The Iron Curtain was not an impenetrable divide, and contacts between East and West took place regularly and on various levels throughout the Cold War. This book explores how the European tourist industry transcended the ideological fault lines and the communist states attracted an ever-increasing number of Western tourists. Based on extensive original research, it examines the ramifications of tourism, from sun-and-sea package tours to human rights travels, in key Eastern European locations including East Berlin, the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Albania. The book's analysis of the politics, culture, and history of tourism to the East offers important new perspectives on European tourism in the twentieth century.

There is an unbridged gap between human aspirations to travel into space and the barriers to realizing such dreams. Despite optimistic predictions, a viable space tourism industry has yet to emerge, with only a handful of 'millionaire' space tourists having experienced travel in outer space. Space tourism remains an elusive dream. This is the first comprehensive, multidisciplinary work on the emergent phenomenon of space tourism. Leading specialists from a range of fields cover a wide spectrum of topics including the space history and technology underpinning current developments; space tourists' motivations; and the environmental, social, and legal aspects concomitant with a space tourism industry. The book is unique in its focus on virtual forms of space travel, such as those manifesting in virtual reality, films, and games. The volume takes a nuanced and critical approach to the development of aspirations to leave Earth, stressing the far-reaching implications for the environment and for human life and society on Earth. The book is written in an approachable manner, making it accessible to both academics and the interested general reader. Owing to its interdisciplinary character, it should be of interest to practitioners and teachers across the sciences, humanities, and social sciences.

Regional Sufi Centres in India: Significance and Contribution sets out to explore and understand the hundreds of years old multi-religious sect of India, "Sufism," which advocates humane and global outlook for entire mankind and regards humanity as a brotherhood. Sufism came to India from its Arabic Turkic and Persian homes, instead of remaining confined to palaces and mosques. It spread out to all over India establishing regional Centres and Dargahs often known by the surnames of the families which sustained it, like Khanqah-e-Niazia, in Bareilly (UP), Khanqah Gesu Daraz in Gulbarga, and Firdausi in Bihar. The authors of this volume discuss some of the regional Sufi Centres in India and their contribution in the social emancipation of the society. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Bhutan)

The economic imperative of sustainable tourism development frequently shapes life on small subtropical islands. In Okinawa, ecotourism promises to provide employment for a dwindling population of rural youth while preserving the natural environment and bolstering regional pride. Footprints in Paradise explores the transformation in community and sense of place as Okinawans come to view themselves through the lens of the visiting tourist consumer, and as their language, landscapes, and wildlife are reconstituted as treasured and vulnerable resources. The rediscovery and revaluing of local ecological knowledge strengthens Okinawan or Uchinaa cultural heritage, despite the controversial presence of US military bases amidst a hegemonic Japanese state.

Tourism has been gaining importance in recent decades with its increasing socio-economic, geo-political, and ecological contributions, including its potential contribution to GDP, foreign exchange, and international business. At this juncture, an assessment and analysis of the scope, opportunities, and challenges of tourism and hospitality entrepreneurship is essential to the economic development of numerous countries. Global Entrepreneurial Trends in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry is a pivotal reference source that provides conceptualized ideas regarding the scope, prospects, and challenges of tourism and hospitality entrepreneurship. While highlighting topics such as destination tourism, multigenerational travel, and social entrepreneurship, this publication explores the relationship among tourism, hotel management, transportations, international trade, cargo and supply chain management, as well as the inter-linkages among various sectors and sub-sectors of the tourism industry. This book is ideally designed for entrepreneurs, directors, restaurateurs, travel agents, hotel management, industry professionals, academics, professors, and students.

This book uniquely focuses on human rights issues associated with tourism development and tourism businesses. Tourism is a manifestation of globalization and it intersects with human rights on so many levels. These implications are increasingly relevant in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent global economic hardship. Split into two main sections, the first establishes a background to human rights issues with reference to tourism, and the second provides a multi-disciplinary analysis of a range of selected human rights issues in tourism; these include displacement, security, privacy, discrimination, freedom of movement, the rights of Indigenous people, sex tourism and labour conditions. All chapters include case studies to showcase specific issues such as legal rulings or tourism policies/regulations. This book is written by a highly regarded team of authors specializing in tourism studies and human rights law. This significant volume on the interaction between tourism development and the safeguarding of human rights will be of interest to a variety of disciplines, in the fields of tourism, political science and tourism/human rights.

This book emphasises the work, the remarkable contributions, and the lifetime achievements of internationally respected scholars who have made lifelong contribution to advancing tourism studies and the dissemination of tourism-based knowledge and education across the world. Strengthening a field and its ability to form the own traditions is undoubtedly possible with a bridge to be established between the past, present and future. The capacity of research carried out today and in the future is built on the outputs of education and research completed in the past, adding new links to the chain. The history of tourism studies and education dates to the early years of the 20th century and began recording a momentum in its second half. There is, therefore, a lot more to do in terms of the institutionalization of such a young and dynamic field and this book aims to introduce tourism scholars with their widest geographical representation, dating from the first years of tourism research back in the early 1900s. Volume I of IV includes tributes to 20 scholars who have defined tourism as an object of academic study, established its foundations and organisations, and widened its scope to encompass thousands of empirical studies. Each of these volumes contains different profiles thereby bringing 80 of the pioneers in tourism more vividly to life. This book was originally published as a special issue of Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research.

This book emphasises the work, the remarkable contributions, and the lifetime achievements of internationally respected scholars who have made lifelong contribution to advancing tourism studies and the dissemination of tourism-based knowledge and education across the world. Strengthening a field and its ability to form the own traditions is undoubtedly possible with a bridge to be established between the past, present and future. The capacity of research carried out today and in the future is built on the outputs of education and research completed in the past, adding new links to the chain. The history of tourism studies and education dates to the early years of the 20th century and began recording a momentum in its second half. There is, therefore, a lot more to do in terms of the institutionalization of such a young and dynamic field and this book aims to introduce tourism scholars with their widest geographical representation, dating from the first years of tourism research back in the early 1900s. Volume II of IV includes tributes to 20 scholars who have defined tourism as an object of academic study, established its foundations and organisations, and widened its scope to encompass thousands of empirical studies. Each of these volumes contains different profiles thereby bringing 80 of the pioneers in tourism more vividly to life. This book was originally published as a special issue of Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research.

This book emphasises the work, the remarkable contributions, and the lifetime achievements of internationally respected scholars who have made lifelong contribution to advancing tourism studies and the dissemination of tourism-based knowledge and education across the world. Strengthening a field and its ability to form the own traditions is undoubtedly possible with a bridge to be established between the past, present and future. The capacity of research carried out today and in the future is built on the outputs of education and research completed in the past, adding new links to the chain. The history of tourism studies and education dates to the early years of the 20th century and began recording a momentum in its second half. There is, therefore, a lot more to do in terms of the institutionalization of such a young and dynamic field and this book aims to introduce tourism scholars with their widest geographical representation, dating from the first years of tourism research back in the early 1900s. Volume III of IV includes tributes to 20 scholars who have defined tourism as an object of academic study, established its foundations and organisations, and widened its scope to encompass thousands of empirical studies. Each of these volumes contains different profiles thereby bringing 80 of the pioneers in tourism more vividly to life. This book was originally published as a special issue of Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research.

Tourism is a major global industry and continues to expand at a rapid rate. This two-volume collection of key published articles provides a comprehensive and much needed overview of the economics of tourism. Many of these articles are not readily available as they have been published in a range of non-economics journals. This reflects partly the presence of specialised journals devoted to tourism and partly the interdisciplinary nature of the subject. The editor has prepared an authoritative introduction, which not only presents an overview of the contents of each volume, introducing the subject to a wider non-specialist audience, but also provides insights and critical comments. The first volume concentrates on the basic economics of tourism. It covers the nature and role of tourism economics, determinants of tourism demand and the forecasting of such demand, supply-side aspects of tourism including industrial organization and issues in managerial economics, and public finance and public economics in relation to tourism. The second volume examines wider matters such as impact analyses of tourism, international tourism, tourism in developing countries and its role in economic development, and sustainability and environmental aspects of tourism. This book is a valuable reference for researchers, students and policymakers interested in tourism economics and tourism management, as well as non-specialists seeking an introduction to the subject.

Adventure tourism is an increasingly widespread phenomenon, appealing to an expanding proportion of the population who seek new destinations and new experiences. This timely, edited volume offers new theoretical perspectives of this emerging subset of Tourism. it uses philosophical and cutting edge empirically grounded research to challenge existing thinking and develop the conceptual framework underpinning definitions of adventure, interrogating the adventure tourism experience and further building upon recent advances in adventure education. The book brings together adventure literature from range of disciplines and applies it to focused study of Adventure Tourism. By doing so it significantly furthers understanding and moves forward this development of this area of Tourism. This significant volume is written by leading academics in the area, and will be valuable reading for all those interested in Adventure Tourism.

The town of Longyearbyen in the high Arctic is the world's northernmost settlement. Here, climate change is happening fast. It is clearly seen and sensed by the locals; with higher temperatures, more rain and permafrost thaw. At the same time, the town is shifting from state-controlled coal production to tourism, research and development, rapidly globalising, with numerous languages spoken, cruise ships sounding the horn in the harbour and planes landing and taking off. Zdenka Sokolí�ková lived here between 2019 and 2021, and her research in the community uncovered a story about the conflict between sustainability and the driving forces of politics and economy in the rich global North. A small town of 2,400 inhabitants at 78 degrees latitude north on the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard, Longyearbyen provided a unique view into the unmistakable relationship between global capitalism and climate change. The Paradox of Svalbard looks at both local and global trends to access a deep understanding of the effects of tourism, immigration, labour and many other elements on the trajectory of climate crisis, and whether anything can be done to reverse them.

This book addresses tourism and its development in the post-communist context of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Although it has been over 30 years since many countries of Central and Eastern Europe embarked on the path of transition from state socialism to capitalism and liberal democracy, the ongoing atrocious events in Ukraine bluntly remind us that the perception of CEE as a ‘transition’ region may have been done away with too early and that the legacies of communism continue to influence the reality of the region. Tourism is no exception here. While on the one hand, tourism has significantly contributed to the post-communist restructuring of CEE, on the other, the communist heritage has played (and still plays) an important role in shaping the tourism geographies of the CEE region. The book consists of 14 chapters (divided into two sections), a new introduction and a reflective concluding section. All 14 main chapters in this book were originally published in the Tourism Geographies journal. The aim of the book is two-fold. First, it summarises, distils and highlights the important and often ground-breaking contributions Tourism Geographies has made over the years to the debate on tourism in CEE. Second, it lays foundations for further research on tourism in the post-communist states of CEE. This book will be of great interest to upper-level students, researchers, and academics in various disciplines – human geography, politics, sociology, and tourism studies in general.

This book aims to curate a collection of articles to showcase the latest work and biggest trends shaping the global tourism industry in the past two decades - new technology and the Chinese tourists. While the emergence of new technology continues to propel the evolution of the tourism industry, Chinese tourists as a dominating market have won increasing attention across worldwide destinations. On one hand, the vast advancement of technology has fundamentally shifted the way Chinese tourists travel. On the other hand, the arrival of technologically savvy Chinese tourists has provoked tourism providers and destinations to adopt innovative technology (e.g., mobile payment). Standing on the edge of the third decade of the twenty-first century, the tourism industry and scholarly community are facing unprecedented challenges amidst exciting opportunities. Particularly, this line of research is perhaps timelier than ever, with the pandemic physically distancing people whilst augmenting technology's function in mediating social interactions and connecting lives beyond geographic boundaries. New Technology and Mediated Chinese Tourists will be a great resource for researchers and students of Tourism and Hospitality including those interested to understand how innovation and technology is embedded in the tourism industry. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of China Tourism Research.

Focusing on the future of tourism, Sustainable Tourism Dialogues in Africa is inclusive of experienced and emerging researchers, as well as incorporating local stakeholders in the tourism industry: architects, tourism operators, sustainable tourism lobbyists, policy makers, archaeologists, and geographers. The editors are frontline sustainable tourism advocates in Africa, and the book's thematic content is derived from 30 inter-university seminars on sustainable tourism hosted by Sustainable Travel & Tourism Agenda Kenya from 2017 to November 2019. These seminars involved the participation of 17 universities in Kenya, tourism operators, conservationists, developmentalists, investors, policy makers, and students. Every chapter is a voice projecting aspirations for the responsible management of tourism in Africa and promoting the ideals of sustainable tourism that young people in Africa advocate for the industry's future. In so doing, the authors pinpoint the necessary actions for bringing about transformations in sustainable development of tourism. The book thus seeks to encourage debate, while facilitating the development of both theoretical and practical foundations for managing tourism sustainably in Africa.

The Aging Consumer: Perspectives from Psychology and Marketing, 2nd edition takes stock of what is known around age and consumer behavior, identifies gaps and open questions within the research, and outlines an agenda for future research. There has been little systematic research done with respect to the most basic questions related to age and consumer behavior, such as whether older adults versus young and middle-age adults respond to marketing activities including pricing, promotions, product design, and distribution. Written by experts, The Aging Consumer compiles research on a broad range of topics on consumer marketing, from an individual to a societal level of analysis. This second edition provides new versions of chapters contained in the 2010 volume that have been updated to reflect the latest psychological and marketing research and thinking. Included also are ten new chapters which cover exciting new ground, such as changes in metacognition in older adults, motivated cognition of the aging consumer, and a global perspective on aging and the economy across cultures. This updated volume is beneficial for researchers and practitioners in marketing, consumer behavior, and advertising. Additionally, The Aging Consumer, 2nd edition will appeal to professionals in other fields such as psychology, decision sciences, gerontology and gerontological social work, and those who are concerned with normal human aging and its implications for the everyday behavior of older individuals. It will also be of interest to those in fields concerned with the societal implications of an aging population, such as economics, policy, and law.

Containing some of the most recent and original studies on parking regulation and management from different disciplines, this book offers rigorous analysis from top researchers with a clear intention to deliver policy implications and provide information to the public. The book is organized according to a variety of key topics. Among others, it covers the interaction of parking with other modes of transportation and its demand, its pricing and external effects, the role of information and digitalization, and the effects of regulation and its enforcement. Also, it includes the views of practitioners, who discuss present parking in cities and the future of its management. Written primarily for scholars interested in transportation, mobility, planning and urban affairs, this book is also directly relevant to practitioners and policymakers in government with responsibilities in mobility. Additionally, the book will be of interest to the private sector as it offers a practical link between rigorous academic analyses and the needs of practitioners.

The Adventure Tourist: Being, Knowing, Becoming brings together two broad areas of academic inquiry - adventure tourism and hospitality studies. In situating the adventure tourist within social, cultural, political, and geographic contexts, The Adventure Tourist considers the adventure experience and offers new ways in which this can be more deeply analysed and interpreted. Focused on the personal tourist experience and what it means to seek adventure through tourism in an uncertain and troubled world, Farkic and Gebbels question the dynamic interactions in modern commodified adventure tourism practice. By questioning hospitality services through philosophical and sociological concepts, focus is maintained on the agency of the individual, bringing into discussion the senses, emotions, and desires of those who consume outdoor spaces globally. The Adventure Tourist responds to the requirements of the outdoor adventure industry today and considers how engagement with theory can inform, challenge and support real-world scenarios in this sector.

Mountainous and rural areas throughout the world have continually been attributed with several hinderances including poverty, faulty governance, and susceptibility to natural disasters. However, with the recent development of tourism, these provinces have seen a strong rise in visitation. Despite this increase in economic sustainability, planners are still presented with many challenges as they try to balance developmental and ecological considerations. Global Opportunities and Challenges for Rural and Mountain Tourism provides emerging research exploring the integration of mountain tourism development and innovative practices for managing contemporary issues and challenges of tourism in these regions including socio-economic impacts, role of stakeholders, and promotional strategies for sustainable tourism development. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as cultural heritage, marketing strategies, and value chain systems, this book is ideally designed for travel agents, tour directors, tour developers, hotel managers, hospitality and tourism professionals, industry practitioners, researchers, geographical scientists, planners, academicians, and students.

A key feature of the tourism system is its ability to adapt to new demands while generating others. Tourism's capacity for renewal is based largely on a balance between competitiveness and opportunity to transform places and objects or even people into socioeconomic resources. The modern tourist has become more aware of the pitfalls of mass tourism, leading to a growing demand for variety. As a consequence of environmental awareness, tourism has been shown to be one of the economic activities that contribute most to the deterioration of the landscape. Today a reinterpretation of the negative effects of conventional tourism has emerged, resulting in the gradual appearance of prestigious tourism offers based largely on demand for authentic 'nature' and 'culture' experiences. This type of tourism is often associated with responsibility, participation and sustainability. Tourism planners are aware of this fact and have therefore adapted their products and destinations to new market demands. All this can affect the identity of the local people and the landscape of the destination; the challenge entails studying ways to preserve the natural and cultural heritage while avoiding the undesirable effects of new forms of tourism. The selection of papers presented in this book deal with cultural tourism, and comprises case studies and theoretical contributions. The volume addresses issues of cultural tourism management, demand analysis, post-tourism, new forms of tourism, cultural effects on destinations and products of sustainable cultural tourism.

As a service-oriented industry and with its distinctive characteristics, tourism is based on experiences. It is necessary to provide the highest level of service and to keep the quality of interaction at a certain level. In the tourism industry, differentiation and new perspectives are needed in order to increase the quality of experiences and to have a different position in the minds of individuals than competitors. There is a crucial role of efficient management of business processes in order to ascertain this differentiation. Herein, especially in tourism and hospitality industry, the pursuance of new tendencies will provide substantial benefits to the relevant enterprises at all of these processes. From this point of view, with this book, the aim is to guide tourism organizations in terms of improving service encounter processes and quality of experiences by giving crucial tips about current managerial perspectives and practices.

For centuries, the English Lake District has been renowned as an important cultural, sacred and literary landscape. It is therefore surprising that there has so far been no in-depth critical examination of the Lake District from a tourism and heritage perspective. Bringing together leading writers from a wide range of disciplines, this book explores the tourism history and heritage of the Lake District and its construction as a cultural landscape from the mid eighteenth century to the present day. It critically analyses the relationships between history, heritage, landscape, culture and policy that underlie the activities of the National Park, Cumbria Tourism and the proposals to recognise the Lake District as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It examines all aspects of the Lake District's history and identity, brings the story up to date and looks at current issues in conservation, policy and tourism marketing. In doing so, it not only provides a unique and valuable analysis of this region, but offers insights into the history of cultural and heritage tourism in Britain and beyond.

Ambiance, Tourism and the City considers how tourism and urban development affect the lived ambiances of contemporary cities around the world. As most of the existing literature on sensory atmospheres says little about the intersection between tourism and atmospheric production, this book affirms the centrality of the notion of ambiance as a mode of inquiry into the making and remaking of urban places for tourist consumption. The book takes the reader into the sensory worlds of a traditional Italian marketplace, a jungle park in Kuala Lumpur, a slum in the Colombian city of Medellín, or the "sun and sand" tourism destinations in Southern Spain, among other case studies. It offers new insights into the impact of tourism on the urban environment from multidisciplinary perspectives and a wide range of geographical regions across Europe, North America, Asia, and South America. Through these contemporary case studies, the book further deepens our understanding of the ways in which "ambiances" and "atmospheres" pervade the physical regeneration and sensory transformation of contemporary tourist destinations. Conversely, this book offers insights on the effects of tourism on everyday urban experience. By bringing together a diverse group of scholars and case studies to present a global perspective on the atmospheric production of the tourist city, this book is to serve as a valuable reference tool for researchers and undergraduate and postgraduate students with an interest in urban ambiances, tourism, cultural geography, and urban planning.

Tourists frequently rely on social networks to provide information about a product or destination as a decision support tool to make adequate decisions in the process of planning a trip. In this digital environment, tourists share their travel experiences, impressions, emotions, special moments, and opinions about an assortment of tourist services like hotels, restaurants, airlines, and car rental services, all of which contribute to the online reputation of a tourist destination. The Handbook of Research on Social Media Applications for the Tourism and Hospitality Sector is a fundamental reference source that provides vital theoretical frameworks and the latest innovative empirical research findings of online social media in the tourism industry. While highlighting topics such as e-business, mobile marketing, and smart tourism, this publication explores user-generated content and the methods of mobile strategies. This book is ideally designed for tour developers, travel agents, restaurateurs, hotel management, tour directors, entrepreneurs, social media analysts, managers, industry professionals, academicians, researchers, and students.

Diasporic Mobilities on Vacation is a nuanced exploration of the embodied and affective practices of Moroccans from Europe visiting Morocco for summer vacation. Rather than characterizing them as uncomfortably split between homelands, this book focuses on how their touristic leisure practices create their own space of diasporic belonging. An expert on Moroccan diaspora communities and mobile lifestyles, the book draws on multi-sited and mobile ethnographic research to take the reader along on the journey 'home' and experience the daily lives of diasporic visitors. Their practices, activities, and encounters on vacation offer insights into larger issues of class, leisure consumption, and transnational belonging in South-to-North migration contexts. Concretely, the book shows how these holiday encounters simultaneously generate integration into Morocco for migrant descendants who can feel at 'home' in this homeland, and differentiation from others in how they embody 'Moroccaness' as social and material actors. This book shows how seemingly frivolous practices of leisure have material consequences for individuals who belong across homelands. Positioned at the intersection of migration studies, leisure and tourism mobilities, and ethnomethodology and practice theory, this book is a worthwhile read for scholars and students-indeed, anyone questioning or experiencing problems of belonging in transnational and diasporic contexts.