Written to help trainee ophthalmologists and now the recognized text on optics for the examinations of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists and the Royal Surgical Colleges, this textbook approaches the subject from first principles and assumes no previous knowledge of optics. The book has been kept as simple as possible and is liberally complemented with diagrams which are designed to be easily understood and memorised. Only the most fundamental and clinically useful mathematical formulae are quoted, and the optical principles are applied to clinical situations.

Ophthalmology examinations have changed substantially since the last edition was written and a total rewrite of this essential guide has become necessary. The third edition has been made more comprehensive and detailed to keep up with these changes and incorporates three new chapters - on refractive surgery, contact lenses and lasers. Other new material includes photometry, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, colour vision, absorptive lenses, fluorescence, ultrasound, and the specular microscope.

Proceedings of the International Symposium, Munich, FRG, 16-18 September, 1982

This volume details the latest technology in treating eye injuries and infections. It provides insight into the most up-to-date and established treatment options. The volume focuses on what can currently be achieved with a variety of ocular prostheses as well as what the future holds. Coverage reviews issues such as intraocular lens implants, biocompatibility of materials, retinal implants, testing models, and software designs.

This detailed volume introduces the reader to current methods in glaucoma research, in particular those that make use of animal disease models. Given that the retinal ganglion cells damaged and destroyed by glaucoma do not regenerate after lowering the intraocular pressure, new therapeutic approaches that protect ganglion cells directly is a vital research goal that this volume's contents aim to aid scientists in developing. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Glaucoma: Methods and Protocols serves as a useful guide for both ophthalmologists in clinical practice and researchers in the field.

Endoscopic orbital procedures are at the forefront of today's multidisciplinary patient care and team approach to problem-solving. Endoscopic Surgery of the Orbit offers state-of-the-art, expert guidance on minimally invasive orbit techniques that promise a more streamlined approach to comprehensive patient care, improved patient satisfaction, and superior outcomes. This unique resource reflects the contemporary, unparalleled partnership between otolaryngology, neurosurgery, and ophthalmology that often also includes a cohesive team of clinicians from many other specialties. Provides expert perspectives from thought leaders in various specialties, including otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons, endocrinologists, medical and radiation oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists. Details the two-surgeon, multi-handed surgical techniques that have revolutionized the management of complex pathologies involving the orbit and skull base. Covers the full breadth of endoscopic orbital procedures-from advanced intraconal tumor removal and intracranial techniques involving the optic nerve and optic chiasm to more routine endoscopic procedures such as orbital decompressions, E-DCR, fracture repair, and subperiosteal abscess drainage. Reviews key topics such as neuromonitoring in orbital and skull base surgery, endoscopic surgery of the intraconal space for tumor resection, Transorbital NeuroEnodscopic Surgery (TONES), and reconstruction of the orbit. Includes tips and pearls on safe and effective procedures as well as novel approaches and innovations in the equipment used to perform these popular procedures. Provides superb visual reinforcement with more than 400 high-definition images of anatomy, imaging, and surgical techniques, as well as procedural videos. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

This volume details the history of Retinitis Pigmentosa and current treatment options. Chapters guide readers through CRISPR, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, next-generation sequencing methods, gene editing, and translational applications of other therapies to the treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Retinitis Pigmentosa aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.

Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium of the International Research Group on Colour Vision Deficiencies

Vision and the Visual System offers students, teachers, and researchers a rigorous, yet accessible account of how the brain analyzes the visual scene. Schiller and Tehovnik describe key aspects of visual perception while explaining the relationship between eye movements and the neural structures in the brain, which play a central role in how we process visual information. The book discusses various brain areas involved in processing information, focusing on the evolutionary origins and mechanics behind the several parallel pathways that compose the visual system. Later chapters explain how the nervous system processes the perception of color, motion, depth, and patterns. A variety of illusions are on display in Chapter 14, where the authors provide detailed explanations that deconstruct how the visual system operates to create them. The volume concludes with a discussion of recent attempts to build visual prosthetic devices for blind individuals, of which there are more than 40 million in the world. Vision and the Visual System is based on Professor Schiller's more than 40 years of experience teaching vision courses at MIT, and is tailored especially for college undergraduates and graduate students interested in visual perception and the operations of the visual system.

Proceedings of the 19th ISCEV Symposium, Horgen-Zurich, Switzerland, June 1-5, 1981

Extensively revised, this state-of-the-art 3rd edition of Cataract Surgery offers new perspectives and cutting-edge coverage of the rapidly evolving field of cataract surgery. Roger F. Steinert, MD, along with a who's who of top international experts, delivers comprehensive clinical coverage of the latest surgical techniques, principles, and pearls, as well as expert advice on preoperative assessment and how to avoid and manage complications. Detailed discussions on today's hot topics such as aspheric and presbyopia IOL, phacoemulsification, and more, keep you at the forefront of this burgeoning field. And, more than 1050 illustrations and a DVD containing videos of cataract procedures give you step-by-step visual guidance. Plus, with Expert Consult functionality, you'll have easy access to the full text online at www.expertconsult.com. Features expert tips on common pitfalls in cataract surgery, including advanced surgical pearls to maximize patient outcomes. Contains 10 new chapters covering Modular Intraocular Lenses (IOLs), Femtosecond-Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery, Preoperative Evaluation and Considerations of Astigmatism, Toric Intraocular Lenses (IOLs), Managing Residual Postoperative Astigmatism, Retinal Considerations in Cataract Surgery, Management of Dysphotopsia, Refractive Enhancements after Cataract Surgery, and more. Provides rich visual guidance with more than 1,200 diagnostic, clinical, and surgical photos and illustrations with clear explanations. Includes more than 50 videos of narrated surgical footage performed by the authors, offering real-time guidance on the full range of the latest cataract surgery techniques. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. Provides access to the full-text online at www.expertconsult.com for convenient referencing. Includes a DVD of surgical videos performed by the authors, offering you real-time guidance on the full range of the latest cataract surgery techniques, including phacoemulsification in the presence of a small pupil, toric IOL implantation, biaxial microincision cataract surgery, and many others. Features expert hints and tips on the common pitfalls in cataract surgery, including advanced surgical pearls to save you valuable time and help you avoid costly errors. Offers expanded coverage on how to manage complications, to prepare you for the challenges you face. Provides the latest information on phacoemulsification techniques, keeping you on the cusp of these popular procedures. Presents new chapters on Aspheric Multifocal, Accommodating IOLs, Color-filtering IOL, IOL design, and Capsular opacification offering you the latest information in this rapidly advancing area.

Optical Coherence Tomography represents the ultimate noninvasive ocular imaging technique although being in the field for over two-decades. This book encompasses both medical and technical developments and recent achievements. Here, the authors cover the field of application from the anterior to the posterior ocular segments (Part I) and present a comprehensive review on the development of OCT. Important developments towards clinical applications are covered in Part II, ranging from the adaptive optics to the integration on a slit-lamp, and passing through new structural and functional information extraction from OCT data. The book is intended to be informative, coherent and comprehensive for both the medical and technical communities and aims at easing the communication between the two fields and bridging the gap between the two scientific communities.

This book will contain the proceedings of the XV International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration (RD2012). A majority of those who will speak and present posters at the meeting will contribute to this volume. The blinding diseases of inherited retinal degenerations have no treatments, and age-related macular degeneration has no cures, despite the fact that it is an epidemic among the elderly, with 1 in 3-4 affected by the age of 70. The RD Symposium will focus on the exciting new developments aimed at understanding these diseases and providing therapies for them. Since most major scientists in the field of retinal degenerations attend the biennial RD Symposia, they are known by most as the "best" and "most important" meetings in the field. The volume will present representative state-of-the-art research in almost all areas of retinal degenerations, ranging from cytopathologic, physiologic, diagnostic and clinical aspects; animal models; mechanisms of cell death; candidate genes, cloning, mapping and other aspects of molecular genetics; and developing potential therapeutic measures such as gene therapy and neuroprotective agents for potential pharmaceutical therapy. While advances in these areas of retinal degenerations will be described, there will be many new topics that either were in their infancy or did not exist at the time of the last RD Symposium, RD2010. These include the role of inflammation and immunity, as well as other basic mechanisms, in age-related macular degeneration, several new aspects of gene therapy, and revolutionary new imaging and functional testing that will have a huge impact on the diagnosis and following the course of retinal degenerations, as well as to provide new quantitative endpoints for clinical trials. The retina is an approachable part of the central nervous system (CNS), and there is a major interest in neuroprotective and gene therapy for CNS diseases and neurodegenerations, in general. It should be noted that with successful and exciting initial clinical trials in neuroprotective and gene therapy, including the restoration of sight in blind children, the retinal degeneration therapies are leading the way towards new therapeutic measures for neurodegenerations of the CNS. Many of the successes recently reported in these areas of retinal degeneration sprang from collaborations established at previous RD Symposia, and many of those will be reported at the RD2010 meeting and included in the proposed volume. We anticipate the excitement of those working in the field and those afflicted with retinal degenerations will be reflected in the volume.

Proceedings of a Workshop held at the Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy on December 12-15, 1980

This book provides an integrated review of the human ocular microbiome. It documents the discovery of ocular surface microbes by the conventional cultivable method and next generation sequencing technologies in both healthy and diseased (keratitis, uveitis, endophthalmitis, blepharitis, conjunctivitis etc.) eyes. The book further discusses the confounding factors that influence the microbiome, mycobiome and virome. The chapters cover niche-specificity with reference to skin, eyelid- margin, hands etc. It highlights the concept of core genera, dysbiosis and discriminating genera and covers the functional relevance of the dysbiotic microbiome, mycobiome and virome with respect to ocular diseases. The book includes topics on the relevance of molecular mechanisms, including quorum-sensing and mucin metabolism to ocular disorders, such as dry eye; and, microbiome-based therapies for treating of ocular disorders like vernal keratoconjunctivitis. The book is essential for microbiologists studying the human eye, ophthalmologists treating eye infection and trauma. It also caters to students of medical microbiology and medicine.

This book presents a new method for analyzing the structure and function of the biological branching systems of fractal trees, with a focus on microcirculation. Branching systems in humans (vascular and bronchial trees) and those in the natural world (plants, trees, and rivers) are characterized by a fractal nature. To date, fractal studies have tended to concentrate on fractal dimensions, which quantify the complexity of objects, but the applications for practical use have remained largely unexplored. This book breaks new ground with topics that include the human retinal microcirculatory network, oxygen consumption by vascular walls, the F hraeus-Lindqvist effect, the bifurcation exponent, and the asymmetrical microvascular network. Readers are provided with simple formulas to express functions and a simulation graph with in vivo data. The book also discusses the mechanisms regulating blood flow and pressure and how they are related to pathological changes in the human body. Researchers and clinicians alike will find valuable new insights in these pioneering studies.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) offers a consolidated view of a complex disorder by summarizing the latest evidence-based studies and translating their findings into practical, actionable knowledge. This concise resource covers the fundamentals of AMD diagnosis and treatment. It operates under a modern definition of AMD which acknowledges the range of presentations that ophthalmologists see in practice. Offering practical, clinical guidance in addition to capturing new therapeutic approaches in the pipeline, this book is an essential reference for ophthalmologists, optometrists, and researchers. . Takes a concise yet comprehensive approach to AMD, covering both basic science and clinical guidance. . Features clinical guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of AMD, including classification, signs/symptoms, imaging, and differential diagnosis in the pre-optical coherence tomography (OCT) and modern OCT eras. . Presents up-to-date information on AMD therapies currently in the development pipeline and offers insights for the future of translational research. . Explains molecular genetics and pathogenic events of AMD from both basic and clinical perspectives, which may help readers seek promising new therapeutic targets . Contains more than 112 full-color illustrations with multimodal imaging techniques that clearly demonstrate AMD pathophysiology and clinical pathology.

This book contains unique cases from Middle Eastern patients that are very rare in other countries and cases not included in other literature on this topic. This could be related to our geographic area as well as social conditions of life. The book collects over 600 pictures of different corneal ulcers/keratitis, including before and after treatment photos over 10 years of practice. The photos regarding corneal ulcers caused by specific and isolated microorganisms with before and after treatment photos will give a comprehensive idea to any clinician how the appearance of the eye will be by the end. This book will include some surgical cases with almost all possible complications as well as corneal tattooing and Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis cases. It will be an ideal reference source for ophthalmologists, residents, and students.

"Clinical Orthoptics" has become established as a basic reference text providing fundamental information on anatomy, innervation and orthoptic investigation, plus diagnosis and management of strabismus, ocular motility and related disturbances. It is aimed at trainee ophthalmologists and orthoptic undergraduate students. Qualified orthoptists, general ophthalmologists and optometrists will also find valuable guidance in these pages.

In this edition, the author has maintained the goal of producing a user-friendly, clinically relevant and succinct book, while revising it to reflect a variety of developments in the field.

FEATURESEssential reading for students of orthoptics and ophthalmolologyNow fully revised and updatedGenerously illustrated with photographs and line drawingsIncludes diagnostic aids, case reports, and helpful glossary

This book presents descriptive overviews of gene editing strategies across multiple species while also offering in-depth insight on complex cases of application in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Chapters feature contributions from leaders in stem cell therapy and biology, providing a comprehensive view of the application of gene therapy in numerous fields with an emphasis on ophthalmology, stem cells, and agriculture. The book also highlights recent major technological advances, including ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR. Precision Medicine, CRISPR, and Genome Engineering is part of the highly successful Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology series. It is an indispensable resource for researchers and students in genetics as well as clinicians.

This volume represents the proceedings of the Fifth Congress of the International Society of Ocular Toxicology (ISOT), which was held at the Grove Park Inn and Resort in Asheville, North Carolina, October 13-17, 1996. We are delighted to present this volume to the ophthalmic community, especially those with a significant interest in ocular toxicol ogy. The Fifth Congress was developed around themes relating to ocular drug metabolism, the ocular pathophysiological effects of nitric oxide, government issues relating to the use of alternative methods for toxicity testing, and a workshop that encompassed comparisons of both in vitro versus in vivo models as well as different animal models. The outcome of this congress, embodied in this volume, is a contribution to the methodologies currently employed or under development and to various drug or physical effects on different ocular tissues. While the focus of this proceedings is on ocular effects of drugs or other materials, many of the contributions deal with topics that have a much broader interest. The workshop concerning the use of different model systems and the choice of the best animal model for drug testing covers a wide range of interests that ex tends far beyond specific ocular effects. This is especially true in the area of alternative methods and in the choice of the best animal model for examination of different disease entities.

This book contains the proceedings of the XVIII International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration (RD2018). A majority of those who spoke and presented posters at the meeting contributed to this volume. The blinding diseases of inherited retinal degenerations have no treatments, and age-related macular degeneration has no cures, despite the fact that it is an epidemic among the elderly, with 1 in 3-4 affected by the age of 70. The RD Symposium focused on the exciting new developments aimed at understanding these diseases and providing therapies for them. Since most major scientists in the field of retinal degenerations attend the biennial RD Symposia, they are known by most as the "best" and "most important" meetings in the field. The volume presents representative state-of-the-art research in almost all areas of retinal degenerations, ranging from cytopathologic, physiologic, diagnostic and clinical aspects; animal models; mechanisms of cell death; candidate genes, cloning, mapping and other aspects of molecular genetics; and developing potential therapeutic measures such as gene therapy and neuroprotective agents for potential pharmaceutical therapy. While advances in these areas of retinal degenerations were described, there will be many new topics that either are in their infancy or did not exist at the time of the last RD Symposium, RD2016. These include the role of inflammation and immunity, as well as other basic mechanisms, in age-related macular degeneration, several new aspects of gene therapy, and revolutionary new imaging and functional testing that will have a huge impact on the diagnosis and following the course of retinal degenerations, as well as to provide new quantitative endpoints for clinical trials. The retina is an approachable part of the central nervous system (CNS), and there is a major interest in neuroprotective and gene therapy for CNS diseases and neurodegenerations, in general. It should be noted that with successful and exciting initial clinical trials in neuroprotective and gene therapy, including the restoration of sight in blind children, the retinal degeneration therapies are leading the way towards new therapeutic measures for neurodegenerations of the CNS. Many of the successes recently reported in these areas of retinal degeneration sprang from collaborations established at previous RD Symposia, and many of those were reported at the RD2016 meeting and included in the current volume. We anticipate the excitement of those working in the field and those afflicted with retinal degenerations is reflected in the volume.

Basic Principles of Ophthalmic Surgery is an essential textbook for any ophthalmology resident or trainee and will help them build a solid foundation of ophthalmic surgical knowledge. It lays the groundwork for the 80 surgical procedures covered in the companion volume, Basic Techniques of Ophthalmic Surgery, Third Edition. In this new edition, chapters have been reviewed and revised with important updates in the areas of ergonomics, intraocular fluids, patient safety issues and postoperative management. Each chapter includes key points, suggested reading and self-assessment questions. In addition, the book contains more than 200 photographs and illustrations and four videos.