This is the first book of its kind to examine railway heritage in the context of tourism in a comprehensive, internationally relevant manner. It explores the challenges faced by developers and operators of railway heritage destinations including financial, legal and managerial sustainability in the modern tourism industry. These themes are exemplified by a variety of case studies of railway heritage in tourism from regions around the world including North, Central and South America, the Caribbean, Europe, and Australasia. The volume will be of particular interest to scholars of cultural tourism as well as researchers and practitioners of industrial heritage tourism, along with graduate and senior undergraduate students.

The book is devoted to the analysis of promotional material of tourist activities on tourism websites, including walking, dining, and visiting natural and cultural heritage sights, as instances of multimodal texts through a case study of Croatian and Scottish tourism websites.

This book provides a systematic, country-by-country analysis of tourism policy, planning and organisation in the EU. Its main objective is to explore 21st century policy responses to the global challenges shaping tourism planning and organisation systems in the EU. The book offers a new critical approach to comparative policy analysis of EU member states and focuses on six key themes: territory, actors and structures, economics, policy, methods and techniques and vision. The book is designed primarily for undergraduate and postgraduate tourism students and researchers. The book will also be useful for industry practitioners who would like to engage in the theoretical principles and the conceptualisation of planning and organisation systems.

Religious studies and research have gained a lot of interest and attention from researchers, policy makers, and practitioners over the last few years, but the socio-economic impacts have not been explored. Taking into account the profound economic impact the tourism and hospitality industries can have on regions and cities around the world, further research in this area is critical to analyze the extent of such impact and the ramifications that are associated with it. The Handbook of Research on Socio-Economic Impacts of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the social and economic factors in faith-based journeys. While highlighting topics such as tourist spending, spiritual tourism, and local development, this publication explores religious tourism in the middle age, as well as the methods of modern religious tourism. This book is ideally designed for business managers, cultural preservationists, academicians, business professionals, entrepreneurs, and upper-level students seeking current research on religious tourism and its socio-economic impacts.

Events MISmanagement is unique text as it looks at events from a very different perspective - that of how and why events fail and what can be learnt from this in both a practical and academic perspective. Using a wealth of international case studies and examples, the text examines: * Why events fail * What can we learn from event failure * How we can improve practice through learning about event failure * How events can be safer / risk adverse * How to reduce the chance of events failing * A wide range of international examples appealing to a wider audience Each chapter is designed to explore different aspects of how and why events fail and what we can learn from these. Many events fail due to poor planning or human failure and this new text is aimed at understanding how to overcome these issues or reduce the likelihood of failure in the future. The volume provides a case study approach to the event planning process with the cases illustrating how core planning theory and concepts fails to emerge in practice and why. This provides a consistent thread throughout the entire text to link each chapter succinctly.

The Holiday Makers is thought-provoking and profound in its analysis of the present and future patterns of work and leisure. The author analyses the different forms of tourism, examines the effects on the indigenous countries and their people, and outlines positive steps to reconcile people's holiday requirements with the world's economic and social structures.

Written by leading international tourism researchers, this book examines the key trends in European tourism planning and organisation. It introduces a theoretical framework to tourism planning and organisation using a procedural and structural approach. Despite having a European focus, it is globally relevant as many lessons from Europe can be applied to international tourism development. The book identifies and discusses six key themes in the context of European tourism planning and organisation: territory, actors and structures, economics, policy, methods and techniques and vision. It also identifies leading and emerging practices and offers a new vision for European tourism planning.

Brazil, like several countries in Africa, has become a major destination for African American tourists seeking the cultural roots of the black Atlantic diaspora. Drawing on over a decade of ethnographic research as well as textual, visual, and archival sources, Patricia de Santana Pinho investigates African American roots tourism, a complex, poignant kind of travel that provides profound personal and collective meaning for those searching for black identity and heritage. It also provides, as Pinho's interviews with Brazilian tour guides, state officials, and Afro-Brazilian activists reveal, economic and political rewards that support a structured industry. Pinho traces the origins of roots tourism to the late 1970s, when groups of black intellectuals, artists, and activists found themselves drawn especially to Bahia, the state that in previous centuries had absorbed the largest number of enslaved Africans. African Americans have become frequent travelers across what Pinho calls the ""map of Africanness"" that connects diasporic communities and stimulates transnational solidarities while simultaneously exposing the unevenness of the black diaspora. Roots tourism, Pinho finds, is a fertile site to examine the tensions between racial and national identities as well as the gendered dimensions of travel, particularly when women are the major roots-seekers.

* Explores the most effective digital marketing strategies and campaigns * Investigates the current status of digital marketing and social media utilization by both travellers and service providers * Provides a view to the future of future digital marketing and social media research trends Digital marketing and online social media platforms have become the cornerstones to the success of places and accommodation. This edited volume investigates the current status of digital marketing and social media utilization by both travellers and service providers and explores future digital marketing and social media research trends. Part of the Advances in Tourism Marketing Series - a series of cutting-edge research-informed edited books that introduce the reader to a range of contemporary marketing phenomena in the domain of travel and tourism. Series editors: Alan Fyall, UCF, USA, Metin Kozak, Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey and Antonia Correia, Universidade do Algarve, Portugal.

Writing a dissertation can be a daunting topic - Researching Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality for Dissertations and Theses 2nd edn is a unique text that takes away the stress, worry and confusion by providing a step-by-step, user friendly guide to all you need to know to successfully research and compile your dissertation or thesis. Now in its second edition, this bestselling text has been fully revised and updated, and now includes two new chapters looking at conducting mixed methods research, as well as analysing mixed methods research. * Clearly links research processes with the presentation of these in the writing of dissertations and theses. * Draws on the work of undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD students the author has supervised, over 30 years to provide examples of dissertation/theses material. * Uses case studies/examples based on the author's own peer reviewed research. * Written in an accessible style. * Presents tried and tested student activities. It provides a discussion of research approaches, looking at key differences and similarities. A critical evaluation of these different approaches is provided and, importantly, a discussion on selecting the appropriate approach(es) for your dissertation. It takes the reader from the initial idea and topics, through the literature review, methodology, presenting and analysing results and successfully making conclusions. Unlike other texts available, this book includes case studies based on the author's own research, as well as students' work, to demonstrate different research approaches and techniques, providing an opportunity for criticism and a discussion on 'learning from mistakes.' A must-have text for all students on how best to conduct research, compile your findings and to present them in the resulting dissertation.

Now in its Fourth Edition, this bestselling key text has been fully revised and updated and includes two new chapters on Evaluation and Impact of Events and The Future of the Events Industry. Packed with case studies, both in-text and online, Events Management: Principles and Practice takes the reader through the whole process of events management looking at the following key areas: * Concepts and Management: including entrepreneurship and human resource issues * Finance and Law: including costing, project management and risk management * Marketing and Media: including social media, multimedia technology, sponsorship and PR * Preparation and Operation: including logistics, design, crowd control and conventions * Events and Beyond: including sustainability, impacts, legacies and issues for the future of events Each of the five parts take the reader through a complete journey looking at key theories, current issues and concerns and uses international case studies to consolidate the learning. A must-have text for all students of events management.

The rapid growth and development of global transportation and communication technology systems are some key 21st century drivers, which provide faster, more accessible inter-continental connectivity, continuity, convergence and collaboration to create billions of opportunities for global citizens. Through this tourism has become one of the world's most vital, vibrant, volatile and value-oriented service industries. However, sometimes this mobility may be a great cause of unprecedented pandemics. Recent extensive viral outbreaks such as Zika, Ebola, Swine Flu and the global spanning COVID-19 pandemic have had a momentary disruptive impact of the mobility of tourists and devastated the tourism industry to continue operating. Virus Outbreaks and Tourism Mobility: Strategies to Counter Global Health Hazards uses innovative and cutting-edge research to map out the background and impacts of national, regional and international viral outbreaks. With case studies exploring the strategic responses and management of these crises, with perspectives offered on local economies, tourist destinations or the transport and aviation services, this study focuses on illuminating new viewpoints to help build effective strategic responses to global health hazards.

Archaeological sites opened to the public, and especially those highly photogenic sites that have achieved iconic status, are often major tourist attractions. By opening an archaeological site to tourism, threats and opportunities will emerge.The threats are to the archaeological record, the pre-historic or historic materials in context at the site that can provide facts about human history and the human relationship to the environment. The opportunities are to share what can be learned at archaeological sites and how it can be learned. The latter is important because doing so can build a public constituency for archaeology that appreciates and will support the potential of archaeology to contribute to conversations about contemporary issues, such as the root causes and possible solutions to conflict among humans and the social implications of environmental degradation. In this volume we will consider factors that render effective management of archaeological sites open to the public feasible, and therefore sustainable. We approach this in two ways: The first is by presenting some promising ways to assess and enhance the feasibility of establishing effective management. Assessing feasibility involves examining tourism potential, which must consider the demographic sectors from which visitors to the site are drawn or might be in the future, identifying preservation issues associated with hosting visitors from the various demographic sectors, and the possibility and means by which local communities might be engaged in identifying issues and generating long-term support for effective management. The second part of the book will provide brief case studies of places and ways in which the feasibility of sustainable management has been improved.

The global wellness industry is currently valued at $4.4 trillion and wellness in hospitality and tourism is one of the fastest-growing travel segments. Wellness Management in Hospitality and Tourism is the first text that: * discusses and evaluates the design, operation and management of a wellness event in food service, hospitality and tourism businesses. * evaluates the implementation of wellness management programs in food service, hospitality and tourism businesses. * identifies and describes wellness customer segments within food service, hospitality and tourism businesses. Comprised of 14 chapters - one for every week of a semester - that study the science behind the trends and look at every aspect of health and wellness across the tourism and hospitality industries, this text provides students with the skills and knowledge to become a leader in the development of this new wave of exciting, nutritious, safe and profitable health and wellness products, services and practices. Packed with international case studies and written in a user-friendly style, Wellness Management in Hospitality and Tourism looks at the following key areas and more: * Typologies, scope and segments in health and wellness * Management of wellness amenities and facilities in foodservice, hospitality and tourism businesses * Analysing and managing health and wellness programs and offerings in foodservice, hospitality, and tourism businesses * Health and wellness food and beverage trends * Wellness during crises and pandemics * The Future of wellness management in foodservice, hospitality, and tourism businesses

Over the past hundred years, tourism has evolved into the world's biggest business, and few countries today question the common wisdom that the road to economic development is paved with tourist dollars. Yet questions should be raised, Patricia Goldstone argues in this path-breaking book on the social and political impacts of tourism. She examines for the first time the close connections between business and politics as government and industry leaders work together to reengineer political trouble spots into tourist destinations in places like Ireland, Turkey, and Cuba. She also probes the impact of tourism on diverse cultures.

In a keenly perceptive account of the history of tourism in the twentieth century, the book tells how and why tourism aligned itself with political power, how it became embedded within such nontourist institutions as the World Bank, and how since World War II it has become an instrument of international development policy. In detailed case studies that are also compelling travel narratives, Goldstone documents the effects of tourism on local people, including its tendency to lead governments toward greater social repression. She offers fascinating insights into the ironies of modern tourism -- how, for example, it can insulate tourists from the very things they seek to encounter, and how, despite its preservational efforts, tourism can affect a culture in complex, sometimes troubling, ways.

The growth and increased popularity of cruises is accompanied by a number of sustainability issues concerning the environment, the port economies and societies; on board and at shore. The sustainability imperative ultimately leads to operational, economical as well as image-related challenges for the sector's decision-makers and stakeholders. This collection of peer-reviewed papers, presented during the 3rd International Cruise Conference (Dubrovnik, Croatia), seeks to address those issues and contribute to their management in the mid-term."

This book describes ongoing developments in social media within the tourism and hospitality sector, highlighting impacts on both the demand and the supply side. It offers a combination of theory and practice, with discussion of real-life business experiences. The book is divided into three parts, the first of which provides an overview of recent trends in social media and user-generated content, clarifies concepts that are often used in an overlapping way and examines the "digitization of word of mouth" via online networks. The second part analyzes the impacts that social media can have on traveler behavior for each step in the travel process and also on suppliers, highlighting opportunities, threats and strategies. In the third part of the book, future potential trends deriving from the mobile marketing technologies are explored and possible methods for social monitoring by means of key performance indicators are examined. It is considered how engaging customers and prospects by means of social media might increase customer loyalty, foster electronic word-of-mouth communication, and consequently have important effects on corporate sales and revenues. The discussion encompasses methods to measure company performance on each of the social media in order to understand the optimal mix that will support and improve business strategies.

Tour guides, a highly responsible group of professionals who are in direct communication with tourists traveling around the world, have a great impact on the proper promotion of the culture of countries, global peace, and tolerance. Additionally, they are also effective in the preservation of world natural heritage. Thus, the educational status of tour guides, as well as the characteristics and ethical values that they should possess, need to be examined on an international scale. In today's world, where tourism demand is directed towards all types of tourism, practices in special interest tourism should be customized in order to ensure the highest level of service quality and cultural appreciation. Cases on Tour Guide Practices for Alternative Tourism provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of the occupational issues that surround tour guides and their applications within international tourism. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as cultural education, specialized learning, and international business, this book is ideally designed for tour guides, travel agencies, tour managers, tour developers, heritage sites, museums, academicians, researchers, students, industry experts, and hospitality professionals.

New rules on distance contracts provided for the Consumer Rights Directive of 25 October 2011 do not apply to package holidays or contracts falling within the scope of the Timeshare Directive. Moreover, contracts for passenger transport services and contracts for the provision of accommodation, car rental, catering or leisure services if the contract provides for a specific date or period of performance are not covered by some of these rules. Yet measures aimed at protecting the consumer when a contract is concluded via the phone, the Internet, by mail or other means of distance communication play a role in tourism. This book helps readers to navigate through uncertainties in travel contracts regarding information requirements, the right of withdrawal or providing alternative services. Findings reveal that consumer acquis is inadequately adapted to the features of the tourism industry when an optional instrument based on the Draft Common Frame of Reference might be used in the future.

For many decades, the global business events industry operated under the illusion that business event legacies are best measured in terms of coffee cups and hotel rooms. Business Event Legacies: Global industry case studies demonstrates that in fact the tourism contribution made by business events is just the tip of a very big legacy iceberg. The substantial legacies that business events make to academic disciplines, industry and community go 'beyond tourism' and are much more significant. Business Event Legacies: Global industry case studies provides a cutting edge understanding of the legacy in the field of business events, crucial to the future of the industry. Through eight case studies this book will explore how business events are a collision space for ideas, brokering new innovations, generating trade and investment, supporting local communities, academics, industry, and government agendas, and driving knowledge economies. The text begins by explaining the paradigm shift in the understanding of business event legacies, and moves on to introduce a revolutionary six-step plan to analyse legacy success. The proceeding case studies then illustrate how the six-step analysis can be put into practice. Business Event Legacies: Global industry case studies provides: * A comprehensive range of documented business event legacies available * A global range of case studies representing key business events destinations including London, Sydney, Uruguay, Copenhagen, Geneva, Kuching: Malaysia, and Jonkoping: Sweden. * Methodologies for evaluating the legacies and impacts of business events for communities, industries, and government. * Information/understandings crucial for educating future business event professionals * Suggestions for advances in business events education and a future research agenda. Based on robust research framed by the authors' deep understanding of business events, Business Event Legacies: Global industry case studies is a must have text for undergraduate and postgraduate students engaged in the business events sector, academic researchers and practitioners, including executive and marketing staff of convention bureaux and convention centres, as well as professional conference organisers and destination managers.

This book, which has benefited from professional know-why and know-how of its authors in the United Nations World Tourism Organization and several universities, articulates and debates the concept and methodology of tourism-assisted development. The study examines the theoretical bases of contemporary real-case development projects and illustrates the way tourism can effectively and efficiently focus on development issues, while minimizing undesired impacts on the natural and cultural environments. It analyzes the key role of institutions, both in setting the framework for tourism competitiveness and sustainability and in addressing the main strategic concerns of development. Theoretical considerations on the role of tourism as a tool for development-related public and private policies are followed by a methodological framework for tourism policy and governance and application of these in real-world situations. Several chapters offer practical recommendations, particularly in relation to tourism strategic positioning, competitiveness, and sustainability, and case studies exemplify a range of issues raised in tourism-assisted development.

The process of globalization based on major forms of entertainment consumption has promoted the interest of enlarged social actors toward cultural experiencing. Disseminated by social media, new forms of information and knowledge about exotic tourism destinations have endorsed an increasing interest in forms of cultural tourism. This cultural tourism turnout results from a significant change in the traveler's demands and behaviors and has led to a new and renovated interest in cultural heritage that must be studied further. The Handbook of Research on Cultural Tourism and Sustainability explores theoretical concepts related to cultural tourism and cultural routes and provides original viewpoints and empirical research with case studies and best practices for the future of cultural tourism. Covering a range of topics such as creative tourism and sustainable tourism, this major reference work is ideal for academicians, practitioners, professionals, policymakers, government officials, instructors, and students.

Based on the assumption that without understanding institutions, economists cannot make satisfactory policy prescriptions, this book draws some insightful conclusions on the strengths and limitations of applied economics in the field of heritage. Sicily provides an interesting and unique backdrop against which the study is set, demonstrating the economic complexities of heritage and the range of economic tools and concepts which can be employed to analyse it. The book is a compilation of various approaches that economists trained in different branches of economics have brought to bear on heritage. It considers the political economy of heritage policy from a variety of different perspectives. These include a study of the economic problems of defining and valuing culture and, through detailed case studies in the economics of regulation, an examination of the incentives and principal-agent problems in the management of heritage policy. The authors move on to discuss the public choice view of fiscal federalism and look at the problems of assessing the efficiency of policy measures. Finally, they provide an interesting overview of the national experiences of France, Scotland and Italy in terms of heritage policy. Taking a new institutional approach, this book is as much a concise manual of applied economics as a contribution to cultural economics. It stresses the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the study of heritage and offers a unique opportunity to understand law-making and administrative procedures in the civil code tradition. It will be essential reading for students, researchers and academics of cultural economics, as well as policymakers wanting to assess the value and efficiency of heritage policies.

Tourism is a dynamic part of our economy. The global hospitality and tourism industry, which blends the lodging, food, attractions, cultural, and travel industries, is the world's largest industry with $4.5 trillion in expenditures generating 212 million jobs. Dynamic market forces such as global competition, changing customer expectations, and new communication technology combined with career challenges due to ongoing industry consolidation and corporate restructuring mandate continuous learning and the sharing of ideas. Global Hospitality and Tourism Management Technologies is a comprehensive collection which aims to be a source of information for all those interested in tourism and hospitality management, approaches, and trends, as well as to cover the emerging research topics which seek to define the future of IT and cultural development in the 21st century. The book provides a reference for policymakers, government officers, academics, and practitioners interested in understanding applications of IT for tourism and hospitality management.

Writing a dissertation can be a daunting topic - Researching Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality for Dissertations and Theses 2nd edn is a unique text that takes away the stress, worry and confusion by providing a step-by-step, user friendly guide to all you need to know to successfully research and compile your dissertation or thesis. Now in its second edition, this bestselling text has been fully revised and updated, and now includes two new chapters looking at conducting mixed methods research, as well as analysing mixed methods research. * Clearly links research processes with the presentation of these in the writing of dissertations and theses. * Draws on the work of undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD students the author has supervised, over 30 years to provide examples of dissertation/theses material. * Uses case studies/examples based on the author's own peer reviewed research. * Written in an accessible style. * Presents tried and tested student activities. It provides a discussion of research approaches, looking at key differences and similarities. A critical evaluation of these different approaches is provided and, importantly, a discussion on selecting the appropriate approach(es) for your dissertation. It takes the reader from the initial idea and topics, through the literature review, methodology, presenting and analysing results and successfully making conclusions. Unlike other texts available, this book includes case studies based on the author's own research, as well as students' work, to demonstrate different research approaches and techniques, providing an opportunity for criticism and a discussion on 'learning from mistakes.' A must-have text for all students on how best to conduct research, compile your findings and to present them in the resulting dissertation.