Uveitis and immunological disorders encompass a wide spectrum of potentially blinding diseases that are seen in daily practice by many ophthalmologists. In recent years enormous progress has been made understanding the principal mechanisms of inflammatory and immunological processes in ocular disorders. The purpose of this volume of Essentials in Ophthalmology is to provide the ophthalmologist with our present understanding of the pathogenesis of the most frequent immune-mediated disorders of the eye and a practical approach to these diseases.

Uveitis and Immunological Disorders fits in the series of Essentials in Ophthalmology to fill the gap between textbooks and original research publications. With a broad spectrum of contributions, including diseases affecting the conjunctiva, sclera and cornea as well as intraocular inflammation, this publication will serve not only as a valuable source of up-to-date information for ophthalmologists but also be of interest to pediatricians, specialists in internal medicine and dermatologists confronted with inflammatory eye diseases. Although mainly focused on clinical aspects of inflammatory eye diseases, several contributions address aspects such as immune mechanisms and genetics of these diseases.

The area of spinal cord plasticity has become a very actively researched field. The spinal cord has long been known to organize reflex patterns and serve as the major transmission pathway for sensory and motor nerve impulses. However, the role of the spinal cord in information processing and in experience driven alterations is generally not recognized. With recent advances in neural recording techniques, behavioral technologies and neural tracing and imaging methods has come the ability to better assess the role of the spinal cord in behavioral control and alteration. The discoveries in recent years have been revolutionary. Alterations due to nociceptive inputs, simple learning paradigms and repetitive inputs have now been documented and their mechanisms are being elucidated. These findings have important clinical implications. The development of pathological pain after a spinal cord injury likely depends on the sensitization of neurons within the spinal cord. The capacity of the spinal cord to change as a function of experience, and adapt to new environmental relations, also affects the recovery locomotive function after a spinal cord injury. Mechanisms within the spinal cord can support stepping and the capacity for this behavior depends on behavioral training. By taking advantage of the plasticity inherent within the spinal cord, rehabilitative procedures may foster the recovery of function.

Seeing is life. Seeing is transfonning luminous col We wish to extend our academic and theoretical ored stimulations and shapes into amental represen knowledge and also to complete and exchange our tation, structured in space and in time. But seeing is technical and professional experience to prepare also opening onto the world that surrounds us: it is corrective means for the future. thus a means for communicating and learning. Numerous questions have yet to be answered, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a philosopher worth such as: quoting during the bicentennial of the French Revo lution of which he was an instigator, stated, "of all * Will it one day be possible to defer or stop the the senses, vision is that wh ich can be the least aging of the accommodative apparatus? readily separated from judgments of the mind. " * Is further improvement of the current corrective Sight is increasingly called on in our modern means possible, whether spectacles or contact world. Maturity is affected at about 40-45 years by lenses? the on set of presbyopia. Atthat age, which demands * How are behavioral and psychological presbyope all our intellectual and physical means, our sight typologies to be integrated in the course of exam should be irreproachable. Our efficiency must not be ination, prescription, and fitting with corrective diminished.

Inside this book are reflections on the nature of vision and blindness. Further, there are explorations of interpretive research, and presentations of some seminal and contemporary publications in the field of blindness. The other major fodder for conversation with you the reader is an elaborated example of empirical research entitled Blind Online Learners. Each element of this inquiry is explicitly reflected upon as an example of interpretive research. This book is intended for four intersecting groups of readers. If you are a philosopher, closet or sanctioned, then you cannot ponder the nature of being without due consideration for vision, and cannot contemplate the role of seeing in our lives without listening to the stories of those who are blind. The tales within this text are particularly contemporaneous because they are contextualized by the cyber-phenomena of online learning. This segues to the second group of readers, as the described empirical research was originally intended to bring greater depth and breadth of understanding to the field of educational technology, particularly as it intersects with disability studies. There is a paucity of published literature that has inquired into disabled online learners, and this research study responds to that call. Third, this book may be used as a textbook on approaches to interpretive empirical research. It is as close as one may come to a recipe, walking students through a specific example. Because it is situated in actual empirical research, the intention was that it avoid the trap of being prescriptive or formulaic. Finally, the text is intended for readers interested in the field of blindness. The text reviews some of the seminal and contemporary research on blindness, and then presents an elaborated example of what we can and should expect to emerge in the knowledge production industry, changing what it means to be blind.

This volume of Documenta Ophthalmologica Proceedings Series collects the scientific papers presented at the 2nd International Symposium on Retinal Pigment Epithelium and the 4th Meeting of the European Macula Group held in Genoa, May 29-June 1, 1996. The Symposium on Retinal Pigment Epithelium was promoted by the University Eye Clinic of Genoa as the natural continuation of the first Symposium held with great success in Genoa in 1988. The previous Meetings of the European Macula Group were held in Coimbra (1988), Crete (1989) and Athens (1994). I was greatly pleased and honoured to host the fourth congress of this distinguished Society and I am grateful to Gabriel Coscas, Jose Cunha-Vaz and George Theodossiadis, found ers of the Society, for selecting Genoa on this occasion. The two meetings integrated well in an unicuum and brought together an exceptional number of outstanding retinal specialists coming from all over the world. All the aspects of the current research concerning retinal pigment epithelial and macular diseases were covered. Several interesting presentations regarded new techniques of retinal and choroidal imaging. A full session was dedicated to the latest advances in culture and transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Age-related macular degeneration was a major subject for discussion, including new approaches to treatment. This topic was high lighted by a mini-symposium on drusen, including a series of superb lectures on classification, clinicopathological studies, indocyanine green imaging, and laser treatment for prevention of choroidal neovascularization."

This timely publication fills a large gap in the ophthalmic literature which has so far lacked a monograph on the clinically very important subject of macular edema. The book presents the most up-to-date scientific concepts concerning the etiology and pathogenesis of blood retinal barrier breakdown such as tight junction associated protein dysfunction, and changes in fluid transport properties of the retinal pigment epithelium. The bulk of the book is clinically oriented and addresses novel imaging and diagnostic techniques for the detection of macular edema as well as the clinical context of a panoply of ocular diseases which induce macular edema, such as diabetes, other vasculopathies, uveitis, and many others. New light is shed on the association between highly active antiretroviral therapy and the induction of macular edema in HIV-positive patients. Novel drug treatment regimens with steroids and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as well as new ways of applying laser and surgical therapies are also discussed in detail, and practical treatment guidelines are given. This book will be helpful for vitreoretinal specialists as well as for the practising ophthalmologist confronted with patients suffering from macular edema.

As a garden is to a gardener, so a book is to its author. Nurtured out of love, both are a source of pride and hope. Microbiology, immunol ogy, infectious diseases, rheumatology, and ophthalmology are the seeds of this textbook on uveitis. Over the years, these branches of medicine have been cultivated and garnered to care for patients with inflammatory diseases of the eye, a most hardy species in the family of ocular maladies. The aim of this clinical manual is to give both a serviceable frame work and practical information on ocular inflammatory disease. The first section is devoted to general principles and commonly held sup positions in the field of uveitis. A system of diagnosis, based on the differential, is also offered. Traumatic uveitis is addressed in the sec ond section. The third part examines infectious diseases that have been identified with uveitis. These are frequently curable forms of ocular inflammation caused by replicating foreign antigens. The fourth section of this textbook considers inflammatory diseases of the eye with a presumed autoimmune mechanism. A disobedient, autoreactive immune response is postulated to playa role in these forms of uveitis. Masquerade and idiopathic conditions are dis cussed in the final chapters. Etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis are provided for each disease syndrome. As with most gardens, there are many styles and delightful entrances to the field of uveitis.

This book describes advances in implantable neural stimulation technology to restore partial sight to people who are blind from retinal degnerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retintis pigmentosa. Many scientific, engineering, and surgical challenges must be surmounted before widespread practical applications can be realized. The book summarizes the state of research and clinical practice in the field and reviews the current ideas and approaches of its leading researchers and practitioners.

Thirty years ago, Gobin and Bierlaagh developed the simultaneous horizontal and cyclovertical strabismus surgery that became a recognized, albeit much debated method, but no manual on the subject was available until now. The book is aimed at ophthalmologists interested in strabismus. It is also intended for orthoptists, in view of the importance of examining ocular motility. Although the ophthalmologist remains responsible for the surgical indication, the active participation of the orthoptist is advantageous. The analysis of incomitances of the eye movements is discussed extensively, as it is the keystone of simultaneous surgery. For the same reason, great attention is given to the surgical indications. The chapter on oculomotor disturbances is completed with a series of examples of the most common motility disorders and the indications for their surgical treatment. Surgery is covered in detail. Primary surgery is discussed in the same section as surgery for under and overcorrection.Since a correct sequence of the different surgical acts is essential for a smooth intervention, the technique of operating rectus as well as oblique muscles is presented in a clear, step-by-step manner. The last chapter deals with the complications such as limitation of duction, postoperative diplopia and the change in palpebral fissure. The book contains approximately 380 black and white illustrations in 270 figures and 94 colour plates, illustrating surgical techniques. The work is based on an analysis of more than 6500 cases.

Since its inception, the International Research Group on Colour Vision Deficiencies (IRGCVD) has followed the policy that the Symposium Pro ceedings should be as close as possible to a complete record of the scientific content of the meeting. This policy has the advantage of providing an accurate picture of the current state of the art in research on color vision deficiencies, but it also has the disadvantage that papers typically span a wide range of quality. In this volume, however, we have instituted a system of peer review in an effort to enhance scientific quality as much as possible while continuing our past policy of publishing all submitted manuscripts. In addition to being edited for English composition and grammar, each of the papers included here has been carefully reviewed by an IRGCVD member selected for his or her expertise in the specific topic of the paper. Reviewers were instructed to include in their comments suggestions for improvement rather than recom or rejection. In our opinion, this review process mendations for publication has resulted in substantial improvement of many of the articles and has enhanced the value of the publication. We are pleased to acknowledge the efforts of our reviewers and offer them our sincere thanks for their important contributions to Colour Vision Deficiencies X. The Editors B. Drum, J. D. Moreland & A. Serra (eds. ), Colour Vision Deficiencies X, p. xiii."

Modern North American sturgeons and paddlefish are the result of 100 million years of evolution. Once an integral part of aboriginal culture, their numbers were decimated by overfishing and habitat destruction during the past two centuries.

This book details the extensive science aimed at helping these remarkable species recover from the brink of extinction, and describes the historical, biological, and ecological importance of North American sturgeon and paddlefish. The text is enhanced by photographs and detailed line drawings.

This comprehensive volume will be an invaluable resource for researchers, educators, and consultants, in academic and government settings, who work to further scientific understanding of these fishes. No other single compilation has documented current information in such detail.

Master new procedures and improve outcomes with Operative Techniques in Vitreoretinal Surgery. This easy-to-read, "how-to" surgical atlas offers expert, step-by-step guidance on how to successfully perform basic retina and vitreous surgery as well as more involved complex and advanced procedures. Edited by Abdhish R. Bhavsar, MD, this unique resource focuses on the essentials of operative technique, helping both the novice and advanced retina surgeon make the most of the latest, most effective procedures in this fast-moving field. Covers commonly performed and more complex vitreoretinal surgical techniques as well as surgical approaches to specific disorders-all using up-to-date methods and technology. Contains more than 300 high-quality clinical photographs and illustrations with clear explanations. Includes key topics such as scleral buckle surgery, vitrectomy surgery including 27 gauge, managing intraocular tumors, iris and scleral fixation of dislocated intraocular lenses, including the Yamane technique, the latest ROP surgical management, and modern vitreous implant surgical approaches. Discusses the latest techniques for repairing very large or failed macular holes, robotic retina and vitreous surgery, artificial retinal prosthesis surgery, and delivery of subretinal gene therapy. Highlights clinical pearls, pitfalls, and potential complications throughout. Features more than 60 video clips that demonstrate key procedures and techniques. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

What surgical advancements have spawned from the evolution of phaco technology? Join the thousands of surgeons who have utilized "Phacodynamics: Mastering the Tools and Techniques of Phacoemulsification Surgery" to understand and benefit from the advantages of phaco technology.

The revised, expanded, and updated "Fourth Edition" of this classic text includes over 300 simple, yet elegant, figures and illustrations detailing the latest machine technologies and surgical techniques. Visual learners...

In addition to examining the intricate relationship between the surgeon and the phaco machine, Dr. Barry Seibel profiles how the most recent advancements in machine technology can enhance your surgical procedures and optimize your results. With schematic figures and illustrations to accompany the detailed descriptions, surgeons can readily identify and distinguish between various flow pumps, vacuum pumps, and ultrasound power modulations. Surgery can then be customized moment by moment for each individual patient to maximize safety and efficacy.
"Phacodynamics, Fourth Edition" utilizes a simplified approach to explain all the latest advancements in phaco technology and surgery and should be in the hands of all surgeons practicing in this specialized area.
New topics included that are unique to this Fourth Edition:

• Bimanual Microincision Phaco
• Ultrasound Power Modulations including Burst and Pulse Modes
• AquaLase and Laser Surgical Technologies
• Expanded Horizontal Chopping Techniques including PreChop
• Vertical Chopping Techniques and Instrumentation
• Bimanual Irrigation and Aspiration
• Phacodynamic Complications
• Phacodynamics of SurgicalInstrument Design

Ophthalmic Anaesthesia is a new textbook written by an international group of authors who are recognized experts in the fields of anaesthesia and ophthalmology. Covering the entire subspecialty of anaesthesia for surgery of the eye, the book offers chapters on a variety of subjects including: the history of ophthalmic anaesthesia, physiology and pharmacology, anatomy, pre-operative assessment, paediatric anaesthesia, orbital regional anaesthesia, general anaesthesia, complications, high-volume cataract surgery, and future developments. Written by both academicians and experienced clinicians, this is a well-referenced and illustrated text describing the techniques used in the anaesthetic management of patients undergoing the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the world.

This comprehensive volume discusses approaches for a systematic selection of delivery systems for various classes of therapeutic agents including small molecule, protein, and nucleic acid drugs.

Specific topics covered in this book include: Solution, suspension, gel, nanoparticle, microparticle, and implant dosage formsRefillable and microneedle devicesIntravitreal, suprachoroidal, intrascleral, transscleral, systemic, and topical routes of deliveryPhysical methods including iontophoresis for drug deliveryRational selection of routes of administration and delivery systemsNoninvasive and continuous drug monitoring Regulatory path to drug product developmentClinical endpoints for drug product developmentEmerging and existing drugs and drug targets

"Drug Product Development for the Back of the Eye" is authored by renowned ocular drug delivery experts, representing academic, clinical, and industrial organizations and serves as indispensable resource for ophthalmic researchers, drug formulation scientists, drug delivery and drug disposition scientists, as well as clinicians involved in designing and developing novel therapeutics for the back of the eye diseases. This book is also relevant for students in various disciplines including ophthalmology, pharmaceutical sciences, drug delivery, and biomedical engineering. Refillable and microneedle devicesIntravitreal, suprachoroidal, intrascleral, transscleral, systemic, and topical routes of deliveryPhysical methods including iontophoresis for drug deliveryRational selection of routes of administration and delivery systemsNoninvasive and continuous drug monitoring Regulatory path to drug product developmentClinical endpoints for drug product developmentEmerging and existing drugs and drug targets

"Drug Product Development for the Back of the Eye" is authored by renowned ocular drug delivery experts, representing academic, clinical, and industrial organizations and serves as indispensable resource for ophthalmic researchers, drug formulation scientists, drug delivery and drug disposition scientists, as well as clinicians involved in designing and developing novel therapeutics for the back of the eye diseases. This book is also relevant for students in various disciplines including ophthalmology, pharmaceutical sciences, drug delivery, and biomedical engineering. Refillable and microneedle devicesIntravitreal, suprachoroidal, intrascleral, transscleral, systemic, and topical routes of deliveryPhysical methods including iontophoresis for drug deliveryRational selection of routes of administration and delivery systemsNoninvasive and continuous drug monitoring Regulatory path to drug product developmentClinical endpoints for drug product developmentEmerging and existing drugs and drug targets

"Drug Product Development for the Back of the Eye" is authored by renowned ocular drug delivery experts, representing academic, clinical, and industrial organizations and serves as indispensable resource for ophthalmic researchers, drug formulation scientists, drug delivery and drug disposition scientists, as well as clinicians involved in designing and developing novel therapeutics for the back of the eye diseases. This book is also relevant for students in various disciplines including ophthalmology, pharmaceutical sciences, drug delivery, and biomedical engineering. "

Endoscopic orbital procedures are at the forefront of today's multidisciplinary patient care and team approach to problem-solving. Endoscopic Surgery of the Orbit offers state-of-the-art, expert guidance on minimally invasive orbit techniques that promise a more streamlined approach to comprehensive patient care, improved patient satisfaction, and superior outcomes. This unique resource reflects the contemporary, unparalleled partnership between otolaryngology, neurosurgery, and ophthalmology that often also includes a cohesive team of clinicians from many other specialties. Provides expert perspectives from thought leaders in various specialties, including otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons, endocrinologists, medical and radiation oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists. Details the two-surgeon, multi-handed surgical techniques that have revolutionized the management of complex pathologies involving the orbit and skull base. Covers the full breadth of endoscopic orbital procedures-from advanced intraconal tumor removal and intracranial techniques involving the optic nerve and optic chiasm to more routine endoscopic procedures such as orbital decompressions, E-DCR, fracture repair, and subperiosteal abscess drainage. Reviews key topics such as neuromonitoring in orbital and skull base surgery, endoscopic surgery of the intraconal space for tumor resection, Transorbital NeuroEnodscopic Surgery (TONES), and reconstruction of the orbit. Includes tips and pearls on safe and effective procedures as well as novel approaches and innovations in the equipment used to perform these popular procedures. Provides superb visual reinforcement with more than 400 high-definition images of anatomy, imaging, and surgical techniques, as well as procedural videos. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.