Newspapers and journalism began in the Middle East in the nineteenth century and evolved during a period of accelerated change which shaped their unique political, social and cultural role. Drawing on a wealth of sources, this study for the first time explores the press as a Middle Eastern institution. It focuses on the circumstances that influences the growth of the Arab press, its own impact on local historical developments, and the long-term effects that early patterns of its emergence have had on later evolution.

This study of journalism training analyzes training programs in 70 countries and lists 600 training institutions around the world. This first worldwide survey of communication training since 1958 was sponsored by UNESCO. In analyzing different programs, the study examines such areas as the type of institution in which training is given, the kinds of courses offered, entrance requirements, the number of students, qualifications of educators, diplomas or degrees awarded and the placement of graduates. It also explores different press concepts as they relate to training and identifies the specific needs arising from each system. In particular, it notes the massive changes that have taken place in Eastern and Central Europe and speculates what kind of system will emerge in that region.

After analyzing the programs in the seven regions of the world, the study identifies the principal challenges facing communication training in both the developing world and the industrialized nations. It concludes that, while differences are likely to remain for a long time to come, there is at least the possibility that journalism and journalism training will become more homogeneous in the future. This volume, both a scholarly work and a directory, will become the standard reference on communication training.

Journalism Today: A Themed History provides a cultural approach to journalism's history through the exploration of overarching concepts, as opposed to a typical chronological overview. Rich with illuminating stories and biographies of key figures, it sheds new light on the relationship between the press and society and how each has shaped the other. * Thematic study of the history of journalism, examining the role of journalism in democracy, the influence of new technology, the challenge of balancing ethical values, and the role of the audience * Charts the influence of the historical press for today s news in print, broadcast, and new media * Situates journalism in a rich cultural context with lively examples and case studies that bring the subject alive for contemporary readers * Provides a comparative analysis of American, British, and international journalism * Helpful feature boxes on important figures and case studies enhance student understanding of the development of journalism and news as we know it today, providing a convenient springboard for follow-up work.

During World War II, women correspondents wanted to be a part of the dramatic and exhilarating scene of wartime conflict as much as their male colleagues. They reported from the war scene because that was where the big story was. This study is an important part of the growing literature which deals with women in journalism. The women who were interviewed were asked about their experiences, including conditions under which they reported, the types of stories they wrote, and their accomplishments as journalists. Those studied were largely newspaper or wire service reporters who were at the front. A few others who wrote for magazines are included because of particularly interesting experiences or personalities. The obstacles that women correspondents faced are recounted here. For example, they found it difficult to get passports from the State Department and accreditation from the War Department. They faced antagonism from certain generals and sometimes bias and fear of competition from their male colleagues. On the other hand, many women discuss the help and support they received from men at the front. Women War Correspondents of World War II is an in-depth analysis of the life of the woman correspondent. The problems of censorship, a war fought on different fronts, and the dangers of then-modern warfare are recounted. Many women entered the field through newspaper jobs vacated by men who left for the front; they then worked their way into becoming war correspondents. For the most part they did not expect preferential treatment and avoided exceptional notice. According to their own accounts, they encountered problems unique to their sex, but were adept at handling the problems and were professional in their work.

Although journalism has always been an important vehicle of collective memory, it has been neglected in discussions about how memory works. This fascinating book aims to correct that disjuncture, by tracking the ways in which journalism and shared memory mutually support, undermine, repair and challenge each other. How is journalism's address to memory different from that of other institutions? What would the study of memory look like without journalism? And how would our understanding of journalism fall short without paying attention to memory? Bringing together leading scholars in journalism and memory studies, this collection makes explicit the longstanding and complicated role that journalism has played in keeping the past alive. From anniversary issues and media retrospectives to simple verbal and visual analogies connecting past and present, journalism incorporates an address to earlier times across the wide array of its conventions and practices. How it does so and which triumphs and problems ensue in our understanding of collective memory constitute the charter of this volume.

From the quality of the air we breathe to the national leaders we choose, data and statistics are a pervasive feature of daily life and daily news. But how do news, numbers and public opinion interact with each other - and with what impacts on society at large? Featuring an international roster of established and emerging scholars, this book is the first comprehensive collection of research into the little understood processes underpinning the uses/misuses of statistical information in journalism and their socio-psychological and political effects. Moving beyond the hype around "data journalism," News, Numbers and Public Opinion delves into a range of more latent, fundamental questions such as: * Is it true that most citizens and journalists do not have the necessary skills and resources to critically process and assess numbers? * How do/should journalists make sense of the increasingly data-driven world? * What strategies, formats and frames do journalists use to gather and represent different types of statistical data in their stories? * What are the socio-psychological and political effects of such data gathering and representation routines, formats and frames on the way people acquire knowledge and form attitudes? * What skills and resources do journalists and publics need to deal effectively with the influx of numbers into in daily work and life - and how can newsrooms and journalism schools meet that need? The book is a must-read for not only journalists, journalism and media scholars, statisticians and data scientists but also anybody interested in the interplay between journalism, statistics and society.

Reporter is an account of John McBeth's 50-year journey through Asia, more than half of that time as a correspondent for the Far Eastern Economic Review, the venerable magazine long regarded as the region's English-language Bible on political and economic affairs. While necessarily a memoir, the book is more a reflection of the lives of a small group of foreign journalists who came to Asia on a wing and a prayer - and in McBeth's case by ship - and stayed on as fascinated witnesses to a region going through turbulent times and historic change. Part-history, part-analysis, part story-telling and, in a smaller way, part-commentary on the salad days of print journalism and its steady decline under the onslaught of television and the Internet, Reporter introduces us to a diverse cast of journalists, diplomats, officials, politicians and generals McBeth meets and befriends along the way. New in paperback to make 50 years reporting in Asia, the original book has been complemented with a new introduction and a new chapter "The Defining Years" which bring McBeth's story up to date.

Tracing the battles between the repressors and proponents of free speech, this chronology overviews press and speech freedoms in the United States from 1619 through 1995. Beginning with the American Colonies, the volume covers the religious refugees and political dissidents who settled the Colonies and the press that heated up the struggle to rid America of the Crown. Although freedom of speech and the press became constitutional rights 15 years after the Declaration of Independence, these rights fared poorly until after World War II. This book traces the struggles, the press, and the contending views from 1760 to 1960 and the 35 years of commitment to freedom from 1960 to 1995. Arranged by year, the entries in the chronology include the views and comments of persons in favor of or opposed to freedom of speech, events that affected press freedoms, and technological changes that have had an impact.

Seib explores the many ways in which news coverage shapes the design and implementation of foreign policy. By influencing the political attitudes of opinion-shaping elites and the public at large, the news media can profoundly affect the conduct of foreign policy. Seib's text analyzes important examples of press influence on foreign affairs: the news media's definition of success and failure, as in reporting the 1968 Tet Offensive in Vietnam; how public impatience, fueled by news reports, can pressure presidents, as happened during the Iran hostage crisis of 1979-81; how presidents can anticipate and control news media coverage, as was done by the Bush administration during the 1991 Gulf War; how press revelation or suppression of secret information affects policy, as in the cases of the Bay of Pigs, the Cuban missile crisis, and various intelligence operations; how coverage of humanitarian crises affects public opinion; the challenges of live TV coverage; and the changing influence of news in the post-Cold War world. By covering a wide range of issues and examples, this important text will stimulate thoughtful appraisal of the relationships between the news media and those who make policy. It will be of interest to students and scholars in journalism, political communication, and international relations.

This study traces the colorful history of the American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE) as an alliance of primarily midwestern editors in the 1920s to a slightly more diverse 1,000-member organization cautiously poised to enter the 21st century. Using minutes, correspondence, interviews, official proceedings, and other in-house documents, Pratte shows how the loosely knit organization, serving as an independent bridge between the more liberal ranks of the reporters and the more conservative publishers, has been absorbed into the corporate culture. The history, presented in both chronological and topical form, discusses the leadership and lack of leadership concerning such issues as ethics, freedom of the press, world press freedom, newspaper economics, journalism education, diversity, and minority affairs. As the first critical history of the professional, elite organization of editors to be written by an independent outside source, this work suggests ASNE has provided ordinary leadership for extraordinary times.

This one-volume sourcebook draws together the scholarly literature assessing news coverage in the U.S. mainstream media of Americans of African, Native, Asian, Hispanic, or Pacific Islander origin. The work covers over 60 years, beginning in 1934, and examines the 50 states and the territories in the Pacific and the Caribbean that are currently under U.S. governance. The categories of racial and cultural groups follow the scheme of the 1990 U.S. Census, which provided the most detailed breakdown of race and ethnicity of the American population in the 200-year history of the census. This sourcebook gives parallel treatment to each of these five census groups. Every chapter begins with a history of that group as it came under U.S. jurisdiction. Then, each chapter is divided into six periods suggested by pivotal news events and discusses studies of news coverage of that group during that period. Each chapter also contains extensive endnotes and a selected bibliography on a racial or cultural group. Also included are chapters on investigative reporting and federal regulation of broadcasting as they relate to minorities.

The most comprehensive bibliography available on historical sources for popular women's magazines, this work fills a niche among existing annotated bibliographies on journalism history. Compiler Mary Ellen Zuckerman focuses on a wide range of topics, providing primary as well as secondary sources from 1792 to 1960. Descriptive and analytical annotations are supplied for each entry. Drawing from 12 years of research on the subject, Zuckerman orients the reader with an introduction to the history of women's magazines in the United States and a historiographical review of sources in the field. Business, advertising, market research, content analysis, editors and writers, and images of women in the media are among the topics covered in the entries. The volume also features special sections on specific women's journals, exhaustive subject and author indexes, and descriptions of manuscript collections. This work is an important resource for professionals, students, and scholars in media, women's history, advertising, and business.

When News was New investigates how news has re-invented itself at different historical moments--from medieval storytellers to 19th century telegraph news agencies to 21st century bloggers.* Tracks the evolution of news through history* Explores the regular reconstruction of news, the salability of news, and whether objectivity matters* Provides an innovative approach to the history of news; clear, succinct writing; and effective use of photographs, maps, and tables which have strong appeal to the student reader* Offers a new way of understanding news in our history and culture

The figure of the newspaper columnist, which emerged in America in the mid-nineteenth century, plays a key role in modern newspapers. Columnists nowadays add a decidedly personal touch to the newspapers in which they appear--an important consideration in an increasingly impersonal, corporate, no-nonsense medium. This volume provides the most complete look available at the emergence of the columnist and at who the leading columnists have been from the Civil War era to the present. In total, 780 columnists and their work are examined chronologically--according to when their columns first appeared--within several categories: early (1800s), humor, column poets, syndicated political, other syndicated, local, and minority.

Television news made meteoric progress in the 1950s. It rose from being a plaything for the rich to a major factor in informing the American public, and an aggressive rival to newspapers, radio, and news magazines. This volume is an insider's account of the arduous and frequently critical steps undertaken by inexperienced staffs in the development of television news, documentaries, and sports broadcasts. The author, the first president of CBS News, provides a treasure trove of facts and anecdotes about plotting in the corridors, the ascendancy of stars, and the retirement into oblivion of the less favored. This volume is an important contribution to the history of television journalism and will appeal both to journalism and broadcasting scholars and to those interested in the meteoric rise of television.

For twenty-five years, Charlotte Curtis was a society/women's reporter and editor and an op-ed editor at the New York Times. As the first woman section editor at the Times, Curtis was a pioneering journalist and one of the first nationwide to change the nature and content of the women's pages from fluffy wedding announcements and recipes to the more newsy, issue-oriented stories that characterize them today. In this riveting biography, Marilyn Greenwald describes how a woman reporter from Columbus, Ohio, broke into the ranks of the male-dominated upper echelon at the New York Times. It documents what she did to succeed and what she had to sacrifice. Charlotte Curtis paved the way for the journalists who followed her. A Woman of the Times offers a chronicle of her hard-won journey as she invents her own brand of feminism during the 1960s and 1970s. In the telling of this remarkable woman's life is the story, as well, of a critical era in the nation's social history.

Jewish journalism history is a growing field of active research, as evidenced by the growing number of new serials devoted to it. Given the geographic extent of the Jewish diaspora, the Jewish press offers valuable primary source materials for any historical study of the Jewish people. The social and intellectual history of the Jews in modern times can similarly be advanced by an examination of the Jewish press of the world. This volume, the first supplement to "Jewish Serials of the World: A Research Bibliography," continues and extends the bibliographic coverage to include 3,000 new entries. The new volume's classified arrangement, enhanced by author and subject indexes, provide up-to-date coverage of all pertinent research, including theses and dissertations, on Jewish press and journalism history throughout the world in all languages. This new bibliography is indispensable for libraries supporting academic programs in Jewish Studies and journalism, as well as area studies.

Singerman's coverage of the studies and research about the Jewish press is broadly defined, his scope is worldwide, and all pertinent languages are treated. The 3,000 entries are verified and bibliographically complete, and special efforts have been made to analyze hidden sections on the Jewish press buried within larger more expansive studies of related topics. The entries are organized into regional subcategories. Together with the foundation volume, over 6,000 entries are provided, making this an important addition to any libraries with Jewish Studies or journalism collections.

A fine scholarly collection that evokes the pre-WW I era when some 1,300 foreign-language newspapers served America's immigrant millions. It consists of essays by qualified scholars on the newspapers of 27 immigrant groups, ranging from the important German and Jewish presses to comparatively obscure ones such as Arabic, Danish, Portuguese, and Ukranian. . . . T]his volume offers valuable references and suggestive interpretive insights to students of American jouralism, immigration, urbanization, and ethnic studies. "Choice"

Mississippi is a unique case study as a result of its long-standing defiance of federal civil rights legislation and the fact that nearly half its population was black and relegated to second-class citizenship. According to the vast majority of Mississippi daily press editorials examined between 1948 and 1968, the notion that blacks and whites were equal as races of people was a concept that remained unacceptable and inconceivable. While the daily press certainly did not advocate desegregation, in contrast to what many media critics have reported about the Southern press promoting violence to suppress civil rights activity, Mississippi daily newspapers never encouraged or condoned violence during the time periods under evaluation. Weill places coverage of these important events within a historical context, shedding new light on media opinion in the state most resistant to the precepts of the civil rights movement. This is the first comprehensive examination of civil rights coverage and white supremacist rhetoric in the Mississippi daily press during five key events: the 1948 Dixiecrat protest of the national Democratic platform; the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision to desegregate public schools in 1954; the court-ordered desegregation of Ole Miss in 1962; Freedom Summer in 1964; and the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., in 1968. From nearly 5,000 issues of Mississippi daily newspapers, more than 1,000 editorials and 7,000 news articles are documented in this volume.

After the rise of the penny press in the 1830s, journalism became a target, a counterpoint, and even a model for many American writers. The first book of its kind, "Literature and Journalism in Antebellum America "explores the sibling rivalry that emerged as Poe, Thoreau, Stowe, and their contemporaries responded to newspapers, defended their own versions of the truth, and crafted "news of their own" in "Walden," "Uncle Tom's Cabin," and other works. This historical study provides fresh insights into the antebellum era while informing the current debate over stories and truths in the age of blogs, internet news, and reality television.

Little has been published about press organizations, and even less about women's press organizations. This book is the first to document the history of women's press organizations. In addition to rich historical accounts of some of these organizations, it also provides a picture of many of the women journalists involved in these press organizations, many of whom were leaders, both in journalism and in the social movements of their time.

This book is a description and analysis of forty women's press organizations that have been key to the development of women writers of the press since the first established organization in 1881. Each entry describes the challenges faced by women that brought about the establishment of the organization at that particular time and place, some of the women who played key roles in the group's leadership, the group' s major activities and programs and its contributions to women of the press. The main purpose of these organizations was to provide women with a place where they could discuss professional issues and career strategies at a time when they were largely excluded from or marginalized by male-dominated media institutions. However, many also reflected the interests of some of the social and political reform movements associated with the women's movements of the 19th and 20th centuries, including the woman suffrage, peace, and ERA movements. Although some of the organizations described here no longer exist, new ones have taken on the challenge, in a profession where women still do not have equity.

This volume explores the ways in which the complicated revolution in British newspapers, the New Journalism, influenced Irish politics, culture, and newspaper practices. The essays here further illuminate the central role of the press in the evolution of Irish nationalism and modernism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

This reference book profiles corporate magazines, those sponsored by and produced for a single business firm. Some of these periodicals are internal, aimed at the company's own employees and retirees. Others are mainly external and are directed at a broader audience of stockholders, customers, and readers outside the corporation's immediate family. Still others have a dual role, and target both internal and external audiences. Some of these magazines are quite old--the oldest profiled here dates from 1865. Some have enormous circulations, the largest having reached nearly 12 million bimonthly, though they rarely produce circulation revenue. This is the first book to fully consider this genre of magazine publishing. Journalism and communication scholars examine a representative sample of 52 of these magazines in individual descriptive essays, each with appended publishing history and information sources. Bibliographic information is necessarily limited. Entries are arranged alphabetically and each entry appears in additional appendixes which classify the profiled magazine by founding date and geographic location. An end-of-volume appendix provides brief data on 232 additional magazines.

Despite the fact that the public's trust in the news media is at historic lows, and despite the fact that hardly a month goes by without another report of unethical behavior by news professionals, journalism professionals and teachers remain dedicated to ethical issues--perhaps more so now than at any other time in history. News companies are developing rigorous codes of conduct; journalists and editors are vigorously reporting on ethical lapses by their peers, and many journalism schools are creating standalone courses in journalism ethics and hiring faculty members who are devoted to ethics research and instruction. This book, which is written primarily for the working (or soon-to-be-working) journalist, serves as an introduction to the underpinnings of journalism ethics, and as a guide for journalists and journalism teachers who are looking for ways to make ethical choices beyond "going with your gut." Moral Reasoning for Journalists serves the four primary constituencies of journalism ethics: working professionals, journalism students, teachers of journalism, and citizens who are concerned about the morality of the professional news media. Using more than two-dozen actual cases from around the world to examine and apply those principles of ethical journalism, Knowlton and Reader also suggest an easy-to-follow, commonsense approach to making ethical decisions in the newsroom as deadlines loom.