Spatial vision is a subject in which philosophy, psychology, ophthalmology, neurophysiology and pathology meet. It is the unique contribution of this book that gives a survey of the whole subject, in historical perspective. The author, a former professor of ophthalmology at the University of Amsterdam, is an authority in the field of binocular vision (Diplopia, 1973) and colour vision (History of Color, 1999). Seeing Space is written for ophthalmologists, optometrists, orthoptists and other practitioners of visual science, but also for psychologists and anybody interested in the philosophy and science of perception. The book contains three parts: Part I contains chapters on objective and subjective space and on non-visual space perception. Part II begins with a short survey of the visual system. As eye movements are of crucial importance in the perception of space, the evolution of the eye and the eye movements is described. There are chapters on the perception of direction, stereoscopic depth and movement. A sensorimotor theory of space perception is elaborated. Part III is dedicated to the perception of objects. There are chapters on the perception of contours, surfaces, dimensionality and size (including the "moon illusion"). Finally the problem of the relation between mind and matter is raised, but not solved.

This accessible, jargon-free guide to uveitis for non-specialists explains in practical, easy-to-understand language how to diagnose and manage inflammatory eye disease. Describing in simple terms how to differentiate between the various inflammatory eye diseases, which investigations to choose, how to interpret the results and how best to manage immunosuppression in these patients, this book makes this fascinating subject accessible to the non-uveitis specialist for the first time.

Emergency ophthalmology is an area full of pitfalls for the unwary primary care practitioner. Vitreoretinal disorders make up the majority of emergency sight-threatening conditions, and a wide and increasingly varied range of conditions of the eye present in primary care settings. Correct diagnosis at initial presentation, and appropriate and speedy referral, are extremely important. This book is therefore an essential reference for the primary care physician, who is often the first to see these patients and is in a position of responsibility for decision-making.

Digital fundus images can effectively diagnose glaucoma and diabetes retinopathy, while infrared imaging can show changes in the vascular tissues. Likening the eye to the conventional camera, Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology explores the application of advanced image processing in ocular imaging. This book considers how images can be used to effectively diagnose ophthalmologic problems. It introduces multi-modality image processing algorithms as a means for analyzing subtle changes in the eye. It details eye imaging, textural imaging, and modeling, and highlights specific imaging and modeling techniques. The book covers the detection of diabetes retinopathy, glaucoma, anterior segment eye abnormalities, instruments on detection of glaucoma, and development of human eye models using computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer principles to predict inner temperatures of the eye from its surface temperature. It presents an ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) system for anterior chamber angle imaging and proposes an automated anterior segment eye disease classification system that can be used for early disease diagnosis and treatment management. It focuses on the segmentation of the blood vessels in high-resolution retinal images and describes the integration of the image processing methodologies in a web-based framework aimed at retinal analysis. The authors introduce the A-Levelset algorithm, explore the ARGALI system to calculate the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), and describe the Singapore Eye Vessel Assessment (SIVA) system, a holistic tool which brings together various technologies from image processing and artificial intelligence to construct vascular models from retinal images. The text furnishes the working principles of mechanical and optical instruments for the diagnosis and healthcare administration of glaucoma, reviews state-of-the-art CDR calculation detail, and discusses the existing methods and databases. Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology includes the latest research development in the field of eye modeling and the multi-modality image processing techniques in ocular imaging. It addresses the differences, performance measures, advantages and disadvantages of various approaches, and provides extensive reviews on related fields.

This book explains the concepts behind neurovision rehabilitation and how to go about examining and treating the patient's visual deficits. It is a guideline and manual for the optometric treatment of patients with traumatic brain injury.

This book provides an overview of clinical ophthalmology using the logical, stepwise format of mind maps. It is an excellent rapid-revision tool, suitable for medical students, ophthalmology trainees, orthoptists, optometrists, general practitioners and other health professionals.

Discusses the Effect of Automated Assessment Programs on Health Care Provision Diabetes is approaching pandemic numbers, and as an associated complication, diabetic retinopathy is also on the rise. Much about the computer-based diagnosis of this intricate illness has been discovered and proven effective in research labs. But, unfortunately, many of these advances have subsequently failed during transition from the lab to the clinic. So what is the best way to diagnose and treat retinopathy? Automated Image Detection of Retinal Pathology discusses the epidemiology of the disease, proper screening protocols, algorithm development, image processing, and feature analysis applied to the retina. Conveys the Need for Widely Implemented Risk-Reduction Programs Offering an array of informative examples, this book analyzes the use of automated computer techniques, such as pattern recognition, in analyzing retinal images and detecting diabetic retinopathy and its progression as well as other retinal-based diseases. It also addresses the benefits and challenges of automated health care in the field of ophthalmology. The book then details the increasing practice of telemedicine screening and other advanced applications including arteriolar-venous ratio, which has been shown to be an early indicator of cardiovascular, diabetes, and cerebrovascular risk. Although tremendous advances have been made in this complex field, there are still many questions that remain unanswered. This book is a valuable resource for researchers looking to take retinal pathology to that next level of discovery as well as for clinicians and primary health care professionals that aim to utilize automated diagnostics as part of their health care program.

Beginning with chapters summarizing the basics of diabetic retinopathy, this updated volume outlines the need for screening, how to screen safely and correctly, and the normal condition of the retina without diabetic retinopathy, all using excellent line and halftone illustrations. The core focus then moves on to examining each different form of retinopathy, all supported by outstanding color retinal photographs illustrating the appearance of the retina at various stages of retinopathy, plus an analysis on the best treatment for each stage. The book ends with chapters providing self-assessment questions of the type that screeners will encounter when gaining their now mandatory retinal screening qualifications, as well as a background information chapter offering advice on related UK, European, and US organizations. A website contains all the full-color retinopathy images from the book, with the option to download these into presentations.

Originally published in 1925, this book embodies the results of research on red-green colour-blind subjects, supplemented by brief accounts of blue-yellow, total, and acquired colour-blindness to complete the description of the different forms of the defect. After a historical survey of previous work by such men as Dalton, Helmholtz, Rayleigh, Edridge-Green and others, the author deals with the most important theories of colour-blindness, and with a description of the tests and a discussion of their results.

This book represents a brilliant primer and the tools and skills it equips the clinician with are designed to help them navigate the uncertainties of medical practice today. It is essential for those who wish to practice medicine in the best possible way for their patients.

Significant advancements in nutrition's impact on the eye have occurred faster than any volume can document... until now. This book gives the background and rationale regarding the physiological damage caused by biological oxidants as well as the rationale for the protective roles for nutrient-antioxidants and how they affect the risk for cataracts.
This volume also contains information on how to quantitatively assess age-related diseases of the eye including cataracts and age-related maculopathy. Smoking and light exposure as factors for age-related eye diseases as well as the utility of potential anticataract pharmaceuticals is discussed.

Ophthalmic Imaging serves as a reference for the practicing ophthalmic imager. Ophthalmic imaging combines photography and diagnostic imaging to provide insight into not only the health of the eye, but also the health of the human body as a whole. Ophthalmic photographers are specialists in imaging through and in the human eye, one of the only parts of the body where the circulation and nervous system is visible non-invasively. With technical perspective as context, this book will provide instructional techniques as well as the background needed for problem solving in this exciting field. The book covers all aspects of contemporary ophthalmic imaging and provides image support to ophthalmologists and sub-specialties including retinal specialists, corneal specialists, neuro-ophthalmologists, and ocular oncologists. This text serves as a reference for the practicing ophthalmic imager, or to imagers just getting started in the field.

Ophthalmic Imaging serves as a reference for the practicing ophthalmic imager. Ophthalmic imaging combines photography and diagnostic imaging to provide insight into not only the health of the eye, but also the health of the human body as a whole. Ophthalmic photographers are specialists in imaging through and in the human eye, one of the only parts of the body where the circulation and nervous system is visible non-invasively. With technical perspective as context, this book will provide instructional techniques as well as the background needed for problem solving in this exciting field. The book covers all aspects of contemporary ophthalmic imaging and provides image support to ophthalmologists and sub-specialties including retinal specialists, corneal specialists, neuro-ophthalmologists, and ocular oncologists. This text serves as a reference for the practicing ophthalmic imager, or to imagers just getting started in the field.

Written for parent and professionals working with children and young people with visual impairment, this work examines the causes of eye conditions and additional disabilities; how these can restrict access to the mainstream curriculum; and ways in which the effects can be ameliorated. Central to the text is entitlement. National Curriculum areas are discussed, and attention is given to both the hidden curriculum and specialist curriculum and extra curricula activities, and to the competencies required by staff working with these children and young people.

This is a self-assessment book for candidates for postgraduate examina tions in ophthalmology. It covers all of the sciences fundamental to o phthalmology: anatomy (60 multiple choice questions), physiology (93 m ultiple choice questions), pharmacology (36), pathology (33), and micr obiology (42). Questions are grouped according to specialty area, foll owed by True/False Answers that are all supported with concise explana tions. The book can therefore be used for learning as well as practice . The book's most innovative feature is the set of 21 constructed essa y plans, covering the major topics of concern in this field. It is not oriously difficult to provide model answers to essay questions, but he re the authors have developed a new, highly visual approach with the c onsistent use of icons, to provide an at-a-glance understanding.

The optic nerve and the brain comprise the main anatomic components of neuro-ophthalmology. Although there are numerous handbooks and major texts describing all the common disorders of neuro-ophthalmology, Optic Nerve Disorders is the only practical reference book focusing only on common optic nerve disorders. The author discusses diagnosis, pathophysiology, management, and prognosis of complex optic nerve disorders. Optic Nerve Disorders is organized by optic nerve diagnoses commonly encountered in a neuro-ophthalmologic practice. It is written in a clear, concise style for quick, easy reference in the clinic.

Each chapter is formatted in a similar manner and thoroughly discusses epidemiology, diagnosis (by clinical signs and symptoms and by electrophysiologic, ocular and neuroimaging techniques), pathophysiology, management (by both conventional treatments and experimental/newer medications under consideration) and prognosis.

Updated information on diagnostics techniques, such as OCT, mfVEP, mfERG, VEP, ERG, the Heidleberg Tomograph and Gdx Nerve Fiber Analyzer, for imaging of the optic nerve will be incorporated into each of the chapters. Updated genetic testing for hereditary optic neuropathies will also be covered. Diagnosis of neuro-ophthalmologic disorders with newer neuroimaging techniques, such as PET, SPECT, and diffusion-weighted imaging, will be explained. New data from clinical studies, such as beta-interferons for optic neuritis, will be presented for the management of each disorder.

Optic Nerve Disorders also provides an update on the latest clinical techniques in diagnosing specific optic nerve disorders and gives the most recent theories on pathophysiology. Current management recommendations for each disorder are also outlined. Neurologists and ophthalmologists will find this book useful when they need a practical reference for incorporating optic nerve evaluation in their clinical practice.

Different animals have different visual systems and so presumably have different ways of seeing. How does the way in which we see depend on the optical, neural and motor components of our visual systems? Originally published in 1993, the mathematical tools needed to answer this question are introduced in this book. Elementary linear algebra is used to describe the transformations of the stimulus that occur in the formation of the optical, neural and motor images in the human visual system. The distinctive feature of the approach is that transformations are specified with enough rigour for readers to be able to set up their own models and generate predictions from them. Underlying the approach of this book is the goal of providing a self-contained source for the derivation of the basic equations of vision science. An introductory section on vector and matrix algebra covers the mathematical techniques which are applied to both sensory and motor aspects of the visual system, and the intervening steps in the mathematical arguments are given in full, in order to make the derivation of the equations easier to follow. A subsidiary goal of this book is to demonstrate the utility of current desktop computer packages which make the application of mathematics very easy. All the numerical results were produced using only a spreadsheet or mathematics package, and example calculations are included in the text.

The concept of visual search embraces a wide range of processing activities, from human cognitive phenomana to applied problems for both human and machine vision in industrial, medical and military environments. This book, the second to be derived from the series of internationl conferences on visual search organized under the auspices of the Applied Vision Association, brings together research from a variety of disciplines, enabling the reader to share experiences at the cutting edge, accessing knowledge which might otherwise be locked away in specialist journals or grey literature.

Dermal and Ocular Toxicology: Fundamentals and Methods is a procedurally-oriented volume of detailed methods and practical examples discussing the dermal and ocular aspects of toxicology. The book is divided into a dermal section and an ocular section. Each section begins with a chapter on the anatomy and physiology of each organ system and then progresses to more specialized chapters discussing such topics as the toxicological pathology of each system, state-of-the-art in vitro and in vivo evaluatory procedures, statistical considerations for test design and data interpretation, and the utilization of test findings. Test methods are provided for acute dermal exposure effects, dermal hypersensitivity and photoallergy assessment, dermal and ocular 0.pharmacokinetics, skin flap and skin grafting techniques, and in vitro alternative methods. This book can be used as an instructional text or as a sourcebook for practicing toxicologists, pharmacologists, industrial hygienists, occupational health professionals, and graduate students.

This richly illustrated book is intended as a gold standard for the refractive surgeon. It complements the authors’ successful previous book, Management of Complications in Refractive Surgery, by providing detailed practical information on the management of specific cases. Worldwide leaders in the field document a wide range of challenging cases drawn from their own clinical practice. These cases relate to the planning of refractive laser treatment; intra operative complications when using LASIK (Microkeratome and Femtosecond) and various surface treatments, including PRK, PTK and EpiLASIK; early and late postoperative complications with these treatments and a range of other complications that may arise during or after refractive surgery. This book will be an indispensable aid for the refractive surgeon and will assist in decision making when the surgeon is confronted by a difficult case.

This book is an essential revision aid for those revising for the short answer paper of the Part 1 MRCOphth examination in the United Kingdom and similar examinations elsewhere. It covers many of the frequently asked questions and presents answers in a format that can be reproduced under examination conditions. It covers the basic sciences, and is also a useful reference to refresh the knowledge of experienced ophthalmologists and allied health professionals.

Written to help trainee ophthalmologists and now the recognized text on optics for the examinations of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists and the Royal Surgical Colleges, this textbook approaches the subject from first principles and assumes no previous knowledge of optics. The book has been kept as simple as possible and is liberally complemented with diagrams which are designed to be easily understood and memorised. Only the most fundamental and clinically useful mathematical formulae are quoted, and the optical principles are applied to clinical situations.

Ophthalmology examinations have changed substantially since the last edition was written and a total rewrite of this essential guide has become necessary. The third edition has been made more comprehensive and detailed to keep up with these changes and incorporates three new chapters - on refractive surgery, contact lenses and lasers. Other new material includes photometry, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, colour vision, absorptive lenses, fluorescence, ultrasound, and the specular microscope.

This book contains all oral presentations, posters, and workshop transactions of the 28th Meeting of the European Strabismological Association that took place in Bergen, Norway. The highlight of the meeting is the ESA-lecture what can eye muscle studies tell us about strabismus by Prof. Gunnar Lennerstrand from Stockholm. All 60 oral presentations of the following sessions are described: screening, amblyopia, eye movements, vision, refraction, nystagmus, stereopsis, exotropia, vergence problems, refractive surgery, cataract and strabismus, strabismus surgery, botulinum toxin, EMG, oblique muscles, paralytic strabismus, thyroid, duane syndrome and varia.

This book provides comprehensive information on current medications for glaucoma. From anatomy and physiology of glaucoma related ocular structure to the current mechanism theories and evaluation techniques of glaucoma, our understanding of glaucoma has been considerably improved in the last three decades. A large number of medications have been developed for the treatment of glaucoma, whose pharmacological information and data on efficacy and safety will be introduced in detail in this book. Practical guidelines for different type of glaucoma and specific patients, and pharmaceutical agents combined usage are concise and credible. The other chapters on patient managements and updates on glaucoma guidelines add useful and practical information to the book. New experimental and clinical investigations are promising and may develop new therapeutic targets for treatment of glaucoma in future. The primary target audience for this book is practicing ophthalmologists and ophthalmologists in training. Other healthcare professionals who need information about medical treatment for glaucoma may also find this book valuable. We will provide both evidence-based information and clinical experience on antiglaucoma medications, and guide the clinician on how to use them for the patient's maximal benefit.

Edited by and featuring contributions from world-class researchers, Ophthalmological Imaging and Applications offers a unified work of the latest human eye imaging and modeling techniques that have been proposed and applied to the diagnosis of ophthalmologic problems, including inflammation, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. With a focus on theory, basic principles, and results derived from research, the book: Explores various morphological, textural, higher-order spectral, and wavelet transformation techniques used to extract salient features from images of the human eye Examines 2D and 3D finite element and boundary element models of the human eye developed to simulate thermal steady-state conditions Addresses the difficult task of benchmarking the validity of human eye imaging techniques and computer-simulated results with experimental measurements Intended to be a companion to Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology, this volume covers several aspects of multimodal ophthalmological imaging and applications, presenting information in an accessible manner to appeal to a wide audience of students, researchers, and practitioners. Ophthalmological Imaging and Applications considers promising simulations that pave the way for new possibilities in computational methods for eye health care.