Patient specific and disease specific stem cell lines have already introduced groundbreaking advances into the research and practice of ophthalmology. This volume provides a comprehensive and engaging overview of the latest innovations in the field. Twelve chapters discuss the fastest growing areas in ophthalmological stem cell research, from disease modelling, drug screening and gene targeting to clinical genetics and regenerative treatments. Innovative results from stem cell research of the past decade are pointing the way toward practicable treatments for retinitis pigmentosa, age related macular degeneration, and Stargardt disease. What future directions will stem cell research take? Researchers, graduate students, and fellows alike will find food for thought in this insightful guide tapping into the collective knowledge of leaders in the field. Stem Cells in Ophthalmology is part of the Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine series dedicated to discussing current challenges and future directions in stem cell research.

From Christopher J. Rapuano, M.D.: ." . . The summary is accompanied by brief discussion of the relevance (or irrelevance) of the paper to practicing ophthalmologists. It is what you need to know " There's no faster or easier way to stay informed The Year Book of Ophthalmology brings you abstracts of articles carefully selected from more than 500 journals worldwide. Expert commentaries evaluate the clinical importance of each article and discuss its application to your practice.

This collection of articles has been compiled from a worldwide survey of journals. They are accompanied by a commentary noting the practical and clinical applications of the material.

Complete evidence-based medical and surgical management of glaucoma for both the general ophthalmologist in practice and residents

The only book that covers the new generation of glaucoma procedures including trabectome, trabecular bypass and canaloplasty, by theexperts who developed them

Includes the latest laser treatments for glaucoma including micro diode and titanium saphire trabeculoplasty as well as laser from an external approach

The most comprehensive coverage of the optic nerve and the importance of nerve fiber layer hemorrhage

Provides an integrated approach to neovascular glaucoma merging treatment to the retina, withthe use of new anti-VEGF drugs, tubes, and shunts to achieve the best outcome

Integrates clinical science with basic science to outline the next steps in glaucoma therapy"

The Macula, Aging and Macular Degeneration: Lipofuscin in Aged and AMD Eyes (C.D. Dorey et al.). Retinoid Reaction Products in AgeRelated Retinal Degeneration (G.E. Eldred). Retinitis Pigmentosa and Allied Retinal Degenerations: Heterogeneity of Usher Syndrome Type I (R. Ayyagari et al.). Studies Toward the Isolation of the RP3 Gene (A.F. Roux et al.). Studies of Retinal Degeneration Using Transgenic Mice and Other Animal Models: Creating Transgenic Mouse Models of Photoreceptor Degeneration Caused by Mutations in the Rhodopsin Gene (F. Wong). Systematic Alterations in Docosahexaenoic Acid Metabolism in Inherited Retinal Degenerations (N.G. Bazan et al.). Agents Which Cause or Prevent Retinal Degeneration: Growth Factors as Possible Therapeutic Agents for Retinal Degeneration (M.M. LaVail et al.). The Effect of Naphthalene on the Retina of Rabbit (N. Orzalesi et al.). 27 additional articles. Index.

This volume provides a comprehensive look into the innovative methods used to explore the visual system. From the way the brain processes vision, an imperative part of the human experience, to the role eye movement plays in a range of questions concerning visual perception, memory, attention, free will, and even topological diagnoses, this in-depth handbook gives neurologists, ophthalmologists, and neuro-ophthalmologists an invaluable tool to help them better understand the visual system.

Disorders of the retinal and cerebral cortex, and those that affect control of eye and lid movements are thoroughly discussed, along with groundbreaking visual rehabilitative methods, and chapters on individual parts of the visual system. Practitioners will find a useful resource that lays out fundamental concepts, while seamlessly summarizing clinical and laboratory methods for neuro-ophthalmological evaluation.

The material is perfect for early-stage physicians or long practicing specialists who wish to learn the latest developments in the field.
* A comprehensive resource that explores the innovative methods used to understand the visual system
* An in-depth study of how the brain processes vision, and the role certain functions such as eye movement play in visual diagnosis and memory
* Clinical and laboratory methods of evaluation that are perfect for physicians and specialists in any stage of practice

Ocular Surface, Lids, Tears: The Evolution of Lid Margin Changes in Blepharitis; A.J. Bron, J.M. Tiffany. Corneal Transplantation and Eye Banking: Stromal Hydrodelamination Technique in Deep Lamellar Keratoplasty with Complete Removal of Pathologic Stroma; J.Sugita. Corneal Stroma and Endothelium: An Update on Corneal Hydration Control; J. Fischbarg, D.M. Maurice. Refractive Surgery I: Corneal Tattooing to Treat Glare Symptoms Following Radial Keratotomy; G.J. Florakis et al. Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Genetics: Wound Healing Modulators in Tear Fluid T. Tervo, M. Vesaluoma. Contact Lenses: The Effect of Contact Lenses on the Conjunctiva P.C. Donshik. Microbial Keratitis-Viral: The Biology and Pathology of Varicella Zoster Virus in the Ganglion; T.J. Liesegang. Keratoconus: The Case for Eye Rubbing as the Major Cause of Keratoconus; J.H. Krachmer. Non-Microbial Keratitis and Immunology: Abstracts of Conference Presentations. World Corneal Health: Childhood Keratitis: Epidemiological and Microbiological Study; A. Panda et al. Microbial Keratitis-Non-Viral: Refractive Surgery II: 38 additional articles. Index.

TheInternationalSymposiumonRetinalDegenerationhasbeenheldinconjunction withthebiennialInternationalCongressofEyeResearch(ICER)since1984. These RDSymposiahaveallowedbasicandclinicianscientistsfromaroundtheworldto conveneandpresenttheirnewresearch?ndings. Theyhavebeenorganizedtoallow suf?cienttimefordiscussionsandone-on-oneinteractionsinarelaxedatmosphere, whereinternationalfriendshipsandcollaborationscanbefostered. The XIII International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration (also known as RD2008) was held from September 18-23, 2008 at the Hong Zhu Shan Hotel at thefootofEmeiMountainintheSichuanProvinceofChina, nearChengdu. The meeting brought together 152 basic and clinician scientists, retinal specialists in ophthalmology, andtraineesinthe?eldfromallpartsoftheworld. Inthecourse ofthemeeting,42platformand88posterpresentationsweregiven, andamajority ofthesearepresentedinthisproceedingsvolume. Newdiscoveriesandstateofthe art?ndingsfrommostresearchareasinthe?eldofretinaldegenerationswerep- sented. TheRD2008meetingwashighlightedbythreespeciallectures. The?rstwas givenby Glen Prusky, PhD, WeillCornellMedicalCollegeofCornellUniversity, New York City, NY. Dr. Prusky discussed the measures of vision in rodents as a tool for evaluating the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. The second was given by Kang Zhang, MD, PhD, on the molecular genetics of Stargardt's Disease. Dr. Zhang's undergraduate degree in biochemistry is from West China University in Chengdu, and he currently is at the Shiley Eye Center, University ofCaliforniaatSanDiego, SanDiego, CA. Thethirdplenarylecturewasgivenby Peter Campochiaro, MD, oftheWilmerEyeInstitute, JohnsHopkinsUniversity, Baltimore, MD. Dr. Campochiaro discussed the role of oxidant stress in macular degeneration. This Symposium would not have been possible without the support of our colleagues at the Sichuan People's Provincial Hospital and the Department of Ophthalmology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Fan Ying Chuan, MD, ViceChairman, SichuanOphthalmologySociety, DirectorofOphthalmology Department, SichuanAcademyofMedicalScience&SichuanProvincialPeople's Hospitaland Chen Xiao Ming, MD, Chairman, SichuanOphthalmologySociety, Director of West China Eye Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, gave tirelessly to our effort from the beginning. We are especially grateful to the ix x Preface administration of the Sichuan People's Provincial Hospital, which provided the ?nancialguaranteesnecessarytosecurethemeetingvenue. Theassistanceof Chen Hui (Robert), MD, of the SPPH throughout the planning and the meeting itself were of enormous help to us.

Neuro-ophthalmology has been an established subspecialty in neurology for over 30 yesrs. This issue of Neurologic Clinics contains the following articles: Ocular Motor Cranial Neuropathy (Volpe); Papilledema (Wall); Transient Monocular Visual Loss (Ahmed/Foroozan); Multiple Sclerosis (Galetta); Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (Bonelli/Arnold); Optic Neuritis (Eggenberger); Pupil Disorders (Kawasaki);Giant Cell Arteritis (Falardeau); Functional Visual Loss (Newman); Orbital Disease (McCulley); Thyroid Eye Disease (Cockerham); Vascular Neuro-opthalmology (Biousse); Neuroimaging (Costello); and Optic Atrophy (Golnik).

The distinguished contributors to this volume have been set the problem of describing how we know where to move our eyes. There is a great deal of current interest in the use of eye movement recordings to investigate various mental processes. The common theme is that variations in eye movements indicate variations in the processing of what is being perceived, whether in reading, driving or scene perception. However, a number of problems of interpretation are now emerging, and this edited volume sets out to address these problems. The book investigates controversies concerning the variations in eye movements associated with reading ability, concerning the extent to which text is used by the guidance mechanism while reading, concerning the relationship between eye movements and the control of other body movements, the relationship between what is inspected and what is perceived, and concerning the role of visual control attention in the acquisition of complex perceptual-motor skills, in addition to the nature of the guidance mechanism itself.
The origins of the volume are in discussions held at a meeting of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology (ESCOP) that was held in Wurzburg in September 1996. The discussions concerned the landing effect in reading, an effect, that if substantiated, would provide evidence of the use of parafoveal information in eye guidance, and these discussions were explored in more detail at a small meeting in Chamonix, in February 1997. Many of the contributors to this volume were present at the meeting, but the arguments were not resolved in Chamonix either. Other leaders in the field were invited to contribute to the discussion, and this volume is the product. The argument remains unresolved, but the problem is certainly clearer.

Over the past decades, knowledge about the cellular and molecular basis underlying the visual process has remarkably increased. In Retinal Degeneration: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field provide a guide of relevant and state-of-the-art methods for studying retinal homeostasis and disease. These include methods and techniques for addressing cell culture systems and animal models of disease, their generation, their phenotypic and molecular characterization as well as their use in therapeutic approaches to the retina. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Retinal Degeneration: Methods and Protocols aids scientists in continuing to study the cutting-edge techniques of retinal cell biology in health and disease.

Ocular Disease-a newly introduced companion volume to the classic Adler's Physiology of the Eye-correlates basic science and clinical management to describe the how and why of eye disease processes and the related best management protocols. Editors Leonard A. Levin and Daniel M. Albert-two of the world's leading ophthalmic clinician-scientists-have recruited as contributors the most expert and experienced authorities available in each of the major areas of ophthalmic disease specific to ophthalmology: retina, cornea, cataract, glaucoma, uveitis, and more. The concise chapter structure features liberal use of color-with 330 full-color line artworks, call-out boxes, summaries, and schematics for easy navigation and understanding. In print and online at expertconsult.com, this comprehensive resource provides you with a better and more practical understanding of the science behind eye disease and its relation to treatment. Includes access to the fully searchable text online at expertconsult.com, along with images and references. Covers all areas of disease in ophthalmology including retina, cornea, cataract, glaucoma, and uveitis for the comprehensive information you need for managing clinical cases. Presents a unique and pragmatic blend of necessary basic science and clinical application to serve as a clinical guide to understanding the cause and rational management of ocular disease. Features 330 full-color line artworks that translate difficult concepts and discussions into concise schematics for improved understanding and comprehension. Provides the expert advice of internationally recognized editors with over 40 years of experience together with a group of world class contributors in basic science and clinical ophthalmology. Your purchase entitles you to access the web site until the next edition is published, or until the current edition is no longer offered for sale by Elsevier, whichever occurs first. Elsevier reserves the right to offer a suitable replacement product (such as a downloadable or CD-ROM-based electronic version) should access to the web site be discontinued. Registration and use of the web site is subject to the terms of the non-transferable, limited license under which access to the site and its content is granted by Elsevier. Access to the site by individuals is limited to the first retail purchaser and may not be transferred to another party by resale, lending or other means.

With Contributions FromChelvin Sng (National University Health System, Singapore) & Laurence Lim (Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore)New Edition: The Ophthalmology Examinations Review (3rd Edition)Many new treatments and diagnostic procedures in ophthalmology have been refined or newly developed during the past four years, a new edition reflecting these changes is most timely.The scope and aim of the book will be consistent with the first edition, which provides a broad review of the specialist ophthalmology examinations for final year ophthalmology residents and trainees. The book deals primarily with key facts and topics that are important from the examination perspective. Only information and facts that are considered relevant and critical to the exams are covered, with topics that may be of scientific interest, but are not commonly tested in exams, specifically left out. Time-challenged readers will also benefit from the knowledge acquired from various other sources or textbooks that are now organized and synthesized in this book. While not meant to replace the standard textbooks, enough information is contained within the book to serve as the main revision text nearer the exams.The style and format of this book is intentionally didactic, with questions and short answers. The answer includes a "model opening statement," followed first by a classification system to aid organization of facts, and then the core explanation in concise short notes. "Exam Tips" are inserted to provide an insight into techniques of answering different types of questions and when appropriate, a "Clinical Approach" section is also included.In the new edition, topics such as new understanding of disease mechanisms (e.g., genetics of eye diseases), new investigations (e.g., OCT), and novel procedures and treatment (e.g., the use of antivascular endothelial growth factors, new refractive surgical techniques) are covered.This book will be a valuable guide to the final year ophthalmology residents and trainees taking the specialist ophthalmology examinations, particularly for exams with a strong oral or viva component. Although primarily aimed at candidates attempting the British postgraduate exams (FRCS, FRANZCO, MRCS, MRCOphth and FRCOphth), it is also useful for other examination systems (e.g., the American Boards). Many junior residents, in fact, find the information handy during grand rounds.

With Contributions FromChelvin Sng (National University Health System, Singapore) & Laurence Lim (Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore)New Edition: The Ophthalmology Examinations Review (3rd Edition)Many new treatments and diagnostic procedures in ophthalmology have been refined or newly developed during the past four years, a new edition reflecting these changes is most timely.The scope and aim of the book will be consistent with the first edition, which provides a broad review of the specialist ophthalmology examinations for final year ophthalmology residents and trainees. The book deals primarily with key facts and topics that are important from the examination perspective. Only information and facts that are considered relevant and critical to the exams are covered, with topics that may be of scientific interest, but are not commonly tested in exams, specifically left out. Time-challenged readers will also benefit from the knowledge acquired from various other sources or textbooks that are now organized and synthesized in this book. While not meant to replace the standard textbooks, enough information is contained within the book to serve as the main revision text nearer the exams.The style and format of this book is intentionally didactic, with questions and short answers. The answer includes a "model opening statement," followed first by a classification system to aid organization of facts, and then the core explanation in concise short notes. "Exam Tips" are inserted to provide an insight into techniques of answering different types of questions and when appropriate, a "Clinical Approach" section is also included.In the new edition, topics such as new understanding of disease mechanisms (e.g., genetics of eye diseases), new investigations (e.g., OCT), and novel procedures and treatment (e.g., the use of antivascular endothelial growth factors, new refractive surgical techniques) are covered.This book will be a valuable guide to the final year ophthalmology residents and trainees taking the specialist ophthalmology examinations, particularly for exams with a strong oral or viva component. Although primarily aimed at candidates attempting the British postgraduate exams (FRCS, FRANZCO, MRCS, MRCOphth and FRCOphth), it is also useful for other examination systems (e.g., the American Boards). Many junior residents, in fact, find the information handy during grand rounds.

This book provides the latest findings on neuroprotection and neuroregeneration as potential therapeutic strategies for various eye diseases, namely, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal detachment, and retinitis pigmentosa. Glaucoma is one of the main causes of blindness throughout the world, and other diseases such as AMD and retinitis pigmentosa also lead to loss of vision. All these conditions are characterized by degeneration of specific retinal cell types, making it essential to establish treatments to protect retinal neurons and the optic nerve. With that aim in mind, this book explains the mechanisms underlying aforementioned diseases and their experimental models. The novel strategy proposals for the treatment of retinal diseases based on the concept of neuroprotection are also discussed in the main body of the text, while the section on regenerative research discusses optic nerve regeneration, endothelial progenitor cells, and iPS cells. This book is recommended as a professional reference work for all doctors and trainees in the field of ophthalmology who are interested in neuroprotective and neuroregenerative treatments.

Written by experts in the field, this comprehensive resource offers valuable information on the practical uses of drugs in primary eye care. Discussions of the pharmacology of ocular drugs such as anti-infective agents, anti-glaucoma drugs, and anti-allergy drugs lead to more in-depth information on ocular drugs used to treat a variety of disorders, including diseases of the eyelids, corneal diseases, ocular infections, and glaucoma. The book also covers ocular toxicology, focusing on drug interactions, ocular effects of systemic drugs, and life-threatening systemic emergencies. A logical organization makes it easy to find essential information. Complete coverage of the basic fundamentals of pharmacology such as ocular drug delivery and ocular drug formulations. Comprehensive reviews of the pharmacology of specific classes of agents such as the cycloplegics, antiglaucoma drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, ocular irrigating solutions, and contact lens care products. In-depth information on ocular drugs used in clinical practice, including chapters on drugs used to treat eyelid disorders, lacrimal diseases, conjunctiva diseases, corneal diseases, allergies, uveitis, postoperative cataract, retinal diseases, and glaucoma. Coverage of ocular toxicology, including drug interactions, ocular effects of systemic drugs, and life-threatening systemic emergencies. Completely revised and updated content that reflects the latest advances in pharmacology. Updated information on post-operative drugs, including LASIK follow up medications. Expanded coverage in the chapters on Anti-infective Drugs, Anti-allergy Drugs and Decongestants, and Lubricants and Other Preparations of Ocular Surface Disease that includes the latest advancements in antibiotics and medications used to treat allergies and dry eye. A dosage quick reference guide on the inside front cover for quick and easy access. Information on the use of herbal medications.

Minimize diagnostic errors...maximize your productivity! Each title in the new Rapid Diagnosis in Ophthalmology series presents full-color images - with differential diagnoses - in side-by-side page layouts to enhance your diagnostic skills. A templated format expedites access to the specific guidance you need to diagnose the most common conditions - from simple to complex - encountered in practice. Coverage of the key features, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options for Graves Disease, blepharoplasty, fractures, and eyelid tumors equips you with the latest guidance. Hundreds of full-color images present conditions as they present in real life. Common diagnostic pitfalls discuss what to look out for when making a difficult diagnosis. A templated, color-coded layout and differential diagnosis boxes for each condition help you make quick, accurate clinical decisions. A focus on the most common conditions encountered in practice allows you to efficiently formulate treatment plans and referrals. SERIES EDITORS: Jay S. Duker, MD, Director, New England Eye Center, Vitreoretinal Diseases and Surgery Service; Director, Pediatric Retinal Referral Center, Uveitis & Immunology Service; Professor and Chair of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA and Marian S. Macsai, MD, Chief, Division of Ophthalmology, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare; Professor and Vice-Chair of the Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, MI

This second Uveitis volume provides the ophthalmologist with the most current understanding of the pathogenesis of the most frequent immune-mediated disorders of the eye and a practical approach to these diseases. It fills the gap between textbooks and original research publications and focuses on clinical aspects of inflammatory eye diseases. It covers a broad spectrum, including diseases affecting the conjunctiva, sclera and cornea, as well as intraocular inflammation, and it includes basic research aspects, such as immune mechanisms and genetics. The book is easy to read with highly structured core messages and summaries for the clinician.

Written by a practicing ophthalmologist, this book explains the eye and how it develops and functions—or can malfunction, especially as we age—and what our options are to maximize or retain eye health. Dr. Kitchen also explains the many treatments and surgical options available, as well as myths and false beliefs or promises that are common in relation to eye health and treatments today. Dr. Kitchen describes time-tested, proven techniques, as well as new treatments and surgeries changing the nature of eye care, including refractive surgery options. He also explains common problems from red eye to macular degeneration, and spotlights beliefs and treatment claims that are uninformed or downright deceptive. His goal is to help Boomers and parents make well-informed decisions about eye care for themselves and their family members, and also to help aging consumers retain their visual health. Appendices include a glossary of eye and eye care terms. The topics addressed include eye anatomy, examinations, medications, treatments, and surgery. Conditions described range from dry eye to ocular migraines, lazy eye, cataracts, glaucoma, and eye cancer.