of ocular effects observed following intended or unintended exposure of ocular tissues to xenobiotics. "Ocular Toxicity in Laboratory Animals" provides a concise reference addressing ocular anatomy and physiology across species that will enhance the design and interpretation of toxicology studies conducted for regulatory purposes.

The book provides an overview of routine and advanced techniques that are used to assess ocular toxicity including slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, electrophysiology and imaging methods for the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Additionally, the book defines the regulatory expectations for pharmaceuticals intended to treat ocular diseases and for other non-pharmaceutical regulated chemicals. With contributions from experts in the field, "Ocular Toxicity in Laboratory Animals" is an authoritative, accessible guide for toxicologists and other scientists involved in conducting toxicology studies for regulatory purposes and/or reviewing data from such studies."

There is no doubt that life is a bogus journey and it does not end well for any of us. However, join eye surgeon Pete Cackett on his eventful pathway through life and career in medicine and learn from his own unfortunate mishaps. Discover how it is possible to make your own journey less bogus, especially if you follow his advice and tips from his 'Hidden Curriculum'. This book is a celebration of life in all its glorious bogusness with plenty of humour and retro pop culture references along the way.This is a medical autobiography and is the first one which directly addresses the medical profession (doctors and medical students) and other allied health professionals. It covers many relevant issues and topics on working as a doctor, including those which many are reluctant to talk about such as private practice. It also includes advice gleaned from over 30 years in medicine as part of a 'Hidden Curriculum'. This guidance can be used by the reader to make changes to their own lives in order to create a happier and more successful existence.

This consolidated reference book addresses the various aspects of nano biomaterials used in ophthalmic drug delivery, including their characterization, interactions with ophthalmic system and applications in treatments of the ophthalmic diseases and disorders. In the last decade, a significant growth in polymer sciences, nanotechnology and biotechnology has resulted in the development of new nano- and bioengineered nano-bio-materials. These are extensively explored as drug delivery carriers as well as for implantable devices and scaffolds. At the interface between nanomaterials and biological systems, the organic and synthetic worlds merge into a new science concerned with the safe use of nanotechnology and nano material design for biological applications. For this field to evolve, there is a need to understand the dynamic forces and molecular components that shape these interactions. While it is impossible to describe with certainty all the bio physicochemical interactions at play at the interface, we are at a point where the pockets of assembled knowledge are providing a conceptual framework to guide this exploration, and review the impact on future product development. The book is intended as a valuable resource for academics and pharmaceutical scientists working in the field of polymers, polymers materials for drug delivery, drug delivery systems and ophthalmic drug delivery systems, in addition to medical and health care professionals in these areas.

Muller glial cells ensheath all retinal neurons in vertebrate retinae. There are a multitude of functional interactions between neurons and Muller cells, including delivery of the light stimuli to the photoreceptor cells in the inverted vertebrate retina, a 'metabolic symbiosis' with the neurons, and the processing of visual information. Muller cells are also responsible for the maintenance of the homeostasis of the retinal extracellular milieu (ions, water, neuro-transmitter molecules, and pH). In vascularized retinae, Muller cells may also be involved in the control of angiogenesis, and the regulation of retinal blood flow. Virtually every disease of the retina is associated with a reactive Muller cell gliosis which, on the one hand, supports the survival of retinal neurons but, on the other hand, may accelerate the progress of neuronal degeneration:

Muller cells protect neurons via a release of neurotrophic factors. However, gliotic Muller cells display a dysregulation of various neuron-supportive functions. This contributes to a disturbance of retinal glutamate metabolism and ion homeostasis, and causes the development of retinal edema and neuronal cell death. Moreover, there are diseases evoking a primary Muller cell insufficiency, such as hepatic retinopathy and certain forms of glaucoma. Any impairment of supportive functions of Muller cells, primary or secondary, must cause and/or aggravate a dysfunction and loss of neurons, by increasing the susceptibility of neurons to stressful stimuli in the diseased retina.

Muller cells may be used in the future for novel therapeutic strategies to protect neurons against apoptosis (i.e. somatic gene therapy), or to differentiate retinal neurons from Muller/stem cells. Meanwhile, a proper understanding of the gliotic responses of Muller cells in the diseased retina, and of their protective vs. detrimental effects, is essential for the development of efficient therapeutic strategies that use and stimulate the neuron-supportive/-protective - and prevent the destructive - mechanisms of gliosis.

This outstanding volume in the Essentials in Ophthalmology series presents recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of corneal disease. Its intention is not to replace the relevant textbooks, but to serve as a bridge between primary and tertiary literature. The superbly structured volume covers a dizzying array of topics including Herpes simplex keratitis; amniotic membrane transplantation for the treatment of corneal ulceration in infectious keratitis; and Chlamydial infection, all three of which are hugely relevant today. All the topics have direct clinical importance and will not only keep ophthalmologists up to date, but will inform them of how to treat their cornea patients with optimal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Retinal and choroidal angiogenesis are the leading causes of irreversible vision loss in developed countries. For this reason, ocular angiogenesis is an intensely studied process, and the field is advancing at an astounding pace. It has become increasingly difficult to manage the vast amount of information generated by the growing group of interested investigators, thus a resource is needed that distills and summarizes our progress to date. Additionally, novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ocular angiogenesis are discussed, as are the unique challenges presented by delivery of drugs to the eye. Retinal and Choroidal Angiogenesis emphasizes basic principles rather than specific experimental results, although recently acquired data is frequently cited to illustrate points of broader theoretical significance. The result is a reference work appealing to ophthalmologists interested in clinical applications, as well as to basic scientists interested in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis, both in the context of ocular and non-ocular conditions.

This superbly structured text is designed for practical ease of use. Quick and easy to read, it bridges the gap between primary literature and daily practice in this specialized field. Neuro-ophthalmology encompasses lesions of both the afferent and efferent pathways, which can result from various etiologies, including tumoral, paraneoplastic, vascular, inflammatory, infectious, or hereditary just to name a few. This volume of Essentials in Ophthalmology is dedicated to the review of new developments in neuro-ophthalmology. It has been written by an array of authors with real expertise in the subject. The text includes all the latest developments, including those in diagnosis, physiology, investigations, and in therapeutic options.

In order to become a Consultant Ophthalmologist it is necessary to learn the skill of refraction and retinoscopy which requires a great deal of skill and practice. This full-colour, comprehensive revision guide has been specifically tailored for candidates of the mandatory Refraction Certificate Examination assessed by the Royal College of Ophthalmologists.

Gonioscopy is an eye examination to look at the front part of the eye (anterior chamber), between the cornea and the iris. It is a painless procedure to see whether the area where fluid drains out of the eye is open or closed. Gonioscopy is important in diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma, an eye disease that damages the optic nerve and may result in blindness. The new edition of this text and atlas is a step by step guide to train ophthalmologists in the principles, indications, and techniques for performing gonioscopy, whilst highlighting various goniopathologies encountered in different congenital and acquired conditions. The text begins with the history, principles and indications of gonioscopy, with the following chapters providing an overview of different techniques. The book features various gonioscopy grading systems including Shaffer's System, Spaeth System, Scheie System, RPC Classification, Becker System, and Shaffer-Kanski System. The second edition features more than 600 goniophotographs illustrating different conditions discussed in the text, as well as self-assessment questions at the end of the book. Key points Step by step guide to gonioscopy covering many different techniques Features more than 600 goniophotographs Includes self-assessment questions Previous edition (9789350904343) published in 2013

The first section covers the general assessment and investigation of the squinting patient, before considering whether surgery is the best form of treatment. The second section addresses common squint disorders, describing the conditions and highlighting the surgical options to be considered. The final section provides a step-by-step account of the surgical procedures, indicating when they should be used, and illustrating specific techniques. This is an essential manual for trainees in clinical practice and those preparing for examinations who need to know how to competently manage this commonly encountered disorder. Optometrists will also find it of great value when managing these patients both pre- and post-operatively. Using a problem-oriented approach, diagnosis and assessment of conditions are introduced before addressing treatment options Specific disorders are covered in detail, indicating when to use surgical treatment and which techniques to use The surgical procedures are covered in a step-by-step format with clear line diagrams highlighting the required techniques. A separate chapter covers general and specific surgical complications

This monograph focuses on the use of analysis and processing methods for images from the Corvis (R) ST tonometer. The presented analysis is associated with the quantitative, repeatable and fully automatic evaluation of the response of the eye, eyeball and cornea to an air-puff. All the described algorithms were practically implemented in MATLAB (R). The monograph also describes and provides the full source code designed to perform the discussed calculations. As a result, this monograph is intended for scientists, graduate students and students of computer science and bioengineering as well as doctors wishing to expand their knowledge of modern diagnostic methods assisted by various image analysis and processing methods.

This is a practical manual for diagnostic testing, focusing on the historical and contemporary research on functional disorders in general, and functional visual disorders in particular. Functional Ophthalmic Disorders: Ocular Malingering and Visual Hysteria is a how-to manual that is written for the practicing ophthalmologist and optometrist, complete with color photos that allow the reader to see pictures of select diseases. In addition to the photos, videos are provided online to illustrate the various tests and possible results conducted on a mock patient to assist in the differential diagnosis. Written and edited by leaders in the field, some of the topics covered include history of functional disorders, ophthalmologic examination in malingering and techniques and tests for functional and simulated defects.

This second volume of the highly practical and informative work continues the fine tradition of this exceptional series. It details the latest concepts and management techniques in oculofacial plastic surgery. It contains in-depth reviews of orbital disorders such as capillary hemangiomas and venolymphatic malformations, offering new strategies in diagnosis and management. Coverage also includes recent developments in the diagnosis and management of lacrimal disorders, including salivary gland transposition for severe dry eye and lacrimal stenosis. It will prove to be a valuable resource for both the comprehensive ophthalmologist as well as subspecialists with a particular interest in disorders of the orbit, eyelids, lacrimal system, and other facial structures.

Written by experts on the forefront of investigations of brain function, vision, and perception, the material presented is of an unparalleled scientific quality, and shows that analyses of enormous breadth and sophistication are required to probe the structure and function of brain regions. The articles are highly persuasive in showing what can be achieved by carrying out careful and imaginative experiments. The Cat Primary Visual Cortex should emerge as essential reading for all those interested in cerebral cortical processing of visual signals or researching or working in any field of vision.
Key Features
* Comprehensive account of cat primary visual cortex
* Generous use of illustrations including color
* Covers research from structure to connections to functions
* Chapters by leaders in the field
* Topics presneted on multiple, compatible levels

The Wisdom of the Eye is a survey of the major concepts underlying many of the basic sciences related to the human eye and visual brain in one volume, using anecdotes and a minimum of highly technical language to emphasize the important points. This book presents an up-to-date treatment on how the eye and visual system work to help us see, interpret what we see, and communicate what we feel. It also examines how this description of the visual system teaches us more about ourselves.
Key Features
* Written in a user-friendly style, absent of jargon
* Humanizes vision research using anecdotes
* Uses many original illustrations and examples to demonstrate concepts
* Provides a synthesis of many disciplines including ophthalmology, optometry, and basic science
* Presents the visual system consistently in the context of its survival advantages
* Covers a wide variety of topics including infant vision, adult retinal image, animal vision, eye injuries, refractive areas, the eye as a transmitter and receiver of information, optical illusions, color, visual awareness, and more

The specialty of medical retina remains one of the most challenging fields in ophthalmology. Fortunately, in the past few years the standard of knowledge in the area of medical retina has improved substantially. The insight in basic mechanisms of disease has been expanded and novel diagnostic and efficacious therapeutic strategies have been developed bridging the gap between laboratory and clinical science. For example, new developments in ophthalmic imaging have contributed significantly to our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of various retinal diseases. This volume encompasses the application of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy including fundus autofluorescence imaging as well as the mapping of central visual function by microperimetry. It also covers anti-VEGF therapy that has revolutionized the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The next big challenge, the management and treatment targets for dry AMD is also presented as well as the practical relevance for the management of diabetic macular edema and retinal vein occlusions. Written by world-renowned experts, this authoritative work on medical retina is both comprehensive and practical and will serve the need of all ophthalmologists as well as optometrists and ophthalmic nurses to keep up-to-date with the new developments in the important field of medical retina.

The incidence of myopia is rapidly increasing worldwide, and the condition may well become the most prevalent abnormality found in humans. Although the mechanism of myopia has not been fully clarified, there has been an impressive increase in our understanding in the last few years. Important questions about myopia are being posed by researchers across a broad spectrum of disciplines from psychology to molecular biology, from corneal surgery to retinal physiology, and from genetics to experimental optics. The Sixth International Conference on Myopia, held in Hakone, Japan, in September 1996, provided a forum for researchers and practitioners to gather for presentations and discussions of their latest findings. Many doctors from Asian countries, where the incidence of myopia is particularly high, reported the results of recent epidemiological studies. In bringing together information on pathology, epidemiology, experimentation, and treatment, this volume covers all aspects of myopia research and is an essential source for optometrists and ophthalmologists, as well as pathologists, biologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, and physiologists interested in ocular growth or myopia.

The topics in this volume explore the etiology, cellular mechanisms, epidemiology, genetics, models and potential therapeutic measures for the blinding diseases of retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration.
Special focus is highlighted in the areas of Mechanisms of Photoreceptor Degeneration and Cell Death (extremely important because very little is known how or why photoreceptors die in these diseases, despite an abundance of genetic information), Age-Related Macular Degeneration (with several novel approaches to its analysis), Usher Syndrome (the most severe form of retinitis pigmentosa, which includes an early or congenital loss of hearing along with blindness), and Gene Therapy. In addition, the section on Basic Science Related to Retinal Degeneration is particularly strong with several laboratories reporting on new discoveries in the area of outer segment phagocytosis, a key component of photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelial cell interactions in normal and degenerating retinas.