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Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Respiratory medicine
This volume presents the most recent developments in diagnosis and
treatment of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
and those who continue to be refractory to conventional GERD
therapies. The book delineates the role of newly developed
endoscopic therapies in GERD and outlines the best candidates for
surgical fundoplication. Topics as the risks associated with GERD,
lifestyle modification in GERD and the role of H2RA and proton pump
inhibitor therapy in treating reflux disease are also explored.
Written by authorities in the field, Diagnosis and Treatment of
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is a concise yet comprehensive
resource that is useful for primary care providers,
gastroenterologists, pulmonologists, surgeons and ENT specialists.
The fifth edition of this seminal textbook continues to provide
those who are studying or are in practice with comprehensive
evidence-based coverage of all the main aspects of respiratory and
cardiac physiotherapy throughout the whole lifespan - neonates,
infants, children, adolescents and adults - with the patient at
centre and advocating a problem-based approach. For the new
edition, Jennifer Pryor and Ammani Prasad hand the baton of
editorship and their lasting legacy over to Eleanor Main and Linda
Denehy. With a team of over 60 international expert authors, the
new editors have incorporated major changes reflecting current
cardiorespiratory physiotherapy education and practice. These
changes are heralded by a new title - Cardiorespiratory
Physiotherapy: Adults and Paediatrics (formerly Physiotherapy for
Respiratory and Cardiac Problems: Adults and Paediatrics) - and a
significant restructure of the content with a new set of chapters.
A new key chapter on anatomy and physiology of the respiratory
system lays the foundation which is then followed by a chapter on
clinical assessment of adults, infants and children, and acutely
ill or deteriorating patients. Additional new content includes a
chapter on outcome measurement in practice and a large chapter
describing rehabilitation in acute and chronic conditions in
special populations including spinal cord injury, oncology, trauma
and paediatrics. The chapter on therapeutic interventions is
comprehensive and reflective of evidence based practice. Integrates
evidence with clinical practice Case studies used to facilitate
problem solving Boxes throughout highlighting key issues and points
Emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to patient care Bank of
350 images on Evolve Resources. Log on to
https://evolve.elsevier.com/Main/cardiorespiratory and register to
access. Newly appointed editors - Eleanor Main (UK) and Linda
Denehy (Australia) Content restructure and overhaul with
contributions from over 60 world leading experts Chapters on:
Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system Clinical
assessment of the adult, infant/child and the acutely
ill/deteriorating patient Outcome measurement in practice
Therapeutic interventions Managing special populations Over 180 new
figures including additional full-colour photographs
Respiratory motion causes an important uncertainty in radiotherapy
planning of the thorax and upper abdomen. The main objective of
radiation therapy is to eradicate or shrink tumor cells without
damaging the surrounding tissue by delivering a high radiation dose
to the tumor region and a dose as low as possible to healthy organ
tissues. Meeting this demand remains a challenge especially in case
of lung tumors due to breathing-induced tumor and organ motion
where motion amplitudes can measure up to several centimeters.
Therefore, modeling of respiratory motion has become increasingly
important in radiation therapy. With 4D imaging techniques
spatiotemporal image sequences can be acquired to investigate
dynamic processes in the patient's body. Furthermore, image
registration enables the estimation of the breathing-induced motion
and the description of the temporal change in position and shape of
the structures of interest by establishing the correspondence
between images acquired at different phases of the breathing cycle.
In radiation therapy these motion estimations are used to define
accurate treatment margins, e.g. to calculate dose distributions
and to develop prediction models for gated or robotic radiotherapy.
In this book, the increasing role of image registration and motion
estimation algorithms for the interpretation of complex 4D medical
image sequences is illustrated. Different 4D CT image acquisition
techniques and conceptually different motion estimation algorithms
are presented. The clinical relevance is demonstrated by means of
example applications which are related to the radiation therapy of
thoracic and abdominal tumors. The state of the art and
perspectives are shown by an insight into the current field of
research. The book is addressed to biomedical engineers, medical
physicists, researchers and physicians working in the fields of
medical image analysis, radiology and radiation therapy.
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation is an effective technique for
the management of patients with acute or chronic respiratory
failure. This comprehensive and up-to-date book explores all
aspects of the subject. The opening sections are devoted to theory
and equipment, with detailed attention to the use of full-face
masks or helmets, the range of available ventilators, and
patient-ventilator interactions. Clinical applications are then
considered in depth in a series of chapters that address the use of
noninvasive mechanical ventilation in chronic settings and in
critical care, both within and outside of intensive care units. Due
attention is also paid to weaning from conventional mechanical
ventilation, potential complications, intraoperative applications,
and staff training. The closing chapters examine uses of
noninvasive mechanical ventilation in neonatal and pediatric care.
This book, written by internationally recognized experts, will be
an invaluable guide for both clinicians and researchers.
This is the book that provides expert advice on the clinical
aspects of respiratory disorders. The exemplary topics are
obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
angiological sequelae of sarcoidosis, or epidemiology of seasonal
influenza epidemics. The emphasis is placed on the pathogenetic
aspects, and the relevance and translational potential of
experimental studies. The book also presents the latest trends
having to with more accessible and personalized health care for
chronically ill aged persons, stressing the importance of the
mental and emotional sphere in upholding the feeling of life
satisfaction. The entwinement of pathophysiological processes
raises the issue of the development of individualized and targeted
therapeutic management strategies. Clinical practitioners should
liaise with medical researchers on the design and execution of
investigations to enhance translational power of basic science
findings. The book will be of interest to clinicians, researchers,
health care providers, and other medical professionals.
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome in Lung Transplantation presents
the most current and up-to-date evidence regarding the diagnosis
and management of BOS. In-depth chapters provide readers with a
comprehensive understanding of the definition and changing
perceptions of the nature of BOS as a clinical and pathologic
entity, immune and non-immune mechanisms that have been identified
as risk factors for the development of BOS, and interventions that
may prove to be clinically useful for the prevention or treatment
of BOS. In addition to outlining the current state of knowledge,
each chapter provides the reader with the most current and ongoing
research in the field as well as identifies areas where future
research is needed. Written by an international group of expert
authors, Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome in Lung Transplantation
is an important new text, that is essential reading for
pulmonologists, primary care practitioners, respiratory care
practitioners and clinical researchers.
From the 39th annual conference of the International Society on
Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT), held in Washington, DC, USA in
July 2011, this volume covers aspects of oxygen transport from air
to the cells, organs and organisms; instrumentation and methods to
sense oxygen and clinical evidence. Oxygen Transport to Tissue
XXXIV includes contributions from scientists (physicists,
biologists and chemists), engineers, clinicians and mathematicians.
This book comprehensively describes alkaptonuria and ochronosis.
Beginning with the history, genetics, pathophysiology and
diagnostics of the disease, the authors subsequently present a
detailed characterization of its clinical manifestation in the
spine, peripheral joints, eyes, ears, visceral organs and
respiratory tract, its pathological anatomy and histology, as well
as differential diagnosis. This is complemented by the latest data
on therapy and experimental models of alkaptonuria, and supported
by several case reports. Numerous pictures and radiological images
document the clinical symptoms, giving the reader a solid
understanding of the disease. On the basis of the editor's and
authors' own extensive observations, the book offers an analysis of
protein metabolism and aromatic amino acids in the context of
alkaptonuria. Written by international experts in the field, the
book offers a valuable reference guide for healthcare professionals
working in rheumatology, dermatology, pulmonology, otolaryngology
and histopathology.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of
disability and is the fourth leading cause of death throughout the
world. Although cigarette smoking is the major and best studied
causative factor of COPD, there is consistent evidence that a
substantial proportion of COPD cases cannot be explained by
smoking. Other noxious particles and gases, such as workplace
dusts, vapours, fumes or gases, indoor air pollution from burning
biomass fuels during cooking foods and heating spaces, and air
pollution in urban areas are important risk factors of COPD.
According to collected data, 15-20% of COPD cases are likely to be
caused or made worse by work; around 4,000 COPD deaths every year
are related to workplace exposures, and 40% of COPD patients are
below the retirement age. The development of COPD as a consequence
of workplace exposure is a matter of growing interest and
importance. There is no doubt that certain workplace exposures
enhance the risk of COPD and may do so independently of or in
concordance with cigarette smoking. The evidence is most coherent
for work that entails exposure to coal, silica, welding fumes,
cadmium fumes, cotton dust, farming dusts, grain dust and/or wood
dust. The research found consistent associations between workplace
exposures and COPD across a wide range of sectors, describing a
nearly uniform pattern of exposure-response relationships. Based on
the research, affected occupations include miners, construction
workers, road workers, tunnel workers, welders, glass workers,
metal workers, foundry workers, textile workers, farm laborers,
wood workers, chemical workers, and rubber workers; in other words,
a working population including millions and millions workers
worldwide have been affected. It seems that occupational risk for
COPD, although variable, is smaller compared with that of cigarette
smoking. However, it affects a large proportion of the population
and its contribution to the total burden of COPD cannot not be
neglected. In addition, existing evidence indicates that workplace
exposure may influence the course of COPD as factors with
significant impacts on the progression and severity of the disease.
As in the case of the workplace agents being causative factors of
COPD, the mechanisms underlying this effect still are not fully
understood. This monograph contains seven chapters which cover the
most important aspects of this issue. It summarizes results of the
studies performed in this area of research and conclusions based on
them. This monograph also presents the author's view regarding the
influence of workplace exposures on the development and progression
of COPD. In addition, it may be a basis for further research for
better understanding of the association between COPD and workplace
exposures.
In recent years there have been various discoveries connecting
inflammation and lung cancer and clearly there is growing interest
in this area of cancer research. The link between unresolved
inflammation and cancer has been well established with estimates
that 15% of cancer deaths are inflammation-related. Evidence for
this link includes the following: a) some inflammatory diseases are
associated with increased risk of cancer development; b)
inflammatory mediators are present surrounding and within most
tumors; c) overexpression of inflammatory cytokines increases
cancer development and progression in murine studies; d) inhibition
of inflammatory mediators decreases cancer development and
progression; and e) the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs) has been found to decrease cancer incidence and
delay progression. The volume will present aspects of the
inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME), its many roles in tumor
progression and metastasis, including creation of a hypoxic
environment, increased angiogenesis and invasion, changes in
expression of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and an increase in a stem cell
phenotype. The book will also cover the mechanisms of inflammatory
mediators. Chronic overexpression of inflammatory mediators in the
TME, as seen in smokers and patients with non-small cell lung
cancer (NSCLC), can also lead to increased tumor initiation,
progression, invasion and metastasis. The volume will provide a
comprehensive perspective of the latest findings and summaries of
progress made regarding inflammation and its connection to lung
cancer.
This book proposes an introduction to the mathematical modeling of
the respiratory system. A detailed introduction on the
physiological aspects makes it accessible to a large audience
without any prior knowledge on the lung. Different levels of
description are proposed, from the lumped models with a small
number of parameters (Ordinary Differential Equations), up to
infinite dimensional models based on Partial Differential
Equations. Besides these two types of differential equations, two
chapters are dedicated to resistive networks, and to the way they
can be used to investigate the dependence of the resistance of the
lung upon geometrical characteristics. The theoretical analysis of
the various models is provided, together with state-of-the-art
techniques to compute approximate solutions, allowing comparisons
with experimental measurements. The book contains several
exercises, most of which are accessible to advanced undergraduate
students.
This book examines non-invasive, electrical-based methods for
disease diagnosis and assessment of heart function. In particular,
a formalized signal model is proposed since this offers several
advantages over methods that rely on measured data alone. By using
a formalized representation, the parameters of the signal model can
be easily manipulated and/or modified, thus providing mechanisms
that allow researchers to reproduce and control such signals. In
addition, having such a formalized signal model makes it possible
to develop computer tools that can be used for manipulating and
understanding how signal changes result from various heart
conditions, as well as for generating input signals for
experimenting with and evaluating the performance of e.g. signal
extraction methods. The work focuses on bioelectrical information,
particularly electrical bio-impedance (EBI). Once the EBI has been
measured, the corresponding signals have to be modelled for
analysis. This requires a structured approach in order to move from
real measured data to the model of the corresponding signals. This
book proposes a generic framework for this procedure. It can be
used as a guide for modelling impedance cardiography (ICG) and
impedance respirography (IRG) signals, as well as for developing
the corresponding bio-impedance signal simulator (BISS).
This is the story of my double lung transplant taken from notes and
including photos taken by my sister Debbie Sykes, and my loving
wife Connie.
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