Emphasizing the impact of air toxins and contaminants on human health, this Second Edition examines the latest research from the epidemiology to the cellular mechanisms underlying cardiopulmonary responses to air pollution. This guide offers chapters that address the basic biology, techniques, and clinical practices used to monitor and assess acute and chronic pollutant responses; the effects of specific air toxins and contaminants on various populations chronically exposed to these compounds; and the complex issues associated with translating science to public health policy.

Emphasizing state-of-the-art pharmacological and therapeutic approaches in controlling pathophysiological processes in the airways, Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Airway Disease reviews normal and abnormal physiological, biochemical and molecular aspects of the respiratory tract.Covering the basic mechanisms of inflammatory cell activation and pathophysiology in disease, therapeutic ways of controlling inflammation, reversing or preventing airflow obstruction, and symptomatic treatments of advanced disease. Written as a concise clinical reference guide covering the current and future airway disease treatments, this text encompasses: pathophysiology of respiratory tract diseases the methods of measuring airway and clinical responses the concepts upon which many treatments are used in COPD and asthma conditions the way in which these treatments work, and how new treatments can be discovered and tested in various patient groups state-of-the-art pharmacological and therapeutic approaches in controlling pathophysiological processes in the airways normal and abnormal physiological, biochemical and molecular aspects of the respiratory tract basic mechanisms of inflammatory cell activation and pathophysiology in disease therapeutic ways of controlling inflammation ways of reversing or preventing airflow obstruction, and symptomatic treatments of advanced disease

Mechanical ventilators have long been an integral part of the care of patients with acute and chronic respiratory failure, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic has further underscored the need for greater understanding of the basic principles of their use in today’s ICU. Mechanical Ventilation for Respiratory Failure: Demystifying the Box in the Corner of the Room, by Drs. Richard M. Schwartzstein, Jeremy B. Richards, and Elias N. Baedorf-Kassis, is an easy-to-read, accessible text covering must-know information in this essential area—from basic and core principles to advanced topics in the field.  Outlines the core physiological principles critical for understanding the use of mechanical ventilators as life-saving treatment for respiratory failure, and describes how to apply those principles to basic modes of ventilation  Explains how to use mechanical ventilation for common diseases that cause acute respiratory failure  Addresses special topics such as esophageal balloons, advanced modes of ventilation, ventilator asynchrony, and more  An ideal reference for residents on ICU rotations; critical care nurses, practitioners, and fellows; and respiratory therapists    Enrich Your eBook Reading Experience  Read directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone.  Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech. 

Molecular Aspects of Aging: Understanding Lung Aging covers recent research in the mechanisms that contribute to cellular senescence. Covering universal themes in aging, such as the exhaustion of stem cells and subsequent loss of the regenerative refueling of organs as well as immunosenescence, this text illuminates new directions for research not yet explored in the still poorly investigated area of molecular mechanisms of lung aging. The molecular nature of general aging processes is explored with targeted coverage on how to analyze lung aging through experimental approaches.

The medical state of acutely hospitalized neurologic patients is often compromised. This title in Core Principles of Acute Neurology does focus on how certain neurologic conditions can inflict damage to other organ systems and what systemic complications most frequently jeopardize patients with primary neurological disorders. Providing Acute Care carefully summarizes the necessary orders and treatment plan and initial management of expected complications. Each system is discussed in a separate chapter and the crucial initial decisions are presented in an easy to read narrative. This book provides a ready to use template and basic knowledge in patients sick enough to require close attention, but who do not need to be in an intensive care unit.

Respiratory Medicine Lecture Notes covers everything from the basics of anatomy and physiology, through to the aetiology, epidemiology, symptoms and management of a full range of respiratory diseases, providing a comprehensive yet easy-to-read overview of all the essentials of respiratory medicine. Key features of this new, full-colour edition include: Updated and expanded material on chest X-rays and radiology Self-assessment exercises for each chapter A range of clinical images and scans showing the key features of each disease Fully supported by a companion website at www.lecturenoteseries.com/respiratory featuring figures, key points, web links, and interactive self-assessment questions Ideal for learning the basics of the respiratory system, starting a placement, or as a quick-reference revision guide, Respiratory Medicine Lecture Notes is an invaluable resource for medical students, respiratory nurses and junior doctors.

This concise and practical book provides an overview of neuromuscular disorders in clinical practice. Diagnostic approaches are covered along with patient management strategies in an easy-to-understand and introductory framework. Filling a significant gap in the literature, this resource delivers essential information for neurology trainees and practitioners, as well as anyone interested in learning the fundamentals of this important medical subspecialty.

Using illustrative case examples, this book thoroughly reviews similarities and differences between asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the overlap syndrome. It is important to highlight the distinctions because these commonly encountered conditions in respiratory and primary care share many similarities but have important differences often mistaken for each other. This can have serious implications for treatment, particularly as new treatments are targeted at specific phenotypes of the diseases. This practical guide shows how to distinguish between the diseases on a pathological and clinical basis so that appropriate management and treatment may be pursued.

This handbook provides clinical guidance to the practicing physician on the diagnosis and treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD). A contributed work with invited chapters which draw on the knowledge and experience of recognised global leaders in respiratory medicine, it is authoritative, concise and portable and is intended for use in a fast-paced clinical setting. The book: offers practical tips and clear guidance for clinicians provides detailed explanations of the main therapeutic options for each individual ILD contains high-quality visuals, including radiology and histopathology of the most common as well as some of the rarer ILDs discusses individual ILDs and has topics common to all including critical care, lung transplantation and palliative care navigates clinicians through cases with decision making guidelines and algorithms includes appendices with international practice guidelines, sample patient information sheets and other helpful resources. Emphasizing how to perform a thorough assessment of an ILD patient for accurate diagnosis and their subsequent effective management, this is both a gold standard text as well as a daily companion for physicians caring for ILD patients. A first-of-its-kind, it will become the go-to guide for all clinicians who manage patients with ILD.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with heavy snoring is a common disorder, affecting more than 1 out of 10 adults, and is closely associated with hypertension, heart disease, stroke, depression, and cognitive decline. Upper airway stimulation therapy is a novel, highly effective alternative method of treatment, involving a surgically implanted device that uses electrical stimulation of muscles to expand the upper airway, thereby addressing the primary cause of OSA. The first of its kind, Upper Airway Stimulation Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea is a comprehensive review of the medical, surgical, and technical aspects of this innovative treatment for OSA. It delves into the current state of knowledge regarding upper airway stimulation, reviewing pathophysiological basis of sleep apnea and the specific mechanism by which upper airway stimulation provides airway support in this disorder. Evidence-based, this book provides practical guidelines for patient selection, clinical outcomes, surgical technique, long-term follow-up and adverse events, as well as for developing an upper airway stimulation program.

Despite efforts to curb tobacco use, global tobacco addiction remains as strong as ever. Smoking rates are declining very slowly in advanced countries, and they are increasing in the developing world. Yet, researchers still do not fully understand what drives smoking decisions. Life-Course Smoking Behavior presents smoking trajectories of different generations of women and men from ten of the world's most visible countries, with nation-specific representative samples spanning more than eighty years of recent history. To inspire hypotheses on the determinants of smoking behavior, the authors place these data in economic, political, social, and cultural contexts, which differ greatly both across countries at a particular time and over time in a given country. Though significant research has been conducted on smoking statistics and tobacco control policies, most descriptions of smoking behavior rely on cross-sectional "snapshot" data that do not track individuals' habits throughout their lifespan. Lillard and Christopoulou's work is a unique and necessary text in its comparative life-course approach, making it a long overdue complement to the existing literature.

The Neonatal Resuscitation Program (R) (NRP (R)) course conveys an evidence-based approach to care of the newborn at birth and facilitates effective team-based care for healthcare professionals who care for newborns at the time of delivery. NRP utilizes a blended learning approach, which includes online testing and hands-on case-based simulation/debriefing that focus on critical leadership, communication, and team-work skills. The NRP, 8th Edition, introduces a new educational methodology to better meet the needs of health care professionals who manage the newly born baby. New in the 8th edition: Key Points at the beginning of each lesson. Quick response (QR) codes that enable the reader to view short videos about the topic on their mobile device. Lesson Review Questions grouped together at the end of each lesson. Quality Improvement Opportunities and Frequently Asked Questions in each lesson. New sections in Lesson 10 (Special Considerations) about resuscitation of the newborn with a myelomeningocele or an abdominal wall defect. Three Supplemental Lessons (Improving Resuscitation Team Performance, Resuscitation Outside the Delivery Room, and Bringing Quality Improvement to Your Resuscitation Team) that all NRP users to enhance their resuscitation knowledge and performance.

This book comprehensively addresses the use of pulmonary function measurement for the evaluation, screening and timing of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) from hospital to home care. To do so, it describes three clinical stages of NIMV support: before NIV, to detect early markers and determine whether NIV is appropriate; during NIV, to evaluate NIV response; and in long-term NIV support. Additionally, it assesses a range of complementary health care organizations (pulmonary function labs, pneumology wards, semi-intensive care units and home mechanical ventilation programs), techniques (chest physiotherapy/airway secretions, etc.) and applications. In closing, the book offers practical recommendations on how noninvasive ventilation and lung function measurement can improve outcomes and quality of life, making it a valuable resource for all specialists, e.g. intensivists and pneumologists, as well as anesthesiologists and therapists.

Respiratory disease is one of the leading causes of both mortality and morbidity, causing a significant burden on healthcare resources, the economy, and on individual patients and their carers. Respiratory conditions are managed in many different settings, from home and residential care through the full range of primary to tertiary care. The multifaceted nature of both diseases affecting respiration and the care options is comprehensively covered in this second edition of the Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing. Offering a systematic description of the main respiratory diseases found in adults, the Handbook covers the assessment, diagnosis, and nursing management of each condition. With a special focus on the role of the multidisciplinary team in meeting the multiple care needs of respiratory patients, including physical and psychosocial concerns, and both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, the Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing is a unique and invaluable companion for all healthcare professionals working within the specialty. Fully updated to reflect changes in new national and international guidance, with additional topics on biologics, antifibrotic therapy, inspiratory flow, and new NICE and UKIG standards and algorithms, the material has been fully overhauled to reflect current best practice and therapeutic options. Concise, didactic, and augmented with further reading and useful online resources, the second edition of the Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing gives nurses working in the field all the information they need at their fingertips.

In a gripping, accessible narrative, a veteran science journalist lays out the shocking story of how the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic happened and how to make sure this never happens again

Over the last 30 years of epidemics and pandemics, we learned every lesson needed to stop this coronavirus outbreak in its tracks. We heeded almost none of them. The result is a pandemic on a scale never before seen in our lifetimes. In this captivating, authoritative, and eye-opening book, science journalist Debora MacKenzie lays out the full story of how and why it happened: the previous viruses that should have prepared us, the shocking public health failures that paved the way, the failure to contain the outbreak, and most importantly, what we must do to prevent future pandemics.

Debora MacKenzie has been reporting on emerging diseases for more than three decades, and she draws on that experience to explain how COVID-19 went from a potentially manageable outbreak to a global pandemic. Offering a compelling history of the most significant recent outbreaks, including SARS, MERS, H1N1, Zika, and Ebola, she gives a crash course in Epidemiology 101--how viruses spread and how pandemics end--and outlines the lessons we failed to learn from each past crisis. In vivid detail, she takes us through the arrival and spread of COVID-19, making clear the steps that governments knew they could have taken to prevent or at least prepare for this. Looking forward, MacKenzie makes a bold, optimistic argument: this pandemic might finally galvanize the world to take viruses seriously. Fighting this pandemic and preventing the next one will take political action of all kinds, globally, from governments, the scientific community, and individuals--but it is possible.

No one has yet brought together our knowledge of COVID-19 in a comprehensive, informative, and accessible way. But that story can already be told, and Debora MacKenzie's urgent telling is required reading for these times and beyond. It is too early to say where the COVID-19 pandemic will go, but it is past time to talk about what went wrong and how we can do better.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a clinically important driver alteration affecting approximately one-third of lung cancer patients. Treatments for EGFR-exon 19 deletion and exon 21 L858R NSCLC have evolved over the last decade from first-generation reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to third-generation irreversible TKIs, of which osimertinib has been the widely accepted as first-line therapy. Despite survival improvement seen with osimertinib and its efficacy against acquired T790M mutation, resistance through on-target and off-target pathways eventually develop. This Element describes the structural biology and pathophysiology of EGFR-mutant NSCLC and discusses past, current, and future treatment options in the metastatic, neoadjuvant, and adjuvant settings. It describes the biology and recently approved treatment for EGFR-exon 20 insertion mutation and the treatment for the uncommon exon 18 (G719X), 20 (S768I), and 21 (L861Q) mutations. It also outlines the promising clinical applications of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA).

This textbook comprehensively covers mechanical ventilation in neonates and children integrating the latest knowledge and understanding of developmental biology, age-related and disease-specific physiologic differences in the practice of mechanical ventilation. The physiology associated with ventilation and lung mechanics are described. Guidance is provided on how to carry out a range of clinical assessments appropriately, including those for ventilation, mechanics and breathing control. Available pathophysiology-based management strategies for a range of situations including respiratory failure and ventilatory failure are also provided. Mechanical Ventilation in Neonates and Children: A Pathophysiology Based Management Approach broadly covers a range of topics associated with mechanical ventilation in children and neonates. It is a valuable resource for specific seminars or courses that concentrate on respiratory failure in children and for those preparing for board certification examinations for neonatal/perinatal medicine and pediatric critical care medicine.

Fully rewritten and updated for the cutting-edge sixth edition, Spencer's Pathology of the Lung follows in its predecessors' footsteps as the gold-standard textbook of pulmonary diseases. All recognized diseases of the lungs are discussed and illustrated with extensive, high-quality color images. Each chapter includes practical, clear and concise diagnostic features, including immunohistochemistry, molecular tests and differential diagnoses, while rare entities are discussed and illustrated in detail. This thoroughly reworked edition includes new classification schemes and the latest understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular aspects of a wide range of diseases. Non-neoplastic diseases are presented according to epidemiology, genetics, clinical manifestations, radiographic findings, pathology, cytology, laboratory findings, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, prognosis and natural history. Neoplasms are discussed according to cell or origin with sections devoted to genetics, molecular findings and clinicopathologic correlations. Downloadable versions of all images are available on a CD-ROM packaged with the print book. Written and edited by leading experts in the field, this is an essential resource for practising and trainee pathologists.

This volume is dedicated to multidisciplinary research at the interface between basic biomedicine and clinical practice. This book guides best practice in the diagnosis and therapy while dealing with difficult-to-treat disorders of yet unclear etiology. Chapters address such disorders as granulomatosis with polyangiitis causing autoimmune-related multiorgan inflammation of blood vessels, increasingly widespread allergy to peanuts, occupational exposure to zinc oxide, and immunogenic responses to pneumococcal and influenza vaccination underlying their preventive effectiveness. Other hot issues deal with the proper use of fluid therapy in the perioperative period and a cognitive decline in lung transplant patients. A new physiotherapeutic approach of treating key myofascial trigger points in low-back pain appears highly beneficial in reducing patients' disability, advancing physiotherapy of this overwhelming condition. Finally, other chapters consider ways to streamline medical management to increase the number of physicians and their availability for patients, a particularly sensitive issue in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The dissemination of clinical knowledge about high-risk and hardly controllable conditions is an inalienable part of progress in medical practice. The book is a resource for clinical specialists, general practitioners, and allied healthcare professionals.

This book is targeted at ensuring frontline clinical staff including seniors, trainees and specialist nurses can easily reference the optimum investigation and management of potential TB cases. This will mirror the annual London Advanced TB course which aims to equip all of the team delivering care to have a working knowledge of the entire spectrum of the real life aspects of TB management ranging from investigation of active TB to latent screening in pre biologic therapy. It includes an update of MDR TB management and also the approaches needed to ensure the entire medico-social spectrum of TB care is addressed.

Understanding Lung Cancer, Second Edition, defines lung cancer and describes the two main types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Fully up to date with current guidelines, the chart describes how lung cancer is diagnosed and staged and lists risk factors, signs and symptoms, and treatment options. The main lung image shows the left upper lobe and left lower lobe with metastasis to paratracheal lymph nodes, metastasis to carinal lymph nodes, and a close-up, inset image of a tumor projecting into bronchi. The chart also describes how lung cancer can be prevented, includes a graphic showing how to calculate number of "pack years" along with an image of a cigarette in ashtray and the statistic that approximately 90 percent of lung cancer deaths are related to smoking. Featured sections: Risk Factors Signs and Symptoms Risk Factors Diagnosis and Staging Treatment Options How Can Lung Cancer Be Prevented? What's a Pack Year? 20" x 26" heavy paper laminated with grommets at top corners