This first volume of the comprehensive, two-volume work on oxidative stress in lung disease introduces the molecular mechanisms, and the role of oxidants in the progression of different lung diseases. The lungs of humans and animals are under constant threat from oxidants from either endogenous (e.g. in situ metabolic reactions) or exogenous sources (e.g. air pollutants). Further, oxidative stress causes the oxidation of proteins, DNA and lipids, which in turn generates secondary metabolic products. The book consists of sections, each focusing on different aspects of oxidant-mediated lung diseases. As such it is a unique reference resource for postgraduate students, biomedical researchers and also for the clinicians who are interested in studying and understanding oxidant-mediated lung diseases. The second volume will incorporate other aspects of oxidant-mediated lung diseases, including prevention and therapeutics.

This issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine, edited by Dr. Serpil Erzurum and Dr. Sumita Khatri, is devoted to several key areas of interest related to understanding Asthma and its treatments. Topics covered in this issue include: Epidemiology of the Asthma Epidemic in the 21st Century; Classification of Asthma; Genetics and Epigenetics of Asthma; Pro-Inflammatory Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Asthma; Dysfunction of Bronchomotor Tone Pathways in Asthmatic Airway Smooth Muscle; Systematic Approach to Asthma of Varying Severity; Comorbidities and Non-allergic Triggers in Asthma Exacerbations and Severity; Microbiome in Mechanisms of Asthma; Diet and Metabolism in the Evolution of Asthma and Obesity; The Exposome of Asthma; Life Cycle of Childhood Asthma; Asthma over the Adult Lifecourse, considering Gender and Hormonal Influences; Asthma and Corticosteroid Responses in Childhood and Adult Asthma; Immunomodulators and Biologics; Bronchial Thermoplasty; Population Health Models for Asthma; and The Future of Asthma Care: Personalized Asthma Treatment.

Medical Semiology Guide of the Respiratory System provides a comprehensive understanding of medical semiology to facilitate the learning process and stimulate medical thinking in respiratory medicine. Highly illustrated, with many original images from the author's daily medical practice, the book highlights all signs of diseases and important semiological maneuvers. Each chapter incorporates a specific questionnaire with important questions that need to be addressed in different situations to obtain valuable information to help in medical thinking and in the formulation of a diagnosis.

There is extensive literature available on pleural effusions and in recent years there has been significant developments in their diagnostic evaluation. The use of point of care ultrasound, pleural manometry, and medical pleuroscopy has expanded over the last decade. The goal of writing this book was to become a source or reference for clinicians who manage patients with pleural effusions. Pleural space contains minimal amount of fluid and physiological processes keep a constant equilibrium so that it remains as such. Pleural effusions develop as a result of processes that disrupt this fine balance, as in heart failure, infections, and malignancies, which account for majority of the pleural effusions. Besides these three common causes, pleural effusions cause symptoms in many other conditions, some of which are common regardless of the etiology of the pleural effusion, such as, dyspnea and cough. Diagnosing the etiology becomes important as management can vary depending upon the cause. In some situations, involvement of the pleural space portends a poor prognosis, such as in malignancies and treatment focuses on symptom relief. The chapters in thise book span over a wide range of topics involving pleural effusions. Initial chapters focus on clinical presentation, radiology, diagnostic evaluation, and classification of pleural effusions. There is a chapter on malignant pleural effusions, pleural infections and empyema, rheumatological causes of pleural effusions and tubercular and fungal pleural effusions. Pleural manometry is an important tool in the work-up of a trapped lung and an entire chapter is dedicated to this topic. Another chapter focuses on interventional procedures including pleuroscopy. The last two chapters go over cases of pleural effusions which cover many of the topics covered in the book. The book compiles recent literature on pleural effusions with an aim to help clinicians manage patients with pleural effusions effectively.

This book examines non-invasive, electrical-based methods for disease diagnosis and assessment of heart function. In particular, a formalized signal model is proposed since this offers several advantages over methods that rely on measured data alone. By using a formalized representation, the parameters of the signal model can be easily manipulated and/or modified, thus providing mechanisms that allow researchers to reproduce and control such signals. In addition, having such a formalized signal model makes it possible to develop computer tools that can be used for manipulating and understanding how signal changes result from various heart conditions, as well as for generating input signals for experimenting with and evaluating the performance of e.g. signal extraction methods. The work focuses on bioelectrical information, particularly electrical bio-impedance (EBI). Once the EBI has been measured, the corresponding signals have to be modelled for analysis. This requires a structured approach in order to move from real measured data to the model of the corresponding signals. This book proposes a generic framework for this procedure. It can be used as a guide for modelling impedance cardiography (ICG) and impedance respirography (IRG) signals, as well as for developing the corresponding bio-impedance signal simulator (BISS).

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection spread through inhaling tiny droplets from the coughs or sneezes of an infected person. It mainly affects the lungs, but it can affect any part of the body, including the abdomen, glands, bones and nervous system (NHS Choices). Part of the Clinical Focus series, this book is a comprehensive guide to the diagnosis and treatment of this serious condition. Beginning with an introduction to the microbiology and epidemiology of the disease, the following chapters provide in depth coverage of the clinical assessment, diagnostic techniques, and management options for different strains of tuberculosis. Each chapter is highly illustrated with tables and images to enhance the detailed text. Edited by recognised specialists from Belgrade, Serbia, the new volume in this series includes contributions from highly experienced clinicians throughout the world. Key Points Comprehensive guide to diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis Part of the Clinical Focus series Highly illustrated with tables and images Internationally recognised editor and author team

The methods described in the second edition on Legionella are for the study of distinct features of L. pneumophila. Chapters guide readers through ecology and physiology of legionella, legionella genetics, cellular microbiology of legionella, biochemical assays to study legionella effectors and enzymes, immunity and host response against legionella, metagenomics, proteomics, and host microbiomes of legionella. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and cutting-edge, Legionella: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to be useful for scientists studying Legionella, and for a broader research community interested in the ecology, physiology, pathogenesis, immunity, genetics and evolution of other bacterial pathogens.

Get a quick, expert overview of the etiology, diagnosis, and management of pulmonary and extra pulmonary sarcoidosis with this concise, practical resource. Drs. Robert B. Baughman and Dominique Valeyre fully cover the recent advances in various aspects of this disease, including new genetic studies and new diagnostic techniques. It's an ideal resource for pulmonologists and respiratory medicine specialists, as well as primary care physicians and pulmonary/respiratory care nurses. Provides a comprehensive discussion of the various facets of sarcoidosis, including common manifestations of the lung, skin, and eyes, as well as other important aspects such as cardiac and neurologic disease. Covers newer diagnostic techniques for the lungs and elsewhere in the body, each discussed in detail and compared to older diagnostic techniques. Discusses treatment options including anti-inflammatory drugs, and management of other aspects of the disease, such as pulmonary hypertension, fatigue, and small fiber neuropathy. Consolidates today's available information and experience in this important area into one convenient resource.

Interstitial lung diseases are a diverse group of acute and chronic pulmonary disorders characterized by a variable amount of inflammation and/or fibrosis. In Interstitial Lung Disease: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment, the authors explore the role of genetics in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases, as well as develop new diagnostic modalities and identify novel therapeutic targets. This compilation goes on to discuss acute infiltrative lung disease, a heterogeneous group of lung disorders characterized by diffuse parenchymal lung involvement. This group of infiltrative lung diseases may result in five histopathological presentations: diffuse alveolar damage, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, immunoallergic pneumonia, acute organizing pneumonia and acute eosinophilic pneumonia. High-resolution computed tomography is proposed as a more sensitive and accurate method in diagnosing interstitial lung disease through specific patterns which are highly suggestive of a subtype of interstitial pneumonia. High-resolution computed tomography is also proposed for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, a systemic granulomatous disease which involves the lungs in more than 90% of cases. It is one of the leading causes of interstitial involvement in lung diseases, and its diagnosis is based on compatible clinical, biological, imaging and anatomopathological features. The closing chapter aims to identify diagnostic procedures for the early diagnosis of cardio-pulmonary complications, delineate a proper methodology to monitor complications, and define therapeutic guidelines.

Leading researchers are specially invited to provide a complete understanding of a key topic within the multidisciplinary fields of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology. In a form immediately useful to scientists, this periodical aims to filter, highlight and review the latest developments in these rapidly advancing fields.

This book is a compendium of articles providing insights into a range of contemporary ideas concerning the core yet unsettled clinical issues. Important aspects of pulmonary disorders are tackled such as occupational respiratory health hazards, asthma, or the role of vitamin D in obstructive airway diseases. Genotyping offers a clear promise in the diagnostics of chronic pulmonary lesions of autoimmune background. Cardiac and respiratory-driven pulsation of cerebrospinal fluid content offers novel arguments in the pathophysiologic savvy of a range of brain dysfunctional conditions, including respiratory-related hypoxic pathologies. Some other articles tackle the heady topics of rehabilitation medicine, offering an insight into research-underpinned diagnostics and practical management solutions in a range of musculoskeletal disorders and injuries that affect the human body's movement, particularly those controlled by the autonomic nervous system. The book is addressed to clinicians, researchers, physiotherapists, and medical professionals engaged in patient care.

This issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine, edited by Drs. Peter Marshall and Wassim Fares, focuses on Pulmonary Embolism, with topics including: Clinical Probability Tools for DVT, PE, & Bleeding; Prevention of DVTs and Pulmonary Emboli: General Measures and High-Risk Populations; Diagnosis of DVTs and PEs: New Imaging Tools and Modalities; Perfusion Defects Misdiagnosed as Pulmonary Emboli; The Vicious Cycle of Hypercoagulability and Pulmonary Hypertension; VTE in Special Populations; Preganncy and Thrombo-embolic Disease; Challenges and Changes to the Management of PE in the Emergency Department; The Value of Bedside Echocardiogram in the Setting of Acute & Chronic Pulmonary Embolism; Management of Low-Risk PE; Update on the 'Novel' and Direct Oral Anticoagulants; Risk Stratification: Definitive/Aggressive Treatment of Hemodynamically Stable but Intermediate Risk Patients; Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT); Surgical and Other Interventions for DVTs; IVC Filters; Catheter-Based Therapies of Pulmonary Emboli; Surgical-Based Therapies for PEs; and Chronic Thrombo-embolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH).

Pulmonary hypertension is a life-threatening disease with no known cure. Here we provide a concise yet comprehensive review of the current knowledge about the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The underlying signaling mechanisms involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling and the exaggerated vascular contractility, two characteristic features of pulmonary hypertension, are discussed in depth. The roles of inflammation, immunity, and right ventricular function in the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension are discussed. The epidemiology of the five groups of pulmonary hypertension (World Health Organization classification; Nice, 2013) is also briefly described. A clear understanding of our current knowledge about the pathogenesis of PH is essential for further exploration of the underlying mechanisms involved in this disease and for the development of new therapeutic modalities. This book should be of interest to researchers and graduate students, both in basic research and in clinical settings, in the fields of pulmonary vascular biology and pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension is a life-threatening disease with no known cure. Here we provide a concise yet comprehensive review of the current knowledge about the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The underlying signaling mechanisms involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling and the exaggerated vascular contractility, two characteristic features of pulmonary hypertension, are discussed in depth. The roles of inflammation, immunity, and right ventricular function in the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension are discussed. The epidemiology of the five groups of pulmonary hypertension (World Health Organization classification; Nice, 2013) is also briefly described. A clear understanding of our current knowledge about the pathogenesis of PH is essential for further exploration of the underlying mechanisms involved in this disease and for the development of new therapeutic modalities. This book should be of interest to researchers and graduate students, both in basic research and in clinical settings, in the fields of pulmonary vascular biology and pulmonary hypertension.

This book tackles the role of interrelated conditions in the manifestation and course of pulmonary ailments. The articles run the gamut from basic to clinical science on such topics as airway allergy challenges, pulmonary dysfunction due to exposure to environmental pollution, molecular and functional aspects of smoking in lung carcinogenesis and in obstruction-related respiratory disorders, and others. Attention is directed to the developments in rehabilitative and lifestyle interventions in chronic disabilities, particularly involving neuromotor and stress-related conditions which, with advancing age, may lead to the deterioration of ventilation, with hypoxic sequelae. Enhanced research and awareness concerning the lung health drive better treatments and quality of life. Clinical insights presented in the book underscore a major role played by the science in transmuting biomedical knowledge into a better patient management. The volume is addressed to clinicians, researchers, physiotherapists, and other healthcare professionals engaged in effective patient care and therapy.

Designed with the practicing clinician in mind, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis provides a succinct, easy-to-digest overview of this challenging condition in which the cause of thickening lung tissue is unknown. This concise resource by Drs. Kevin K. Brown and Jeff Swigris provides essential information for the physician who sees pulmonary fibrosis patients, including epidemiology, genetics and biomarkers, pathology, diagnosis, disease monitoring, and therapeutics intended to improve the patient's lifespan and quality of life. Covers the process of making the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, as well as IPF look-alikes: uncharacterized PF, CTD-ILD, and cHP. Details today's available therapeutics, including Rx, rehabilitation, O2, Tx, and treating comorbidities: OSA, GERD, and PH. Consolidates today's available information on this timely topic into one convenient resource.

This book contains the refereed contributions from the 43rd annual meeting of ISOTT. The annual meetings of ISOTT bring together scientists from various fields (medicine, physiology, mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, etc.) in a unique international forum. ISOTT conferences are a place where an atmosphere of interaction is created, where many questions are asked after each presentation and lively discussions occur at a high scientific level. This vivid interaction is the main motivation for members to participate and gain new ideas and knowledge in the broad field of oxygen transport to tissue. The proceedings include sessions covered various research topics including Multi-Modal Imaging/Spectroscopy & Instrumentation; Cancer Metabolism; Cellular Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Function; Brain Oxygenation and Function; Other Organ Function and Metabolism; Oxygen Transport in Sports, Diseases and Clinical Care; Acupuncture, Meridians, and Primo Vascular System; EPR, MRS and MRI.

This book reviews stem cell behavior in the lung as it relates to regenerative medicine and stem cell therapeutics. Topics ranging from basic developmental mechanisms of various types of lung stem cells through the identification and properties of stem cell behavior and their potential applications in lung repair and regeneration, are discussed by an expert in the field. These discoveries are placed within the structural context of tissue and developmental biology in sections dealing with recent advances in understanding of developmental lung stem cell biology and behavior and their potential applications. Lung Stem Cell Behavior is essential reading for researchers in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, patient advocates, undergraduate students, graduate students, and clinicians interested in cellular therapy and tissue engineering therapies.