The main subject of the monograph is the fractional calculus in the discrete version. The volume is divided into three main parts. Part one contains a theoretical introduction to the classical and fractional-order discrete calculus where the fundamental role is played by the backward difference and sum. In the second part, selected applications of the discrete fractional calculus in the discrete system control theory are presented. In the discrete system identification, analysis and synthesis, one can consider integer or fractional models based on the fractional-order difference equations. The third part of the book is devoted to digital image processing.

This book presents a unified treatise of the theory of measure and integration. In the setting of a general measure space, every concept is defined precisely and every theorem is presented with a clear and complete proof with all the relevant details. Counter-examples are provided to show that certain conditions in the hypothesis of a theorem cannot be simply dropped. The dependence of a theorem on earlier theorems is explicitly indicated in the proof, not only to facilitate reading but also to delineate the structure of the theory. The precision and clarity of presentation make the book an ideal textbook for a graduate course in real analysis while the wealth of topics treated also make the book a valuable reference work for mathematicians.The book is also very helpful to graduate students in statistics and electrical engineering, two disciplines that apply measure theory.

Based on the authors' combined 35 years of experience in teaching, A Basic Course in Real Analysis introduces students to the aspects of real analysis in a friendly way. The authors offer insights into the way a typical mathematician works observing patterns, conducting experiments by means of looking at or creating examples, trying to understand the underlying principles, and coming up with guesses or conjectures and then proving them rigorously based on his or her explorations. With more than 100 pictures, the book creates interest in real analysis by encouraging students to think geometrically. Each difficult proof is prefaced by a strategy and explanation of how the strategy is translated into rigorous and precise proofs. The authors then explain the mystery and role of inequalities in analysis to train students to arrive at estimates that will be useful for proofs. They highlight the role of the least upper bound property of real numbers, which underlies all crucial results in real analysis. In addition, the book demonstrates analysis as a qualitative as well as quantitative study of functions, exposing students to arguments that fall under hard analysis. Although there are many books available on this subject, students often find it difficult to learn the essence of analysis on their own or after going through a course on real analysis. Written in a conversational tone, this book explains the hows and whys of real analysis and provides guidance that makes readers think at every stage.

This book presents a unified treatise of the theory of measure and integration. In the setting of a general measure space, every concept is defined precisely and every theorem is presented with a clear and complete proof with all the relevant details. Counter-examples are provided to show that certain conditions in the hypothesis of a theorem cannot be simply dropped. The dependence of a theorem on earlier theorems is explicitly indicated in the proof, not only to facilitate reading but also to delineate the structure of the theory. The precision and clarity of presentation make the book an ideal textbook for a graduate course in real analysis while the wealth of topics treated also make the book a valuable reference work for mathematicians.The book is also very helpful to graduate students in statistics and electrical engineering, two disciplines that apply measure theory.

The Henstock-Kurzweil integral, which is also known as the generalized Riemann integral, arose from a slight modification of the classical Riemann integral more than 50 years ago. This relatively new integral is known to be equivalent to the classical Perron integral; in particular, it includes the powerful Lebesgue integral. This book presents an introduction of the multiple Henstock-Kurzweil integral. Along with the classical results, this book contains some recent developments connected with measures, multiple integration by parts, and multiple Fourier series. The book can be understood with a prerequisite of advanced calculus.

Analysis of Variance, Design, and Regression: Linear Modeling for Unbalanced Data, Second Edition presents linear structures for modeling data with an emphasis on how to incorporate specific ideas (hypotheses) about the structure of the data into a linear model for the data. The book carefully analyzes small data sets by using tools that are easily scaled to big data. The tools also apply to small relevant data sets that are extracted from big data. New to the Second Edition Reorganized to focus on unbalanced data Reworked balanced analyses using methods for unbalanced data Introductions to nonparametric and lasso regression Introductions to general additive and generalized additive models Examination of homologous factors Unbalanced split plot analyses Extensions to generalized linear models R, Minitab (R), and SAS code on the author's website The text can be used in a variety of courses, including a yearlong graduate course on regression and ANOVA or a data analysis course for upper-division statistics students and graduate students from other fields. It places a strong emphasis on interpreting the range of computer output encountered when dealing with unbalanced data.

This book deals with the number-theoretic properties of almost all real numbers. It brings together many different types of result never covered within the same volume before, thus showing interactions and common ideas between different branches of the subject. It provides an indispensable compendium of basic results, important theorems and open problems. Starting from the classical results of Borel, Khintchine and Weyl, normal numbers, Diophantine approximation and uniform distribution are all discussed. Questions are generalized to higher dimensions and various non-periodic problems are also considered (for example restricting approximation to fractions with prime numerator and denominator). Finally, the dimensions of some of the exceptional sets of measure zero are considered.

Improper Riemann Integrals is the first book to collect classical and modern material on the subject for undergraduate students. The book gives students the prerequisites and tools to understand the convergence, principal value, and evaluation of the improper/generalized Riemann integral. It also illustrates applications to science and engineering problems. The book contains the necessary background, theorems, and tools, along with two lists of the most important integrals and sums computed in the text. Numerous examples at various levels of difficulty illustrate the concepts and theorems. The book uses powerful tools of real and complex analysis not only to compute the examples and solve the problems but also to justify that the computation methods are legitimate. Enriched with many examples, applications, and problems, this book helps students acquire a deeper understanding of the subject, preparing them for further study. It shows how to solve the integrals without exclusively relying on tables and computer packages.

With the success of its previous editions, "Principles of Real Analysis, Third Edition," continues to introduce students to the fundamentals of the theory of measure and functional analysis. In this thorough update, the authors have included a new chapter on Hilbert spaces as well as integrating over 150 new exercises throughout. The new edition covers the basic theory of integration in a clear, well-organized manner, using an imaginative and highly practical synthesis of the "Daniell Method" and the measure theoretic approach. Students will be challenged by the more than 600 exercises contained in the book. Topics are illustrated by many varied examples, and they provide clear connections between real analysis and functional analysis.

* Gives a unique presentation of integration theory
* Over 150 new exercises integrated throughout the text
* Presents a new chapter on Hilbert Spaces
* Provides a rigorous introduction to measure theory
* Illustrated with new and varied examples in each chapter
* Introduces topological ideas in a friendly manner
* Offers a clear connection between real analysis and functional analysis
* Includes brief biographies of mathematicians

This book is designed for a first course in real analysis following the standard course in elementary calculus. Since many students encounter rigorous mathematical theory for the first time in this course, the authors have included such elementary topics as the axioms of algebra and their immediate consequences as well as proofs of the basic theorems on limits. The pace is deliberate, and the proofs are detailed. The emphasis of the presentation is on theory, but the book also contains a full treatment (with many illustrative examples and exercises) of the standard topics in infinite series, Fourier series, multidimensional calculus, elements of metric spaces, and vector field theory. There are many exercises that enable the student to learn the techniques of proofs and the standard tools of analysis. In this second edition, improvements have been made in the exposition, and many of the proofs have been simplified. Additionally, this new edition includes an assortment of new exercises and provides answers for the odd-numbered problems.

Advanced Mathematics for Engineering Students: The Essential Toolbox provides a concise treatment for applied mathematics. Derived from two semester advanced mathematics courses at the author's university, the book delivers the mathematical foundation needed in an engineering program of study. Other treatments typically provide a thorough but somewhat complicated presentation where students do not appreciate the application. This book focuses on the development of tools to solve most types of mathematical problems that arise in engineering - a "toolbox" for the engineer. It provides an important foundation but goes one step further and demonstrates the practical use of new technology for applied analysis with commercial software packages (e.g., algebraic, numerical and statistical).

Now considered a classic text on the topic, Measure and Integral: An Introduction to Real Analysis provides an introduction to real analysis by first developing the theory of measure and integration in the simple setting of Euclidean space, and then presenting a more general treatment based on abstract notions characterized by axioms and with less geometric content. Published nearly forty years after the first edition, this long-awaited Second Edition also: Studies the Fourier transform of functions in the spaces L1, L2, and Lp, 1 < p < 2 Shows the Hilbert transform to be a bounded operator on L2, as an application of the L2 theory of the Fourier transform in the one-dimensional case Covers fractional integration and some topics related to mean oscillation properties of functions, such as the classes of Hoelder continuous functions and the space of functions of bounded mean oscillation Derives a subrepresentation formula, which in higher dimensions plays a role roughly similar to the one played by the fundamental theorem of calculus in one dimension Extends the subrepresentation formula derived for smooth functions to functions with a weak gradient Applies the norm estimates derived for fractional integral operators to obtain local and global first-order Poincare-Sobolev inequalities, including endpoint cases Proves the existence of a tangent plane to the graph of a Lipschitz function of several variables Includes many new exercises not present in the first edition This widely used and highly respected text for upper-division undergraduate and first-year graduate students of mathematics, statistics, probability, or engineering is revised for a new generation of students and instructors. The book also serves as a handy reference for professional mathematicians.

This self-contained monograph presents extensions of the Moser Bangert approach that include solutions of a family of nonlinear elliptic PDEs on "Rn" and an Allen Cahn PDE model of phase transitions. After recalling the relevant Moser Bangert results, "Extensions of Moser Bangert Theory" pursues the rich structure of the set of solutions of a simpler model case, expanding upon the studies of Moser and Bangert to include solutions that merely have local minimality properties.

The work is intended for mathematicians who specialize in partial differential equations and may also be used as a text for a graduate topics course in PDEs.

Gives a complete and rigorous presentation of the mathematical study of the expressions - hemivariational inequalities - arising in problems that involve nonconvex, nonsmooth energy functions. A theory of the existence of solutions for inequality problems involving monconvexity and nonsmoothness is established.

This work offers detailed coverage of every important aspect of symmetric structures in function of a single real variable, providing a historical perspective, proofs and useful methods for addressing problems. It provides assistance for real analysis problems involving symmetric derivatives, symmetric continuity and local symmetric structure of sets or functions.

Victor Isakov This volume contains various results on partial di?erential equations where Sobolev spaces are used. Their selection is motivated by the research int- ests of the editor and the geographicallinks to the places where S. L. Sobolev worked and lived: St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Novosibirsk. Most of the papers are written by leading experts in control theory and inverse pr- lems. Another reason for the selection is a strong link to applied areas. In my opinion, control theory and inverse problems are main areas of di?er- tial equations of importance for some branches of contemporary science and engineering. S. L. Sobolev, as many great mathematicians, was very much motivated by applications. He did not distinguished between pure and - plied mathematics, but, in his own words, between "good mathematics and bad mathematics. " While he possessed a brilliant analytical technique, he most valued innovative ideas, solutions of deep conceptual problems, and not mathematical decorations, perfecting exposition, and "generalizations. " S. L. Sobolev himself never published papers on inverse problems or c- trol theory, but he was very much aware of the state of art and he monitored research on inverse problems. In particular, in his lecture at a Conference on Di?erentialEquationsin1954(found inSobolev'sarchiveandmadeavailable to me by Alexander Bukhgeim), he outlined main inverse problems in g- physics: theinverseseismicproblem, theelectromagneticprospecting, andthe inverse problem of gravimetry.

Sobolev spaces become the established and universal language of partial differential equations and mathematical analysis. Among a huge variety of problems where Sobolev spaces are used, the following important topics are the focus of this volume: boundary value problems in domains with singularities, higher order partial differential equations, local polynomial approximations, inequalities in Sobolev-Lorentz spaces, function spaces in cellular domains, the spectrum of a Schrodinger operator with negative potential and other spectral problems, criteria for the complete integration of systems of differential equations with applications to differential geometry, some aspects of differential forms on Riemannian manifolds related to Sobolev inequalities, Brownian motion on a Cartan-Hadamard manifold, etc.

Two short biographical articles on the works of Sobolev in the 1930s and the foundation of Akademgorodok in Siberia, supplied with unique archive photos of S. Sobolev are included.

Renewed interest in vector spaces and linear algebras has spurred the search for large algebraic structures composed of mathematical objects with special properties. Bringing together research that was otherwise scattered throughout the literature, Lineability: The Search for Linearity in Mathematics collects the main results on the conditions for the existence of large algebraic substructures. It investigates lineability issues in a variety of areas, including real and complex analysis. After presenting basic concepts about the existence of linear structures, the book discusses lineability properties of families of functions defined on a subset of the real line as well as the lineability of special families of holomorphic (or analytic) functions defined on some domain of the complex plane. It next focuses on spaces of sequences and spaces of integrable functions before covering the phenomenon of universality from an algebraic point of view. The authors then describe the linear structure of the set of zeros of a polynomial defined on a real or complex Banach space and explore specialized topics, such as the lineability of various families of vectors. The book concludes with an account of general techniques for discovering lineability in its diverse degrees.

Pseudolinear Functions and Optimization is the first book to focus exclusively on pseudolinear functions, a class of generalized convex functions. It discusses the properties, characterizations, and applications of pseudolinear functions in nonlinear optimization problems. The book describes the characterizations of solution sets of various optimization problems. It examines multiobjective pseudolinear, multiobjective fractional pseudolinear, static minmax pseudolinear, and static minmax fractional pseudolinear optimization problems and their results. The authors extend these results to locally Lipschitz functions using Clarke subdifferentials. They also present optimality and duality results for h-pseudolinear and semi-infinite pseudolinear optimization problems. The authors go on to explore the relationships between vector variational inequalities and vector optimization problems involving pseudolinear functions. They present characterizations of solution sets of pseudolinear optimization problems on Riemannian manifolds as well as results on pseudolinearity of quadratic fractional functions. The book also extends n-pseudolinear functions to pseudolinear and n-pseudolinear fuzzy mappings and characterizations of solution sets of pseudolinear fuzzy optimization problems and n-pseudolinear fuzzy optimization problems. The text concludes with some applications of pseudolinear optimization problems to hospital management and economics. This book encompasses nearly all the published literature on the subject along with new results on semi-infinite nonlinear programming problems. It will be useful to readers from mathematical programming, industrial engineering, and operations management.

After completing his famous ""Foundations of Analysis"" (See 'AMS Chelsea Publishing, Volume 79.H' for the English Edition and 'AMS Chelsea Publishing, Volume 141' for the German Edition, ""Grundlagen der Analysis""), Landau turned his attention to this book on calculus. The approach is that of an unrepentant analyst, with an emphasis on functions rather than on geometric or physical applications. The book is another example of Landau's formidable skill as an expositor. It is a masterpiece of rigor and clarity.

This contributed volume showcases research and survey papers devoted to a broad range of topics on functional equations, ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, stochastic differential equations, optimization theory, network games, generalized Nash equilibria, critical point theory, calculus of variations, nonlinear functional analysis, convex analysis, variational inequalities, topology, global differential geometry, curvature flows, perturbation theory, numerical analysis, mathematical finance and a variety of applications in interdisciplinary topics. Chapters in this volume investigate compound superquadratic functions, the Hyers-Ulam Stability of functional equations, edge degenerate pseudo-hyperbolic equations, Kirchhoff wave equation, BMO norms of operators on differential forms, equilibrium points of the perturbed R3BP, complex zeros of solutions to second order differential equations, a higher-order Ginzburg-Landau-type equation, multi-symplectic numerical schemes for differential equations, the Erdos-Renyi network model, strongly m-convex functions, higher order strongly generalized convex functions, factorization and solution of second order differential equations, generalized topologically open sets in relator spaces, graphical mean curvature flow, critical point theory in infinite dimensional spaces using the Leray-Schauder index, non-radial solutions of a supercritical equation in expanding domains, the semi-discrete method for the approximation of the solution of stochastic differential equations, homotopic metric-interval L-contractions in gauge spaces, Rhoades contractions theory, network centrality measures, the Radon transform in three space dimensions via plane integration and applications in positron emission tomography boundary perturbations on medical monitoring and imaging techniques, the KdV-B equation and biomedical applications.

This volume is dedicated to the centenary of the outstanding mathematician of the 20th century, Sergey Sobolev, and, in a sense, to his celebrated work On a theorem of functional analysis, published in 1938, exactly 70 years ago, was where the original Sobolev inequality was proved. This double event is a good occasion to gather experts for presenting the latest results on the study of Sobolev inequalities, which play a fundamental role in analysis, the theory of partial differential equations, mathematical physics, and differential geometry. In particular, the following topics are discussed: Sobolev-type inequalities on manifolds and metric measure spaces, traces, inequalities with weights, unfamiliar settings of Sobolev type inequalities, Sobolev mappings between manifolds and vector spaces, properties of maximal functions in Sobolev spaces, the sharpness of constants in inequalities, etc.

The volume opens with a nice survey reminiscence, "My Love Affair with the Sobolev Inequality," by David R. Adams.

First course calculus texts have traditionally been either engineering/science-oriented with too little rigor, or have thrown students in the deep end with a rigorous analysis text. The How and Why of One Variable Calculus closes this gap in providing a rigorous treatment that takes an original and valuable approach between calculus and analysis. Logically organized and also very clear and user-friendly, it covers 6 main topics; real numbers, sequences, continuity, differentiation, integration, and series. It is primarily concerned with developing an understanding of the tools of calculus. The author presents numerous examples and exercises that illustrate how the techniques of calculus have universal application. The How and Why of One Variable Calculus presents an excellent text for a first course in calculus for students in the mathematical sciences, statistics and analytics, as well as a text for a bridge course between single and multi-variable calculus as well as between single variable calculus and upper level theory courses for math majors.

Real Analysis, 2/e is a carefully worded narrative that presents the ideas of elementary real analysis while keeping the perspective of a student in mind. The order and flow of topics has been preserved, but the sections have been reorganized somewhat so that related ideas are grouped together better. A few additional topics have been added; most notably, functions of bounded variation, convex function, numerical methods of integration, and metric spaces. The biggest change is the number of exercises; there are now more than 1600 exercises in the text.

Poincare-Andronov-Melnikov Analysis for Non-Smooth Systems is devoted to the study of bifurcations of periodic solutions for general n-dimensional discontinuous systems. The authors study these systems under assumptions of transversal intersections with discontinuity-switching boundaries. Furthermore, bifurcations of periodic sliding solutions are studied from sliding periodic solutions of unperturbed discontinuous equations, and bifurcations of forced periodic solutions are also investigated for impact systems from single periodic solutions of unperturbed impact equations. In addition, the book presents studies for weakly coupled discontinuous systems, and also the local asymptotic properties of derived perturbed periodic solutions. The relationship between non-smooth systems and their continuous approximations is investigated as well. Examples of 2-, 3- and 4-dimensional discontinuous ordinary differential equations and impact systems are given to illustrate the theoretical results. The authors use so-called discontinuous Poincare mapping which maps a point to its position after one period of the periodic solution. This approach is rather technical, but it does produce results for general dimensions of spatial variables and parameters as well as the asymptotical results such as stability, instability, and hyperbolicity.