What basic ethical principles should guide American journalists to help them justify their invasion of an individual's privacy, to be objective in their reporting, to avoid being influenced by government or economic controls? A wire service and newsroom veteran and a sociologist and scholar in mass media/communications have designed a philosophical guide for students, scholars, and practitioners to use as a kind of moral compass. Key excerpts from some of the most important writings on the subject from Milton to Louis Brandeis, from Plato to Sissela Bok, and from Adam Smith to John Merrill deal with some of the most serious contemporary issues in journalism today. This short text also includes the "Society of Professional Journalists' Code of EthicS" and a full index.

This scholarly work deals specifically with the important changes in popular journalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A pioneering study in the history of journalism, it is the first volume to focus on the history of the New Journalism in Britain, which is central in the overall history of the modern press. Written by leading scholars representing a variety of disciplines, the fourteen essays provide a careful historical analysis of the transformation that took place in journalism, and the innovations that occurred, such as the greater use of illustrations and photographs, headlines and crossheads, and increased coverage of human interest subjects. The authors take different positions on aspects of the New Journalism, and the book offers a wealth of new information based on original research, as well as lively, interpretive commentary on the nature of change in modern journalism and its relationship to popular culture. The in-depth examination of major subject areas, such as The Beginnings of the New Journalism, The Flowering of the New Journalism, and Subjects and Audiences, dispels the simplistic view of the New Journalism as occurring within a short period of time by showing that the changes took place slowly and had many ramifications. The annotated bibliography includes studies of individual newspapers and biographies of some of the leading journalists.

A unique theory of trust building in engagement journalism that proposes journalists move to an ethic of care as they prioritize listening and learning within communities instead of propping up problematic institutions. In How Journalists Engage, Sue Robinson explores how journalists of different identities, especially racial, enact trusting relationships with their audiences. Drawing from case studies, community-work, interviews, and focus groups, she documents a growing built environment around trust building and engagement journalism that represents the first major paradigm shift of the press's core values in more than a century. As Robinson shows, journalists are being trained to take on new roles and skillsets around listening and learning, in addition to normative routines related to being a watchdog and storyteller. She demonstrates how this movement mobilizes the nurturing of personal, organizational, and institutional relationships that people have with information, sources, news brands, journalists, and each other. Developing a new theory of trust building, Robinson calls for journalists to grapple actively with their own identities-especially the privileges, biases, and marginalization attached to them-and those of their communities, resulting in a more intentional and effective moral voice focused on justice and equity through the news practice of an ethic of care.

Until telegraph lines spanned the continent in the 1860s, the post office and the press worked together as the most important mechanism for distributing news and public information. Public policy linked these complementary communication agencies; the post office provided free and low-cost news-gathering services for the press as well as subsidized delivery of publications to readers. News in the Mail charts the relationship between the press and post office from colonial times through the Civil War. The book explains why the federal government underwrote the circulation of printed matter and how the postal policies governing public information reflected the cultural tensions of the early and mid-nineteenth century. News in the Mail not only looks at the government's role in disseminating news and promoting communication, but also examines the structure and implications of the early U.S. communication system. This book is a valuable source for those interested in journalism, communications history, the history of federal policies and operations, postal history, and nineteenth-century American social history.

Plant Here the Standard tells the story of the world's oldest evening newspaper, the (London) Evening Standard. Commencing in the time of Oliver Cromwell, it traces the history of the Baldwin Family, fearless Protestant publishers, whose successors launched The Standard in 1827. Later owners of the paper were to include: C.Arthur Pearson, founder of the Daily Express; Lord Beaverbrook; and, now, Lord Rothermere. And throughout there are tales of the paper's scoops, its famous journalists and cartoonists, and its political involvements.

One of the most influential men in nineteenth-century America, Horace Greeley is remembered not only as the editor and publisher of the New York Tribune but also for his contribution to the profession of journalism, for his role in the nomination and election of presidential candidates; for his work toward a homestead law, and for the impact his voice had on the abolition of slavery. This bio-bibliography provides a useful guide to the literature on Greeley. Beginning with a brief chronology of Greeley's life and a biographical sketch, the book then provides annotated entries, arranged chronologically and divided into two major sections: works by Greeley and works about Greeley. The first section on Greeley's own work includes chapters on his books and other published materials, other sources of Greeley writings, newspaper and printing establishments associated with him, and articles in periodicals. The second section includes chapters on biographical works and memorials to Greeley, other books useful to the study of Greeley, reference works and other edited materials, articles in periodicals, theses, manuscript collections with Greeley material, and government documents. The book also includes author and subject indexes. A useful guide for scholars, the volume will also be of interest to anyone wanting to learn more about Greeley.

Call it a miracle, fate, pure luck, or just another day in the city where nothing is usual, but in 1991 Jimmy Breslin narrowly escaped death - which inspired him to write this book about his life. Two years ago, Breslin was having trouble getting his left eyelid to open and close. This was too peculiar to ignore, so Breslin decided to pay a rare visit to his doctor. As it turned out, the eyelid was a matter of nerves. But extensive testing revealed something unrelated and life-threatening: he had an aneurysm in his brain - a thin, ballooned artery wall that could burst and kill him at any moment unless he opted for a risky surgical procedure. Breslin agreed to the surgery and at age sixty-five, grateful for this miracle (what else could you call it?), began taking stock of his remarkable life.

Ambrose Bierce was born in 1842 and mysteriously disappeared in 1914. During his lifetime, he was a controversial and prolific writer, and there is growing interest in his works. As a Union soldier during the Civil War, he witnessed bloodshed and the atrocities of battle. After the war, he began a career as a journalist in San Francisco, where many of his newspaper columns were filled with venom and daring. In addition, he wrote war stories and tales of the supernatural, along with an assortment of poems. Today, he is probably best remembered as the author of "The Devil's Dictionary, " originally published as "The Cynic's Dictionary" in 1906. This reference is a guide to his life and writings.

An opening essay overviews Bierce's contribution to literature and journalism, and a chronology summarizes the most important events in his life. The bulk of the Companion comprises alphabetically arranged entries on Bierce's major works and characters and on historical persons and writers who figured prominently in his life and career. Thus the volume provides coverage of Bierce's contemporaries, many of whom he satirized in his scathing newspaper columns. Many of the entries list works for further reading, and the book closes with a selected, general bibliography. Because of Bierce's concern with so many issues of his day, the volume offers a valuable perspective on American culture during the time in which he lived.

Beginning with an exposition of the four most widely argued theories of the press, this book goes on to explore several critical perspectives on the tasks and roles of print and broadcast news media in the United States. The author sets out critical analyses of several hotly debated issues, including news balance and objectivity, freedom of the press, and news coverage of minorities. After an appraisal of the present condition of journalism education in the United States, the author provides both complete and annotated professional guidelines and mission statements from key advertising, broadcasting, and print media organizations.

News Networks in Early Modern Europe attempts to redraw the history of European news communication in the 16th and 17th centuries. News is defined partly by movement and circulation, yet histories of news have been written overwhelmingly within national contexts. This volume of essays explores the notion that early modern European news, in all its manifestations - manuscript, print, and oral - is fundamentally transnational. These 37 essays investigate the language, infrastructure, and circulation of news across Europe. They range from the 15th to the 18th centuries, and from the Ottoman Empire to the Americas, focussing on the mechanisms of transmission, the organisation of networks, the spread of forms and modes of news communication, and the effects of their translation into new locales and languages.

"Recommended on all levels, particularly for those libraries with southern collections and journalism holdings." Choice

The book examines the system used to produce professional communicators in the United States, compares the system to that of other countries, and examines the impact of the system on the field of mass communications. In addition, it explores the personnel practices of media organizations and shows the interface between those practices and the educational programs that produce the journalism and mass communication students.

This book is an exploration of the extent to which young people in the UK are disaffected with traditional politics, and particularly the role played by televisual representations of the political process. The authors look at how television represents young people themselves, and at how young people use new forms of media to inform themselves politically --

A behind-the-scenes look at the struggles between visual journalists and officials over what the public sees—and therefore much of what the public knows—of the criminal justice system. In the contexts of crime, social justice, and the law, nothing in visual media is as it seems. In today's mediated social world, visual communication has shifted to a democratic sphere that has significantly changed the way we understand and use images as evidence. In Seeing Justice, Mary Angela Bock examines the way criminal justice in the US is presented in visual media by focusing on the grounded practices of visual journalists in relationship with law enforcement. Drawing upon extended interviews, participant observation, contemporary court cases, and critical discourse analysis, Bock provides a detailed examination of the way digitization is altering the relationships between media, consumers, and the criminal justice system. From tabloid coverage of the last public hanging in the US to Karen-shaming videos, from mug shots to perp walks, she focuses on the practical struggles between journalists, police, and court officials to control the way images influence their resulting narratives. Revealing the way powerful interests shape what the public sees, Seeing Justice offers a model for understanding how images are used in news narrative.

This study challenges the conventional polarities used to describe British politics of the 1790s: Pitt versus Fox, Burke versus Paine, Church versus Dissent, ruling class versus working class, Jacobin versus anti-Jacobin. Such polarities were sedulously promoted by Pitt's wartime government, which applied "Jacobin" shamelessly to all its critics and opponents, and thus foreshadowed the McCarthyite tactic of guilt by association. The author seeks to make the less strident but more persuasive contemporary voices again audible. He takes seriously those who who deplored Britain's alliance with the partitioners of Poland.

Focusing on two of the most fraught and intractable public debates of the present time: human-induced climate change and the human rights of refugees, asylum seekers, immigrants and the stateless, this book raises critical questions about the role and relationship of public relations in weakening democratic political systems. It shows a clear, but often indirect, link between PR and a neoliberal agenda that has been vastly underestimated and oversimplified as "spin." This comes at a great cost for society. Public Relations and Neoliberalism provides a panoramic view of public relations from the post-war period, when a powerful communication template propelled by the PR industry served the neoliberal agenda to create political diversion, division, and hegemony at the same time. But today, public relations is not just a tool of industry or government. Rather, it has become the default mode and style of being and relating in the world, that seeps into and affects all areas of life: professional, corporate, domestic, political, activist, and technological. And the metastasis of neoliberal meaning into so many realms has important ramifications for society and individuals. Looking at the confluences and contradictions within the logic of public relations both as a practice and in terms of how it has been theorized and understood, this book provides an important contribution to critical work in the communicative field.

The content of news has not changed much over the last century-politicians, celebrities, wars, crime, and sports dominate past and present headlines. Yet, the ways in which journalists both gather and disseminate information have been turned on their head. Gone are the days of editors assigning stories to writers, who then research, inquire, and present what they found in a compelling yet accurate fashion. Today's journalists are coding, programming, running analytics, and developing apps. These "news nerds" are industry professionals working in jobs at the intersection of traditional journalism and technologically intensive positions that were once largely separate. Consequently, news nerds have changed the institutionalized view of journalism, which now accounts for these professionals. News Nerds explores how technological, economic, and societal changes are impacting the institutionalized profession of journalism. Allie Kosterich draws on a mixed-methods research design that blends interviews, social network analysis of LinkedIn data, job postings, and industry publications to make sense of how skills and practices become entrenched throughout the news industry. Taken together, these data reveal the ways in which the profession is evolving to incorporate new technological skillsets and new routines of production. In telling these stories and sharing these findings, Kosterich directly confronts what happens when new skillsets and new ways of understanding and producing news start to collide with the old routines of journalism. News Nerds introduces the notion of institutional augmentation-a process of institutional change that is not restricted to the expected binary outcome of the reinstitutionalization of something new or failure as a fleeting fad. Instead, as in the case of news nerds and journalism, there exists an alternative possibility in the coexistence of supplementary institutions. News Nerds provides a timely and relevant analysis of contemporary journalism and a model for understanding how industries react to the emergence of new career trajectories and new categories of employment.

A well-researched, qualitative analysis of how the US mass media covered typhoid fever, diptheria, and syphilis from 1870 to 1920. Ziporyn, a free-lance writer and former American Association for the Advancement of Science mass media fellow, finds consistently high press coverage of typhoid fever contrasted with media disinterest in diptheria and cautious reporting about syphilis. The press's approaches differed, she explains, because the news media responded to dissimilar social values about typhoid fever, diptheria, and syphilis at the turn of the century. Ziporyn's observations are aided by a thorough, well-footnoted analysis of publications across 14 categories. Choice This study explores the depiction of medical science to the American public through the medium of popular magazines in the period 1870 to 1920. To understand the impact of medical advances as conveyed by the popular press, Ziporyn examines articles on diphtheria, typhoid fever, and syphilis in major popular magazines of the time. In search of the common underlying premises, she analyzes the very different depictions of these three diseases: diptheria was associated with children, typhoid fever with uncleanliness, and syphilis with immorality. Although generally conservative in announcing advances, medical popularizers nevertheless presented theory as absolute certainty. Perhaps in anticipation of reader desires, popular articles portrayed medical science as completely devoid of uncertainty of error.

This work examines the operation of the First Amendment, especially where it concerns freedom of the press, during the nineteenth century. It examines contemporary nineteenth century views on press freedom, placing them in the context of the issues that prompted and shaped them. Primary sources--pamphlets, speeches, sermons, letters, diaries, newspapers, and official documents--were used to highlight free press issues. It confirms that First Amendment rights were controversial issues for many nineteenth century Americans. The Course of Tolerance examines previously ignored issues such as the Postal Bill of 1836 and press freedom during the Reconstruction period in the South, making this the most comprehensive volume on its subject to date. Other topics included are libel, the War of 1812, abolitionism, the Civil War, and the Spanish-American War. Through treatment of these issues, the reader is introduced to a broad variety of the nineteenth century's writings, many of which have not been analyzed thoroughly in this century. Following the main body of the book is a selected bibliography and index. This volume will be of great interest to students of communications law, journalism history, and First Amendment theory and philosophy.

This book looks at how media coverage reinforces gender stereotyping and influence the public evaluations of women leaders' candidacies and performance. Through the analysis of several examples and experiences illustrating specific issues, like the double bind; the trivialization effect and personal politics, readers will be introduced to the controversial yet familiar question of why there are so few women in power and why the glass ceiling seems still so difficult to break.The book also analyzes the consequences of recent developments in political communication for female leadership. Processes such as the popularization and the personalization of politics as well as the advent of the new media are changing the nature and the scope of leadership in contemporary democracies. The book discusses some of the implications of such a complex framework in terms of possible changes in the style of female political leadership.

"Analysts," "political scientists," "scholars," and "consultants,"--The News Shapers describes the elite club of individuals that the media approach for "inside information," background, or predictions concerning the outcome of still-unfolding stories. Although they are presented as detached experts, Lawrence C. Soley uncovers their long histories of partisanship as former government officials or politicians, and charges that most of the shapers have no better credentials than the millions of people to whom the news media never turn. Soley's findings, based on a University of Minnesota study which examined three major networks' evening newscasts during 1987-1988, reveal that a small number of white, politically conservative men associated with Washington-based think tanks, former Republican administrations, and private, East Coast universities virtually monopolize political discourse in the mass media. Dispelling the myth of the media's liberal bias, Soley discusses the shortcomings of both print and broadcast journalism which lead to selection of partisan news analysts, and the effects of their commentaries on foreign and domestic affairs. Special attention is given to Henry Kissinger, Washington "Think Tanks," and the media's handling of the conflict with Iraq. The News Shapers identifies the "experts," their past political affiliations, and their often thin academic credentials. It is highly recommended for scholars in communications, journalism, and political science, as well as for newspaper readers and television news viewers.

Why do people read newspapers? How is community possible in an urban setting? Answers to both these questions have been attempted in the theorizing of urban sociologist and in journalist accounts of the role of local newspapers. Newspapers are said to foster a "sense of community." The existence of local community ties, on the other hand, is said to foster newspaper circulation and readership. By focusing on the community/communication relationship, this book raises questions and analyzes the nature of these relationships and how they work.

This highly original and lively study represents the first analysis of the dynamics of British press reporting of India and the attempts made by the British Government to manipulate press coverage as part of a strategy of imperial control. The press was an important forum for debate over India's future and was used by groups within the political elite to advance their agendas. Yet it also provided the wider British public with the information and images from which they formed their perceptions of the subcontinent. The repercussions of press reporting were therefore considerable, being felt not only in Britain, but also within India and the wider world. For this reason British imperial administrators felt the need to integrate press management with their approach to government. Kaul focuses on a period of critical transition in the history of the Raj, a period which witnessed the impact of the First World War, major constitutional reform initiatives, the tragedy of the Amritsar massacre, and the launching of Gandhi's mass movement. The war was also a watershed in official media manipulation, the Government's previously informal and ad hoc attempts to shape press reporting were placed on a more formal basis and explicitly incorporated into official strategy. This book will be essential reading for students of the British Empire, Indian history and the British press. It also offers important insights for students of media and communications studies and the history of political communication - and indeed anyone concerned with understanding the ever-deepening relationship between politics and the mass media today.