Presenting the basic concepts and clinical implications of respiratory infection, with special emphasis on the role of the immune system, the field's leading researchers contribute detailed chapters on most of the major pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Their work will stimulate new research by microbiologists and immunologists, teach clinicians the interaction between microorganisms and the host, and provide health professionals with information necessary to evaluate public health procedures.

Respiratory diseases are leading causes of death and disability globally, with about 65 million people suffering from COPD, and 334 million from asthma, the most common chronic disease. Each year, tens of millions of people develop and can die from from respiratory infections such as pneumonia and TB. Systemic inflammation may induce and exacerbate local inflammatory diseases in the lungs, and local inflammation can in turn cause systemic inflammation. There is increasing evidence of the coexistence of systemic and local inflammation in patients suffering from asthma, COPD, and other lung diseases, and the co-morbidity of two or more local inflammatory diseases often occurs. For example, rheumatoid arthritis frequently occurs together with, and promotes the development of, pulmonary hypertension. This co-morbidity significantly impacts quality of life, and can result in death for those affected. Current treatment options for lung disease are neither effective, nor condition-specific; there is a desperate need for novel therapeutics in the field. Additionally, the molecular and physiological significance of most major lung diseases is not well understood, which further impedes development of new treatments, especially in the case of coexistent lung diseases with other inflammatory diseases. Great progress has been made in recent years in many areas of the field, particularly in understanding the molecular geneses, regulatory mechanisms, signalling pathways, and cellular processes within lung disease, as well as basic and clinical technology, drug discovery, diagnoses, treatment options, and predictive prognoses. This is the first text to aggregate these developments. In two comprehensive volumes, experts from all over the world present state-of-the-art advances in the study of lung inflammation in health and disease. Contributing authors cover well-known as well as emerging topics in basic, translational, and clinical research, with the aim of providing researchers, clinicians, professionals, and students with new perspectives and concepts. The editors hope these books will also help to direct future research in lung disease and other inflammatory diseases, and result in the development of novel therapeutics.

The third edition of a classic work originally published by Lippincott Raven. Tuberous Sclerosis is a genetic disease characterized by lesions of the skin and central nervous system, seizures, and sometimes severe mental retardation. This revised edition will include biological analysis of underlying genetic causes.

This comprehensive book thoroughly covers the spectrum of rhinitis conditions and related comorbidities. Rhinitis and Related Upper Respiratory Conditions is a unique resource that delivers essential clinical information, addressing the varying patient populations which might be encountered in different types of clinical settings. Chapters range from topics such as pediatric, adult, geriatric, and occupational rhinitis, while also covering the full array of rhinitis subtypes and their complications. Later chapters address secondary causes of rhinitis such as systemic diseases manifesting as rhinitis, drug-induced rhinitis, and CSF leak. Written by experts in the field, every chapter is structured to contain clinical cases which illustrate the typical patient presentation, and their diagnostic work-up and treatment, providing the knowledge needed to further improve diagnosis and care for the patient with rhinitis. Rhinitis and Related Upper Respiratory Conditions is an ideal resource for allergists, primary care physicians, and health care extenders, to help them recognize and further improve care of patients with rhinitis.

This volume covers data describing the role of free radicals and antioxidants in respiratory disorders, including the data that deal with clinical and pre-clinical trials. Chapters describe the relationship of oxidative stress to a number of respiratory and pulmonary conditions from a basic science and clinical perspective, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, acute lung injury, pulmonary hypertension, toxicity and fibrosis, cancer and asbestosis. The book also discusses the use of conventional biomarkers of oxidative stress and breath condensates as adjuncts to classical laboratory testing, the effect of antioxidants on cellular protection, as well as the development of novel antioxidant modalities.

The book describes how changes in respiration can affect the heart and circulation, with particular reference to the control of the two systems by small organs, known as chemoreceptors, which are situated in the neck and chest. These are stimulated when the body is partly deprived of an oxygen supply. Apart from a detailed description of the mechanisms by which the respiratory and circulatory systems are integrated the book also contains chapters which would appeal to those interested in the historical, morphological, medico-legal and clinical aspects of the subject.

This book examines a range of contemporary ideas and arguments concerning the core yet unsettled clinical issues. Important aspects of pulmonary disorders are tackled such as occupational and environmental respiratory health hazards, the role of vitamin D supplementation in airway allergy, or nutritional aspects of care for lung cancer patients. Metabolic disorders affecting the processes of atherogenesis and systemic inflammation also are tackled. Attention is directed to rare but severe pediatric disease entities. Articles give readers practice at analyzing clinical data. The practical insights emphasize the role of science in transforming biomedical knowledge and care. This volume will be essential reading for clinicians, researchers, and other healthcare professionals engaged in effective patient care and therapy.

This book addresses several burning issues concerning diseases involving the lungs and respiratory tract. It discusses the epidemiology, mechanisms, prevention, and diagnosis of chest conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnea and respiratory infections. Further, it examines the intertwined connection between oxidative stress, cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, and the occurrence and course of obstructive sleep apnea. It also provides pulmonologists with valuable information on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe airway obstruction or respiratory tract infections. Other topics covered include viral infections of the airways, such as influenza, particularly in high-risk groups like pediatric populations, as well as psychosocial aspects, e.g., quality of life in lung cancer patients. Combining basic science and clinical practice, the articles provide key insights and highlight the areas of still limited understanding of disease processes. Stimulating new directions in clinical practice, this collection of articles is intended for respiratory physicians, clinical experts, family practitioners, and all allied healthcare professionals.

This book is designed to provide a comprehensive and state-of-the-art resource for clinicians who care for patients with sepsis and research scientist alike, . Patients with severe sepsis requiring ICU admission have very high rates of ICU and overall hospital mortality, with estimates ranging from 18 to 50%. Risk factors for death from sepsis include underlying illness, increased age, and multi-system organ failure. This is compounded by the significant variation in the management of early severe sepsis. Care of these patients and clinical conditions can be quite complex, and materials are collected from the most current, evidence-based resources. Book sections have been structured to review the overall definitions and epidemiology of sepsis as well as current insights into the pathophysiology of sepsis. This review summarizes the evidence for the international consensus guidelines for the identification and management of sepsis. The latter part of this book reviews emerging concepts and approaches in the diagnosis and management of sepsis that may significantly reduce mortality in the future. Sepsis: Pathophysiology, Definitions and the Challenge of Bedside Management represents a collaboration between authors drawn from a variety of disciplines and contributions from basic scientists and highly recognized clinical opinion leaders with expertise in clinical trials.

This book contains the refereed contributions from the 41st annual meeting of ISOTT. The annual meetings of ISOTT bring together scientists from various fields (medicine, physiology, mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, etc.) in a unique international forum. Traditionally, ISOTT conferences are a place, where an atmosphere of interaction is created, where many questions are asked after each presentation and lively discussions occur at a high scientific level. This vivid interaction is the main motivation for members to participate and gain new ideas and knowledge in the broad field of oxygen transport to tissue. The papers in this volume summarize some of the outstanding contributions from the 41st annual meeting. Special features in this volume include invited presentations from senior members of ISOTT for the theme "the wisdom of ISOTT" in which founders, past presidents and prize winners from previous meetings provided both cutting edge new knowledge and integrated overviews of critical aspects of the field. The presentations and manuscripts also include those provided by the special opportunity provided by having part of the ISOTT meeting overlap with the EPR-2013 meeting where both focused on preclinical and clinical measurements of oxygen, with a particular emphasis on cancer. Chapters 22, 24, 25 and 26 are open access under a CC BY 4.0 license via link.springer.com.

This book examines non-invasive, electrical-based methods for disease diagnosis and assessment of heart function. In particular, a formalized signal model is proposed since this offers several advantages over methods that rely on measured data alone. By using a formalized representation, the parameters of the signal model can be easily manipulated and/or modified, thus providing mechanisms that allow researchers to reproduce and control such signals. In addition, having such a formalized signal model makes it possible to develop computer tools that can be used for manipulating and understanding how signal changes result from various heart conditions, as well as for generating input signals for experimenting with and evaluating the performance of e.g. signal extraction methods. The work focuses on bioelectrical information, particularly electrical bio-impedance (EBI). Once the EBI has been measured, the corresponding signals have to be modelled for analysis. This requires a structured approach in order to move from real measured data to the model of the corresponding signals. This book proposes a generic framework for this procedure. It can be used as a guide for modelling impedance cardiography (ICG) and impedance respirography (IRG) signals, as well as for developing the corresponding bio-impedance signal simulator (BISS).

Master the principles and skills of respiratory care for neonates, infants, and children! Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition provides a solid foundation in the assessment and treatment of respiratory disorders in children. Clear, full-color coverage simplifies the concepts of respiratory care while emphasizing clinical application. Reflecting the changing face of this profession, this edition unpacks care strategies with coverage of the newest treatment algorithms, interventions, mechanical ventilation technologies, and more. From an expert team of contributors led by Brian K. Walsh, an experienced respiratory therapist and researcher, this text is an excellent study tool for the NBRC's Neonatal/Pediatric Specialty examination. Authoritative, evidence-based content covers all of the major topics of respiratory care for neonates, infants, and children, including both theory and application, with an emphasis on an entry-level BS degree. Nearly 500 full-color illustrations - plus clear tables and graphs - make it easier to understand key concepts. Case studies include a brief patient history and questions for each, showing how concepts apply to the more difficult areas of care for neonatal and pediatric disorders. Complete test preparation is provided through coverage of all the content in the matrix for the 2020 NBRC neonatal/pediatric specialty (NPS) credentialing exam. Learning Objectives at the beginning of each chapter break down key content into measurable behaviors, criteria, and conditions. Key Points at the end of each chapter summarize the more important information in a bulleted format. Assessment Questions at the end of each chapter are written in the NBRC multiple-choice style as found on the Neonatal/Pediatric Specialty (NPS) exam, helping you become familiar with the NBRC testing format. Glossary makes it easy to find definitions of all of the book's key terminology. Answers to assessment and case study questions are provided on the Evolve website. NEW! Logical, easy-to-use organization divides the content into three sections of 1) Neonatal, 2) Pediatrics, and 3) Neonatal and Pediatric combined, mirroring the academic approach of most respiratory care programs. NEW! Updated content reflects the new matrix for the 2020 NBRC Neonatal/Pediatric Specialty (NPS) exam. NEW! Assessment Questions at the end of each chapter are updated to reflect the changes to the 2020 NBRC exam. NEW! Additional treatment algorithms of care are added to relevant chapters.

Traditional research methodologies in the human respiratory system have always been challenging due to their invasive nature. Recent advances in medical imaging and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have accelerated this research. This book compiles and details recent advances in the modelling of the respiratory system for researchers, engineers, scientists, and health practitioners. It breaks down the complexities of this field and provides both students and scientists with an introduction and starting point to the physiology of the respiratory system, fluid dynamics and advanced CFD modeling tools. In addition to a brief introduction to the physics of the respiratory system and an overview of computational methods, the book contains best-practice guidelines for establishing high-quality computational models and simulations. Inspiration for new simulations can be gained through innovative case studies as well as hands-on practice using pre-made computational code. Last but not least, students and researchers are presented the latest biomedical research activities, and the computational visualizations will enhance their understanding of physiological functions of the respiratory system.

Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide problem and many associations with diseases are being discovered. Recently, there has been an interest in the role that vitamin D plays in the inception and progression of lung disease. Vitamin D and the Lung: Mechanisms and Disease Associations delivers a concise, evidence-based review of the evidence for a role of vitamin D in various lung disorders. Divided into three sections, the first section of the book delivers a review of how vitamin D deficiency emerged in human populations, and gives a perspective on how humans evolved to maximize the efficiency of production of vitamin D. The second section of the book reviews aspects of vitamin D mechanisms on different immune cells, lung tissue, and genetics that have potential impact on lung disease. The third section follows with chapters on associations of vitamin D with the risk for viral infections, asthma and allergies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis, and finally, lung cancer with an emphasis on ongoing research and clinical issues and needs for future research in each field. Written by an international group of expert authors, Vitamin D and the Lung: Mechanisms and Disease Associations is an essential text for researchers in the respiratory field and practicing clinicians including internists, pulmonologists, and primary care personnel.

Use this all-in-one reference in the lab - and to prepare for PFT credentialing exams! Ruppel's Manual of Pulmonary Function Testing, 12th Edition provides comprehensive coverage of common pulmonary function tests, testing techniques, and the pathophysiology that may be evaluated by each test. It also includes information on equipment, measurement software, reference values, and quality assurance, so you can develop the testing skills you need to find and assess lung abnormalities and conditions such as asthma, COPD, and emphysema. Written by Carl D. Mottram, a well-known expert in pulmonary function procedures, this bestselling guide helps you get accurate test results every time. Entry- and Advanced-Level objectives prepare you for success on the NBRC's Pulmonary Function Technologist credentialing examinations and follow the content guidelines of the CPFT and RPFT exam matrices from the National Board for Respiratory Care. How To boxes provide step-by-step guidelines to performing pulmonary function tests, taking the guesswork out of completing accurate and result-producing tests. Case studies provide problem-solving challenges for real-life patient scenarios, including each case history, PFT testing results, a technologist's comments, and questions and answers. PFT Tips highlight and reinforce the most important pulmonary function testing information in every chapter. Convenient study features include key terms, chapter outlines, learning objectives, chapter summary points, suggested readings, a glossary, and self-assessment questions. Authoritative, all-in-one resource eliminates the need to search for information in other sources. Criteria for acceptability and repeatability are included in each test section, as well as interpretive strategies to help you adhere to recognized testing standards. NEW! Indications for Pulmonary Function Testing chapter Includes updates in alignment with the 2019 ATS-ERS Spirometry Standards. NEW! Spirometry chapter adds updated Information per the new 2019 ATS-ERS Spirometry Technical Standard. NEW! Diffusing Capacity Tests chapter is aligned with the 2014 ERS-ATS Technical Standard and the 2017 Global Lung Initiative (GLI) DLCO reference set. NEW! Bronchoprovocation Challenge Testing chapter is updated with the 2017 ERS Methacholine Challenge Technical Standard and 2018 ERS Indirect Bronchial Challenge Testing (e.g., mannitol, exercise, hyperventilation, cold air). NEW! Specialized Test Regimens chapter includes 2018 ATS Reference Values in Children. NEW! Pulmonary Function Testing Equipment chapter is updated with new equipment and vendors. NEW! Quality Systems in the Pulmonary Function Laboratory chapter is updated with the newest version of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institutes (CLSI) Quality Management System (QMS01), which is the basis for any laboratory quality program, and a new table of recommended target CVs for Biological control (BioQC). NEW! Reference Values and Interpretation Strategies chapter adds new GLI (Global Lung Function Initiative) reference sets for Diffusing of the Lung and Lungs Volumes.

In this issue, guest editors bring their considerable expertise to this important topic. Provides in-depth reviews on the latest updates in the field, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

This issue of Sleep Medicine Clinics, guest-edited by Dr. Jessie Bakker, focuses on Unraveling the Puzzle of Adherence in Sleep Medicine. This issue is one of four selected each year by series Consulting Editors, Dr. Teofilo Lee-Chiong and Dr. Ana C Krieger. Articles include: What can we consider to be a clinically meaningful target for PAP adherence?, Adherence to sleep therapies in children and adolescents, Socioeconomic Disparities in Positive Airway Pressure Adherence: An Integrative Review, What do we know about adherence to oral appliances?, Alternative care pathways for OSA and the impact on PAP adherence, Summary and Update on Behavioural Interventions for Improving Adherence with Positive Airway Pressure Treatment in Adults and more.

Nutrition in Pediatric Pulmonary Disease is a much needed resource for practitioners that provides a basic understanding of nutrition and nutritional supplements; their impact on physiologic function and how this can be applied for general health maintenance as well as a supplemental treatment for pulmonary diseases. This book provides information on (1) basics of nutrition, supplements and herbs and how they influence physiology (2) their application and potential use for various pulmonary diseases along with evidence regarding efficacy and safety. Also examined are (3) how diet, dietary supplements and herbs are integrated together for treatment and prevention of pulmonary disease. Finally (4) several health promoting diets and their potential benefits to patients with pulmonary diseases will be discussed. Nutrition in Pediatric Pulmonary Disease is an excellent new resource for practicing physicians who are interested in incorporating more nutritional approaches to treating their patients.

In 1882, Robert Koch discovered the TB bacillus, signaling a redirection of medical thinking from the trial and error guesswork of individual experience toward medical care based upon science. Professor Ellison uses the career of Edward Livingston Trudeau (1848-1915), a recognized leader in the American crusade against tuberculosis, to examine the development of medical science as a human process. Ellison asks how the germ theory influenced the thinking of physicians like Trudeau; how it affected the sanitorium treatment of patients, and even the development of laboratory studies. During Trudeau's lifetime, physicians confronted a killer disease with contradictory knowledge that was largely empirical, based on their clinical experience. Koch's discovery of the cause of tuberculosis raised the hope that a cure was within easy reach. But, in the end, a cure eluded Trudeau. Despite this, he adopted a method of caring for patients in the early stages of tuberculosis, he legitimated that system to the public, and he defended it before his fellow physicians. Trudeau's story has lessons for the way society looks at medicine specifically and all sciences in general. As such, this book will be of great interest to historians of medicine and science.

Breathing is so fundamental to life, that the brain is hardwired to the extent that when breathing is compromised for any reason, nothing else matters. Shortness of breath is naturally an attention-getter, but when breathing problems become frequent, help is needed. Of course, health care providers are there to help and prescribe medication that brings temporary relief, but many patients leave with unanswered questions about more permanent, long-lasting treatments or cures. This book guides respiratory patients on having the most productive relationships with their doctors. A registered respiratory therapist, the author uses almost fifty years of clinical experience to outline how patients can be more active participants in their own medical care. With a better understanding of the right questions to ask, more beneficial discussions with doctors will help 'fine-tune' every individual's medical care plan.

Over the last decade the science and medicine of high altitude and hypoxia adaptation has seen great advances. "High Altitude: Human Adaptation to Hypoxia "addresses the challenges in dealing with the changes in human physiology and the particular medical conditions that arise from exposure to high altitude. In-depth and comprehensive chapters cover both the basic science and the clinical consequences of exposure to high altitude. Genetic, cellular, organ and whole body system responses to high altitudes are covered and chapters discuss these effects on a wide range of diseases. Expert authors provide insight into the care of patients with pre-existing medical conditions that fail in some cases to adapt as well as offer insights into how high altitude research can help critically ill patients. "High Altitude: Human Adaptation to Hypoxia" is an important new volume that offers a window into greater understanding and more successful treatment of hypoxic human diseases."

It is commonly accepted that "exercise is good for children" but, considering the number of children worldwide exercising, we know comparatively little, compared to adults, about how specific mechanisms influence health and sports performance. There are considerable obstacles that challenge the progress of paediatric research, not least in relation to ethical and methodological considerations. Therefore, advances in the science and clinical application of paediatric exercise physiology, psychology and biomechanics have not reached their potential. Paediatric clinical exercise physiology has application to the role of exercise in the assessment and treatment of paediatric chronic diseases, the utilization of physical activity in preventing illness and enhancing wellbeing and can enhance our understanding of how sports can be made safer and more enjoyable for our young athletes. Exercise and Respiratory Diseases in Paediatrics highlights research by various methodologies, including literature reviews, experimental research and innovations, applied to children and adolescents with respiratory diseases. Chronic conditions such as asthma, bronchiectasis (e.g., cystic fibrosis), and those associated with prematurity and medical complexity are worldwide health problems for young people and although management includes pharmaceutical medications, physiotherapy, nutritional and psychological support, exercise has a role in optimising multidisciplinary care. There has been unprecedented acceleration in new technologies and methodologies that promise to facilitate paediatric research and these are explained and discussed as future research directions. This is reading for post graduate students, researchers, academics and policy makers within the field of paediatric healthcare, physical activity, physiology and the related disciplines.