Pneumonia (along with influenza) is the sixth leading cause of death in adults. About 4 million adults develop pneumonia each year in the US, resulting in 64 million days of restricted activity, 39 million days of bed confinement, and 10 million days of lost work. Yet the admission rates to hospital, length of stay, investigations, antimicrobial therapy and prevention strategies vary greatly from one geographic area to the next, and the scientific basis for many of our management strategies for pneumonia is weak to nonexistent. There are over 100 microbial agents that can cause pneumonia and many of these, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae, Group A streptococcus, and Staphylococcus aureus, are in a state of flux in terms of changing antimicrobial resistance. This book is designed to provide new information about pneumonia and identify critical research questions that will come to the fore as we enter the 21st century.

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF MECHANCIAL VENTILATION, FOURTH EDITION integrates fundamental concepts of respiratory physiology with the day-to-day duties of a respiratory care professional. Utilizing the wide degree of topics covered, including airway management, understanding ventilator waveforms, and addressing critical care issues, readers have the best resource available for understanding mechanical ventilation and its clinical application. Enhancing the learning experience are valuable illustrations of concepts and equipment, highlighted key points, and self-assesment questions in NRBC format with answers. Whether preparing for the national exam or double-checking a respiratory care calculation, this book provides the fundamental principles of repsiratory care with the clinical guidance necessary for mechanical ventilation.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and is the focus of ongoing research. Consequently, treatment of cardiovascular disorders is among the most highly evidence-based area of medicine and pharmacy practice.

Quick Reference to Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy provides important guidelines and standards of care in the pharmacological management of cardiovascular diseases. It begins with the management of cardiovascular risk factors and continues with important pharmacotherapeutics. In addition, the authors tackle crucial pharmacotherapeutic problems related to managing patients with cardiovascular diseases, such as drug-induced cardiovascular side effects and alternative pharmacotherapy for managing cardiovascular diseases. With numerous tables and charts utilized throughout, the pocketbook also contains important dosing information applicable specifically to cardiac patients.

Furthermore, based on their experience, the contributors offer important clinical pearls to help deal with commonly encountered clinical problems in daily practice. Quick Reference to Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy provides health care professionals and students a concise, quick, and authoritative summary of how to utilize pharmacological agents for the management of cardiovascular disease.

The successful prophylaxis and treatment of ubiquitous respiratory infections is essential for the enhancement of public health. The chapters provide new insights into the biology of causative pathogens, tackle the epidemiological aspects, and present an update on diagnostics, prevention and therapy of infections. The emerging new pathogens and antibiotic resistance of the old ones are discussed. Novel markers of the severity of community acquired pneumonia, which bears high morbidity and mortality, also are presented.

Carefully delineating each step in the formation of the lung, Lung Growth and Development examines prenatal and postnatal lung development...the regulation of surfactant protein gene expression and models for the analysis of epithelial gene transcription and function...cellular differentiation and the role of mesenchymal cells...airway gland growth and differentiation...growth regulation in the tracheobronchial epithelium and mucociliary differentiation...embryonic precursors of the pulmonary nervous system and the development of lung innervation...Clara cells, airway smooth muscle development, cell interactions in vessel formation, and the surfactant system...respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and compensatory lung growth...and more. Written by over 30 international experts, Lung Growth and Development is a practical guide for pulmonologists and pulmonary disease specialists, physiologists, molecular and cellular biologists, pathologists, neonatalogists and pediatricians, anatomists, pathologists, and graduate-level and medical school students in these disciplines.

The lung forms an integral part of the body's immune system and is subject to a range of diseases which are either autoimmune in nature or have clear-cut immunological abnormalities. "Autoimmune Aspects of Lung Disease" provides a concise review of the lung's role in the immune system and a detailed account of both primary and secondary lung diseases which are characterised by immunological perturbation or frank autoimmunity. The volume presents a detailed, up-to-date account of disorders ranging from infection to neoplasia and is written in both an informative and stimulating style by a prestigious group of authors. The chapters are extensively referenced and provide numerous insights into the aetiopathogenesis and clinical features and treatment of immunologically-linked pulmonary disease. The book is intended as both an overview for physicians and scientists with an established interest in diseases of the lung, immunologists seeking to learn more about relevant disorders in the lung and general physicians, whether specialists or in training, seeking to enrich their knowledge of the links between the pulmonary and immune systems.

to Nitric Oxide Biology.- 1. Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Actions.- 2. Reactive Oxygen and Reactive Nitrogen Species in the Lung.- Role of Endogenous Nitric Oxide in the Lung.- 3. Non-Adrenergic Non-Cholinergic Neurotransmission in the Airways: Role of Nitric Oxide.- 4. Localisation of Nitric Oxide Synthases in the Lung.- 5. Role of Nitric Oxide in the Regulation of Pulmonary Vascular Tone.- 6. Nitric Oxide and Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness.- 7. Bronchodilator Actions of Nitric Oxide and Related Compounds.- 8. Role of Nitric Oxide in Airway Inflammation.- Therapeutic Potential of Inhalded Nitric Oxide and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors in Lung Disease.- 9. Nitric Oxide in Exhaled Air: Relevance in Inflammatory Lung Disease.- 10. Luminal Nitric Oxide in the Upper Airways: Implications for Local and Distal Sites of Action.- 11. Inhaled Nitric Oxide as a Therapy for Diseases of the Pulmonary Vasculature.- 12. Combinded Use of Nitric Oxide and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors as a Possible Therapeutic Approach.

Asthma has rapidly become one of the most common chronic illnesses of the Western world, and its prevalence continues to rise, with the proportion of patients with more severe diseases also increasing. Faced with this problem, more researchers are focusing on the causes, mechanisms, and pathophysiology of asthma. The major hopes are that more effective drugs will become available and that preventive measures can be instituted. Increasingly, molecular and cell bi- ogy approaches are being used to characterize and understand the mechanisms of the inflammatory process that is typical of the asthmatic airway. This volume on Asthma: Mechanisms and Protocols in the Methods in Molecular Medicineseries provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in asthma by p- viding extensive protocols that are being used in asthma research. Briefly, it c- ers details of methods for obtaining cells from the airways, analysis of gene and protein expression in the limited clinical samples from asthmatic airways, use of molecular and cellular tools for studying cytokine expression and release, studies of asthma-related genes and genetic polymorphisms, and understanding the - fects of asthma treatments. With such coverage, the volume ties in several dis- plines, including allergy and immunology, cell biology, pharmacology, and histology. We have continued in the spirit of the series to provide a bench book for day-to-day use.

Despite efforts to curb tobacco use, global tobacco addiction remains as strong as ever. Smoking rates are declining very slowly in advanced countries, and they are increasing in the developing world. Yet, researchers still do not fully understand what drives smoking decisions. Life-Course Smoking Behavior presents smoking trajectories of different generations of women and men from ten of the world's most visible countries, with nation-specific representative samples spanning more than eighty years of recent history. To inspire hypotheses on the determinants of smoking behavior, the authors place these data in economic, political, social, and cultural contexts, which differ greatly both across countries at a particular time and over time in a given country. Though significant research has been conducted on smoking statistics and tobacco control policies, most descriptions of smoking behavior rely on cross-sectional "snapshot" data that do not track individuals' habits throughout their lifespan. Lillard and Christopoulou's work is a unique and necessary text in its comparative life-course approach, making it a long overdue complement to the existing literature.

Rubor (redness), tumor (swelling), calor (heat), and dolor (pain) are the classical signs of inflammation. These features are obvious in the skin, where injury or disease causes flare, wheal, and painful burning sensations. Vasodi- tation underlies the flare and heat, plasma exudation the swelling, and acti- tion of sensory nerves relays pain. In chronic conditions, skin biopsies show inflammatory cell infiltrate. Inflammation is not unique to the skin and contr- utes to disease and repair processes in other organ systems in the body. From the viewpoint of this volume, lung inflammation is now recognized as central to the pathophysiology of a number of severe respiratory conditions, the two most common being asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In asthma, and to a lesser extent COPD, there is evidence of vasodilatation, with congestion of blood vessels accompanied by reddening of the airway mucosa, and of plasma exudation, leading to swelling of the airway wall. Similarly, although less pronounced than in the skin, there is evidence of pain, for example, the - pleasant chest sensations associated with asthma attacks. Understanding the pat- genesis of airway inflammation will enable rational design of drugs to effectively treat conditions such as asthma and COPD. However, whereas immediate access to the skin facilitates investigation of disease processes, the lung, although "open to atmosphere," is much less accessible. Consequently, the investigation of lung inflammation is usually indirect. Thus, a wide variety of research techniques are used.

This research-level reference provides a review of the morphological techniques that have become a primary method of anatomical study correlating structure and function in lung physiology and pathology. Detailing the evolution of anatomy as a research discipline, it explores general structural techn

In this issue of Medical Clinics, guest editor Daniel M. Goodenberger brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Pulmonary Diseases. Provides in-depth reviews on the latest updates in Pulmonary Diseases, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

In this unique title, the full range of chronic respiratory conditions and their association with psychiatric comorbidities are explored and targeted management options are outlined. Indeed recent studies indicate a far higher prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients afflicted with chronic respiratory conditions than in patients with other chronic disorders. Unlike other publications in the field of pulmonary disease, Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases details this significant correlation. The book is comprehensive in scope, covering such topics as depression and anxiety across the age spectrum, diagnostic tools for anxiety and depression, anxiety and depression in COPD patients, depression and anxiety in adult patients with asthma, and end-stage lung disease and lung transplantation, among others. In this novel work, the volume Editors enlist a team of renowned experts in the fields of respiratory and psychiatric disorders to combine a thorough synthesis of the literature with targeted, practical strategies for management. Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases is an invaluable resource for all clinicians who care for patients with chronic and advanced lung diseases.

3D Lung Models for Regenerating Lung Tissue is a comprehensive summary on the current state of art 3D lung models and novel techniques that can be used to regenerate lung tissue. Written by experts in the field, readers can expect to learn more about 3D lung models, novel techniques including bioprinting and advanced imaging techniques, as well as important knowledge about the complexity of the lung and its extracellular matrix composition. Structured into 15 different chapters, the book spans from the original 2D cell culture model on plastic, to advanced 3D lung models such as using human extracellular matrix protein. In addition, the last chapters cover new techniques including 3D printing, bioprinting, and artificial intelligence that can be used to drive the field forward and some future perspectives. This highly topical book with chapters on everything from the complexity of the lung and its microenvironment to cutting-edge 3D lung models, represents an exciting body of work that can be used by researchers during study design, grant writing, as teaching material, or to stay updated with the progression of the field.

Respiratory allergy is constantly encountered and is sharply on the rise, particularly in the two most vulnerable age-groups: young children and seniors. Allergy results in airway hyperactivity and increased airway resistance, with all inflammatory sequelae being ensued. The chapters show how respiratory allergy research is interconnected with other disciplines by discussing neurotransmitter, membrane receptor, and ionic channel mechanisms of allergy and by giving diagnostic and pharmacological cues on desensitization and therapy.

This book comprehensively describes alkaptonuria and ochronosis. Beginning with the history, genetics, pathophysiology and diagnostics of the disease, the authors subsequently present a detailed characterization of its clinical manifestation in the spine, peripheral joints, eyes, ears, visceral organs and respiratory tract, its pathological anatomy and histology, as well as differential diagnosis. This is complemented by the latest data on therapy and experimental models of alkaptonuria, and supported by several case reports. Numerous pictures and radiological images document the clinical symptoms, giving the reader a solid understanding of the disease. On the basis of the editor's and authors' own extensive observations, the book offers an analysis of protein metabolism and aromatic amino acids in the context of alkaptonuria. Written by international experts in the field, the book offers a valuable reference guide for healthcare professionals working in rheumatology, dermatology, pulmonology, otolaryngology and histopathology.

This new book provides an accessible review of the field of lung biology and disease aimed at the graduate or medical student and biomedical researcher. The book starts by considering the anatomy and ultrastructure of the lung and the tracheal and bronchial system, the control of respiration as well as the fundamentals of pulmonary physiology, gas exchange and circulation. This is followed by discussion of the regulation of acid-base balance, high altitude physiology and pathophysiology as well as exercise and the pulmonary system. Chapters follow on the immunology of the lung, lung injury, asthma and emphysema, granulomatous lung disease, inhalation of toxic substances as well as diseases of the small airways. The final chapter considers current research into lung transplantation.

Quick, one-stop tool to enhance communication, teamwork, and resuscitation performance.Enhance trainee skills during simulation and debriefing. Review with your trainees the key behavioral skills that contribute to enhanced communication, teamwork, and resuscitation performance. Printed on flexible plastic with adhesive mounting. Size: 17" x 22

Crash Course - your effective every-day study companion PLUS the perfect antidote for exam stress! Save time and be assured you have the essential information you need in one place to excel on your course and achieve exam success. A winning formula now for over 20 years, each series volume has been fine-tuned and fully updated - with an improved full-colour layout tailored to make your life easier. Especially written by senior students or junior doctors - those who understand what is essential for exam success - with all information thoroughly checked and quality assured by expert Faculty Advisers, the result are books which exactly meet your needs and you know you can trust. Each chapter guides you succinctly through the full range of curriculum topics, integrating clinical considerations with the relevant basic science and avoiding unnecessary or confusing detail. A range of text boxes help you get to the hints, tips and key points you need fast! A fully revised self-assessment section matching the latest exam formats is included to check your understanding and aid exam preparation. The accompanying enhanced, downloadable eBook completes this invaluable learning package. Series volumes have been honed to meet the requirements of today's medical students, although the range of other health students and professionals who need rapid access to the essentials of respiratory medicine will also love the unique approach of Crash Course. Whether you need to get out of a fix or aim for a distinction Crash Course is for you! Provides the exam syllabus in one place - saves valuable revision time Written by senior students and recent graduates - those closest to what is essential for exam success Quality assured by leading Faculty Advisors - ensures complete accuracy of information Features the ever popular 'Hints and Tips' boxes and other useful aide-memoires - distilled wisdom from those in the know Updated self-assessment section matching the latest exam formats - confirm your understanding and improve exam technique fast

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ranges amongst the commonest diseases in the world. The relentless progression of the disease causes a pressing need for a better understanding of and therapies for COPD. This volume provides state-of-the-art information on the pathophysiology of COPD including an outlook on new therapies. It is of interest to researchers and clinicians in academia as well as in the pharmaceutical industry.

'Excellent . . . analyses clearly and authoritatively how the coronavirus pandemic played out, what governments should have done, and what we need to do when it happens again - as it undoubtedly will' Financial Times 'You could not hope for a better guide to the pandemic world order than Debora MacKenzie, who's been on this story from the start. This is an authoritative yet readable explanation of how this catastrophe happened - and more important, how it will happen again if we don't change' Tim Harford, author of The Undercover Economist, Adapt and Messy 'This definitely deserves a read - the first of the post mortems by a writer who knows what she's talking about' Laura Spinney, author of Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How It Changed the World In a gripping, accessible narrative, a veteran science journalist lays out the shocking story of how the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic happened and how to make sure this never happens again Over the last 30 years of epidemics and pandemics, we learned every lesson needed to stop this coronavirus outbreak in its tracks. We heeded almost none of them. The result is a pandemic on a scale never before seen in our lifetimes. In this captivating, authoritative, and eye-opening book, science journalist Debora MacKenzie lays out the full story of how and why it happened: the previous viruses that should have prepared us, the shocking public health failures that paved the way, the failure to contain the outbreak, and most importantly, what we must do to prevent future pandemics. Debora MacKenzie has been reporting on emerging diseases for more than three decades, and she draws on that experience to explain how COVID-19 went from a potentially manageable outbreak to a global pandemic. Offering a compelling history of the most significant recent outbreaks, including SARS, MERS, H1N1, Zika, and Ebola, she gives a crash course in Epidemiology 101--how viruses spread and how pandemics end--and outlines the lessons we failed to learn from each past crisis. In vivid detail, she takes us through the arrival and spread of COVID-19, making clear the steps that governments knew they could have taken to prevent or at least prepare for this. Looking forward, MacKenzie makes a bold, optimistic argument: this pandemic might finally galvanize the world to take viruses seriously. Fighting this pandemic and preventing the next one will take political action of all kinds, globally, from governments, the scientific community, and individuals--but it is possible. No one has yet brought together our knowledge of COVID-19 in a comprehensive, informative, and accessible way. But that story can already be told, and Debora MacKenzie's urgent telling is required reading for these times and beyond. It is too early to say where the COVID-19 pandemic will go, but it is past time to talk about what went wrong and how we can do better.

This detailed book serves as a laboratory manual containing vital protocols and in-depth discussion involving commonly used experimental approaches for the characterization of several aspects of lung tumor biology. Beginning with an extensive section on biomarker detection, the volume continues with chapters on the genetic and molecular characterization of lung cancer biological samples as well as protocols for the generation of research tools and pre-clinical lung cancer models. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Lung Cancer: Methods and Protocols provides a global perspective of research efforts related to lung cancer, while allowing researchers to experimentally probe the different aspects of lung cancer research, including the experimentally relevant tests used in the establishment of lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis, in their laboratories.