This book provides a comprehensive overview of the "real-time accompany technique" for diagnostic interventional pulmonology, known as rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). It also offers readers a detailed understanding of how to interpret ROSE cytological slides, which is key to the interventional procedure itself and valuable in the analysis of the infectious disease status. The first part discusses the ROSE procedure, clarifying the role of ROSE in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases, while further sections address correct work processes and the implications of ROSE, incorporating multidisciplinary perspectives on respiratory diseases, interventional pulmonology, pathology, clinical microbiology and infectious diseases. This helps practitioners, such as pulmonologists, interventional physicians, radiologists, critical care physicians, haematologists and rheumatologists, establish standardized clinical practices. The book also covers detailed clinical workups, including presentations of lesions, which are of interest to physicians from other specialties.

This book provides an innovative and comprehensive overview of the relationship between lung and exercise, both in healthy, active subjects and in subjects with chronic respiratory diseases. It investigates in detail the central role of the lungs during exercise and illustrates the impact of respiratory impairment due to both acute and chronic lung diseases on performance. Further, the book presents the latest evidence-based findings, which confirm that exercise is an effective and safe form of prevention and rehabilitation in respiratory diseases. The first section describes the changes in the respiratory system during exercise and the contribution of respiration to exercise, while readers will learn how to perform a respiratory assessment in the second section. The third section addresses a broad range of chronic respiratory diseases and the (in)ability of those affected to play sports and perform exercise, thus providing a basis for individual assessments. The last two sections focus on respiratory training, rehabilitation and the relationship between respiration and the environment, e.g. in high-altitude and underwater sports. The book will appeal to a wide readership, including pulmonologists, sport medicine physicians, physiotherapists and trainers, as well as instructors and students in exercise science.

This book contains the refereed contributions from the 43rd annual meeting of ISOTT. The annual meetings of ISOTT bring together scientists from various fields (medicine, physiology, mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, etc.) in a unique international forum. ISOTT conferences are a place where an atmosphere of interaction is created, where many questions are asked after each presentation and lively discussions occur at a high scientific level. This vivid interaction is the main motivation for members to participate and gain new ideas and knowledge in the broad field of oxygen transport to tissue. The proceedings include sessions covered various research topics including Multi-Modal Imaging/Spectroscopy & Instrumentation; Cancer Metabolism; Cellular Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Function; Brain Oxygenation and Function; Other Organ Function and Metabolism; Oxygen Transport in Sports, Diseases and Clinical Care; Acupuncture, Meridians, and Primo Vascular System; EPR, MRS and MRI.

This volume details our current understanding of the architecture and signaling capabilities of known canonical and non-canonical inflammasome complexes and highlights their action, in particular in response to infection with important bacterial model organisms and the corresponding disease pathologies. The first chapters review new insights into the assembly and structures of inflammasome components and emphasize general strategies of up- and downstream signaling events. In addition, the authors specifically discuss the composition and activity of inflammasomes during infection with various gut pathogens (Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Listeria and Helicobacter), respiratory pathogens (Mycobacterium, Legionella, Burkholderia and Streptococcus) as well as skin and soft tissue pathogens (Francisella and Staphylococcus). The discoveries presented provide a better understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of inflammasomes, which will pinpoint important new therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of multiple infectious diseases in the future. It is a valuable resource for students, scientists and clinicians, providing up-to-date information on this emerging research topic.

The latest in a series of books from the International Hypoxia Symposia, this volume spans reviews on key topics in hypoxia, and abstracts from poster and oral presentations. The biannual International Hypoxia Symposia are dedicated to hosting the best basic scientific and clinical minds to focus on the integrative and translational biology of hypoxia. Long before 'translational medicine' was a catchphrase, the founders of the International Hypoxia Symposia brought together basic scientists, clinicians and physiologists to live, eat, ski, innovate and collaborate in the Canadian Rockies. This collection of reviews and abstracts is divided into six sections, each covering new and important work relevant to a broad range of researchers interested in how humans adjust to hypoxia, whether on the top of Mt. Everest or in the pulmonary or cardiology clinic at low altitude. The sections include: Epigenetic Variations in Hypoxia High Altitude Adaptation Hypoxia and Sleep Hypoxia and the Brain Molecular Oxygen Sensing Physiological Responses to Hypoxia

Leading researchers are specially invited to provide a complete understanding of the key topics in these archetypal multidisciplinary fields. In a form immediately useful to scientists, this periodical aims to filter, highlight and review the latest developments in these rapidly advancing fields.

The Multiple Inert Gas Elimination Technique (MIGET) is a complex methodology involving specialized gas chromatography and sophisticated mathematics developed in the early 1970's. Essentially, nobody possesses knowledge of all its elements except for its original developers, and while some practical and theoretical aspects have been published over the years, none have included the level of detail that would be necessary for a potential user to adopt and understand the technique easily. This book is unique in providing a highly detailed, comprehensive technical description of the theory and practice underlying the MIGET to help potential users set up the method and solve problems they may encounter. But it is much more than a reference manual - it is a substantial physiological and mathematical treatise in its own right. It also has a wide applicability - there is extensive discussion of the common biological problem of quantitative inference. The authors took measured whole-lung gas exchange variables, and used mathematical procedures to infer the distribution of ventilation and blood flow from this data. In so doing, they developed novel approaches to answer the question: What are the limits to what can be concluded when inferring the inner workings from the "black box" behavior of a system? The book details the approaches developed, which can be generalized to other similar distributed functions within tissues and organs. They involve engineering approaches such as linear and quadratic programming, and uniquely use mathematical tools with biological constraints to obtain as much information as possible about a "black box" system. Lastly, the book summarizes the hundreds of research papers published by a number of groups over the decades in a way never before attempted in order to marshal the world's literature on the topic and to provide in one place the wealth of important discoveries, both physiological a nd clinical, enabled by the technique.

This issue of Chest Medicine Clinics focuses on Interventional Pulmonology, with topics including: Flexible bronchoscopy; Radiology for mediastinal lymph node station in lung cancer diagnosis and staging; Lung cancer screening; Early lung cancer detection; Palliative care and interventional pulmonology; Anesthesia for flexible and rigid bronchoscopy; Mediastinal and pulmonary pathology: Specimen collection and processing; Bronchial Thermoplasty: A nonpharmacological therapy for severe asthma; Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction; Malignant pleural effusion: From diagnostics to therapeutics; Intrapleural therapeutics; Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy; Tracheobronchial stenosis and Tracheobroncho malacia: diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas; Pediatric interventional pulmonology; The Business of Bronchoscopy: How to set up an Interventional Pulmonology Program; Bronchoscopic therapies for peripheral lung malignancies; and Bronchial Thermoplasty: A nonpharmacological therapy for severe asthma.

This book is a practical guide to the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis. Presented in a step by step approach, the text provides the latest information in the specialty, guiding clinicians through the history of the disease, its epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathology, to clinical presentation, imaging, diagnosis, and treatment options. The book is enhanced by illustrations and figures, and provides a clear understanding of the management of the disease from a global perspective and the challenges associated with tuberculosis care. Key points Practical guide to diagnosis and management of tuberculosis Presented in a step by step approach, providing latest information in the field Includes illustrations and figures to assist learning Provides clear understanding of challenges associated with tuberculosis care

This book provides a comprehensive review of the structure, function and pathophysiology of the pulmonary vasculature. Emerging evidence reveals the multifaceted roles played by the pulmonary vasculature. To reflect those roles, the individual chapters address topics ranging from pulmonary blood vessel development to vascular endothelial apoptosis, and delve deeply into our current understanding of various aspects of the pulmonary vasculature.

This book is an informal autobiography by John West MD PhD. He obtained his medical degree in Adelaide, Australia and then spent 15 years mainly at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital in London where he, with others, used radioactive oxygen-15 to make the first description of the uneven regional distribution of blood flow in the lung. In 1960-1961, he was a member of the Himalayan Scientific and Mountaineering Expedition led by Sir Edmund Hillary who had made the first ascent of Mt Everest 7 years before. During the expedition about 6 scientists spent up to three months at an altitude of 5800 m studying the effects of this very high altitude on human physiology. Because of his interests in the effects of gravity on the lung, Dr. West spent a year at the NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California in 1967-1968. While there he submitted a proposal to NASA to measure pulmonary function of astronauts in space, and this was funded. Later, in 1981 he organized the American Medical Research Expedition to Everest during which the first measurements of human physiology on the summit, altitude 8848 m, were obtained. In the 1990's, Dr. West's team made the first comprehensive measurements of pulmonary function of astronauts in space using SpaceLab which was taken up in the Shuttle.

The Multiple Inert Gas Elimination Technique (MIGET) is a complex methodology involving specialized gas chromatography and sophisticated mathematics developed in the early 1970's. Essentially, nobody possesses knowledge of all its elements except for its original developers, and while some practical and theoretical aspects have been published over the years, none have included the level of detail that would be necessary for a potential user to adopt and understand the technique easily. This book is unique in providing a highly detailed, comprehensive technical description of the theory and practice underlying the MIGET to help potential users set up the method and solve problems they may encounter. But it is much more than a reference manual - it is a substantial physiological and mathematical treatise in its own right. It also has a wide applicability - there is extensive discussion of the common biological problem of quantitative inference. The authors took measured whole-lung gas exchange variables, and used mathematical procedures to infer the distribution of ventilation and blood flow from this data. In so doing, they developed novel approaches to answer the question: What are the limits to what can be concluded when inferring the inner workings from the "black box" behavior of a system? The book details the approaches developed, which can be generalized to other similar distributed functions within tissues and organs. They involve engineering approaches such as linear and quadratic programming, and uniquely use mathematical tools with biological constraints to obtain as much information as possible about a "black box" system. Lastly, the book summarizes the hundreds of research papers published by a number of groups over the decades in a way never before attempted in order to marshal the world's literature on the topic and to provide in one place the wealth of important discoveries, both physiological a nd clinical, enabled by the technique.

This issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine focuses on Pulmonary Considerations in Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Editors Vivek Ahya and Joshua Diamond have assembled an expert team of authors on topics such as: Overview of HSCT Transplantation and future directions in treatment of hematologic malignancies; Early Pulmonary complications of HSCT and Prognosis of Respiratory FailureLate Pulmonary complications of HSCT; Overview of Lung Transplantation, Heart-lung transplantation, Lung-Liver transplantation and combined HSCT and lung transplantation; Primary graft dysfunction after Lung Transplantation; Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in lung transplantation; Evaluation and Management of the potential lung donor (including EVLP); Acute rejection & antibody mediated rejection in lung transplantation; Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD); Airway complications in lung transplantation; PTLD in solid organ and HSCT transplantation; Respiratory Bacterial and Mycobacterial Infections in solid organ transplantation and HSCT; Respiratory Viral infections in solid organ transplantation and HSCT; Respiratory Fungal infections in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Non-infectious pulmonary complications of Liver, Heart and Kidney Transplantation; Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portal- pulmonary hypertension in liver failure; implications for liver transplantation.

The main goal of this book is to form a high-quality platform in which well-known and emerging pioneering basic, translational and clinical scientists can present their latest, exciting findings in the studies of redox signaling in the pulmonary vasculature. Content from outstanding investigators with unique expertise and skills of molecular and cell biology, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, biophysics, biotechnology and medicine will update our current out-of-date concepts with new knowledge. Rapidly increasing scientific studies have gathered a large volume of novel and important information on redox signaling in healthy and diseased pulmonary vasculature. This volume covers the need for a cohesive book to display state-of-the-art advances in the field. The second major aim of this book is to help direct future research. Redox signaling is a major molecular process involved in almost every physiologic cellular response in the pulmonary vasculature including energy metabolism, host defense, gene expression, contraction, proliferation, and migration. Aberrancy in this important signaling pathway leads to a critical role in the development of nearly all pulmonary diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, pulmonary edema, and vasculitis, among others.

Airborne allergies afflict millions of Americans, and are now the sixth leading cause of chronic illness. But now allergy victims can fight back with the most up-to-date information available anywhere. Learn the latest techniques for controlling symptoms through conventional medicines and diet, how to make your home allergen-free, and discover the exciting promise offered by lgE blockers and improved immunotherapy. Detailed discussions of allergy myths and how to find a physician who can offer real relief are also included in this essential guide.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a ubiquitous and highly contagious virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and hospitalisation during the first year of life and it might be associated with an increased risk of recurrent wheeze, asthma as well as with decreased respiratory function in school-aged children. In Chapter One, the authors report the most updated evidences for the environmental prophylaxis and summarise current recommendations about targeted palivizumab immunisation and ongoing trials on RSV vaccine development. Chapter Two summarises the most recent literature regarding acute bronchiolitis to provide an evidence-based approach to the management and treatment of this disease. In Chapter Three, the authors review risk factors associated with hospitalisation and pediatric intensive care unit admission. The final chapter illustrates a practical, pathophysiological and step up approach to children affected by severe bronchiolitis.