A very powerful, well-researched and thoughtful argument in support of the ecological versus the economic way of thinking and acting. Paul Nieuwenhuis is no 'Fachidiot' but sees clearly the bigger picture. His book takes you on a fascinating journey through the worlds of philosophy and ecology to an in-depth understanding of the evolution of car manufacturing, its past and future. A fascinating read even for a 'tree-hugger' and public transportation fan like me.' - Georgios Kostakos, Independent Consultant on global challenges and sustainability, governance and UN affairsIf we are part of nature, then so is everything we make. This unique book explores this notion using the example of the car, how it is made and used and especially how we relate to it, with a view to creating a more sustainable automobility. We have been trying to make cars cleaner and more efficient, but has this really made them more sustainable? This book argues, within the context of sustainable consumption and production, that we should see the car as a natural system, subject to natural laws and processes. As part of this new perspective we need to change our attitude to cars, building more durable relationships and co-evolving with them. Revolutionary, perhaps; but if we get it right, this approach will allow us to enjoy motoring - albeit in modified form - into the future. The book draws on a range of disciplines, including industrial ecology, engineering, philosophy, anthropology, consumer psychology and object-oriented ontology, as well as providing industry examples to support its innovative case. This ground-breaking book will be of interest to academics of sustainability, socio-technical transition, management of change, engineering, biomimicry and business. It will also be of interest to automotive consultancies and those working in the car and oil industries. Paul Nieuwenhuis' innovative suggestions will certainly be of interest to government workers in industry, business and the environment, as well as various environmental NGOs. Contents: 1. Introduction - A Natural History of the Car 2. The Problem with Cars is... 3. What is Sustainability and what is Sustainable? 4. The History of the Car and the History of Car Production 5. A Changing Industry 6. Regulating the Car to Save our Environment; Emptying the Ashtrays on the Titanic? 7. Supply Chains..., or Loops, Tiers, Webs, or Flows? 8. Freedom to Tinker: The True Ownership Model 9. Consumers: SCP and Sustainable Car Use; Learning to Love your Car 10. How Does Change Happen? 11. The Ecological Model of Business 12. Automotive Evolution - the Car of the Future; a Future for the Car? 13. The Automotive Industry; an Ecosystem Perspective 14. Making the Transition; Ecodiversity at the Sector Level; Industry as Ecosystem 15. Concluding Remarks References

An aging population, increasing obesity and more people with mobility impairments are bringing new challenges to the management of routine and emergency people movement in many countries. These population challenges, coupled with the innovative designs being suggested for both the built environment and other commonly used structures (e.g., transportation systems) and the increasingly complex incident scenarios of fire, terrorism, and large-scale community disasters, provide even greater challenges to population management and safety.

"Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics," an edited volume, is based on the Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (PED) 5th International 2010 conference, March 8th-10th 2010, located at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. This volume addresses both pedestrian and evacuation dynamics and associated human behavior to provide answers for policy makers, designers, and emergency management to help solve real world problems in this rapidly developing field. Data collection, analysis, and model development of people movement and behavior during nonemergency and emergency situations will be covered as well.

This book examines the promise of High Speed Rail (HSR) technologies to win market share from carbon-intensive air transport through the strategic optimization of rail productivity and efficiency. While the positive impacts of HSR at both urban and long-distance levels are well-documented, this resource focuses on what has been a challenging area for HSR deployment historically: the integration of HSR accessibility at the regional level. The author provides tools and methods to better measure the feasibility of integrating regional HSR with existing transport networks, and includes in-depth case studies to demonstrate the contributions of expanded high speed rail access on sustainable development. Shares options for maximizing efficiency and effectiveness of high speed rail transport; Compares strategies for integrating urban, long-distance, and regional high speed rail transport; Explores new dimensions of high speed rail deployment b y linking transit networks with increased regional accessibility.

This volume provides a snapshot of the current and future trends in turbulence research across a range of disciplines. It provides an overview of the key challenges that face scientific and engineering communities in the context of huge databases of turbulence information currently being generated, yet poorly mined. These challenges include coherent structures and their control, wall turbulence and control, multi-scale turbulence, the impact of turbulence on energy generation and turbulence data manipulation strategies. The motivation for this volume is to assist the reader to make physical sense of these data deluges so as to inform both the research community as well as to advance practical outcomes from what is learned. Outcomes presented in this collection provide industry with information that impacts their activities, such as minimizing impact of wind farms, opportunities for understanding large scale wind events and large eddy simulation of the hydrodynamics of bays and lakes thereby increasing energy efficiencies, and minimizing emissions and noise from jet engines. Elucidates established, contemporary, and novel aspects of fluid turbulence - a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomena; Explores computer simulation of turbulence in the context of the emerging, unprecedented profusion of experimental data,which will need to be stewarded and archived; Examines a compendium of problems and issues that investigators can use to help formulate new promising research ideas; Makes the case for why funding agencies and scientists around the world need to lead a global effort to establish and steward large stores of turbulence data, rather than leaving them to individual researchers.

Random Vibration in Spacecraft Structures Design is based on the lecture notes "Spacecraft structures" and "Special topics concerning vibration in spacecraft structures" from courses given at Delft University of Technology. The monograph, which deals with low and high frequency mechanical, acoustic random vibrations is of interest to graduate students and engineers working in aerospace engineering, particularly in spacecraft and launch vehicle structures design.

The articles in the book treat flow instability and transition starting with classical material dealt with in an innovative and rigorous way, some newer physical mechanisms explained for the first time and finally with the very complex topic of bombustion and two-phase flow instabilities.

This volume presents new concepts and methods in Air Traffic Management, in particular: Collaborative Decision Making, as it incorporates for the first time airline companies in the management process; Congestion Pricing, as many part of the systems are and will remain saturated, hence only leveling of demand can contribute to global efficiency; Flow Management Methods, as the most important tools in planning and analysis; Models of Controller-Pilot Interaction, as deregulation increases the workload of this communication; Weather Forecast, as airport capacity is strongly affected by weather conditions.

The methods of computational mechanics have been used extensively in modeling many physical systems. The use of multibody-system techniques, in particular, has been applied successfully in the study of various, fundamentally different applications. Railroad Vehicle Dynamics: A Computational Approach presents a computational multibody-system approach that can be used to develop complex models of railroad vehicle systems. The book examines several computational multibody-system formulations and discusses their computer implementation. The computational algorithms based on these general formulations can be used to develop general- and special-purpose railroad vehicle computer programs for use in the analysis of railroad vehicle systems, including the study of derailment and accident scenarios, design issues, and performance evaluation. The authors focus on the development of fully nonlinear formulations, supported by an explanation of the limitations of the linearized formulations that are frequently used in the analysis of railroad vehicle systems. The chapters of the book are organized to guide readers from basic concepts and definitions through a final understanding of the utility of fully nonlinear multibody- system formulations in the analysis of railroad vehicle systems. Railroad Vehicle Dynamics: A Computational Approach is a valuable reference for researchers and practicing engineers who commonly use general-purpose, multibody-system computer programs in the analysis, design, and performance evaluation of railroad vehicle systems.

This volume collects selected papers of the 3rd CESA Automotive Electronics Congress, Paris, 2014. CESA is the most important automotive electronics conference in France. The topical focus lies on state-of-the-art automotive electronics with respect to energy consumption and autonomous driving. The target audience primarily comprises industry leaders and research experts in the automotive industry.

In this monograph, the authors demonstrate how the integration of adaptability, operability, and re-configurability in the design of complex systems is indispensable for the further digitization of engineering systems in smart manufacturing. Globalization of the customer base has resulted in distributed and networked manufacturing systems. However, current design methods are not suitable to address variations in product design, changes in production scale, or variations in product quality necessitated by dynamic changes in the market. Adaptability, operability, and re-configurability are key characteristics that are necessary to address the limitations of the current methods used to design networked manufacturing systems. In recent years, the digital transformation driving Industry 4.0 has had an enormous impact on globally distributed manufacturing. Digitalisation, the integration of digital technology into networked engineered systems, is increasingly being adopted to respond to changes in the market. This is achieved by means of (a) the concurrent design of adaptable systems, (b) addressing flexibility in design parameters, (c) conducting an operability analysis, and (d) employing a reconfiguration strategy to address faults and variances in product quality and re-establish connectivity among the elements in the system. The design of manufacturing systems in the age of Industry 4.0 is addressed in this monograph. The authors introduce the concept of a 'smart platform' and a computational framework for the digitalization of networked manufacturing systems. They also suggest how the framework and techniques in this monograph are applicable beyond the manufacturing domain for architecting networked engineered systems in other industries such as chemical processes and health care, that are being transformed through the adoption of the Industry 4.0 construct.

The motorcycle helmet has encountered much resistance from bikers who cherish the sense of freedom they get when riding without one. At the same time, the design revolutions it has undergone since its introduction in the 1930s have made it as much a part of the motorcycle culture as the leather jacket. Here the whole history is traced, from the ancient beginnings in warrior's helmets to the jet age molded plastic designs of the late twentieth century. All of the world's major manufacturers are covered, and their helmets are illustrated in detailed full color photographs. In addition, the author has included vintage advertising, racing photographs, and promotional materials. You will see the early football style helmets, leather pilot's caps, pudding-style helmets, the Air Force inspired full-coverage helmets introduced by Bell Auto Parts in 1954, and the continuing evolution up to the end of the century. Both technical and decorative aspects are considered, along with the changing culture around motorcyclists. For the motorcycle enthusiast and collector, or those interested in a significant design movement, this book will both entertain and inform.

In this book, regular structures are de ned as periodic structures consisting of repeated elements (translational symmetry) as well as structures with a geom- ric symmetry. Regular structures have for a long time been attracting the attention of scientists by the extraordinary beauty of their forms. They have been studied in many areas of science: chemistry, physics, biology, etc. Systems with geometric symmetry are used widely in many areas of engineering. The various kinds of bases under machines, cyclically repeated forms of stators, reduction gears, rotors with blades mounted on them, etc. represent regular structures. The study of real-life engineering structures faces considerable dif culties because they comprise a great number of working mechanisms that, in turn, consist of many different elastic subsystems and elements. The computational models of such systems represent a hierarchical structure and contain hundreds and thousands of parameters. The main problems in the analysis of such systems are the dim- sion reduction of model and revealing the dominant parameters that determine its dynamics and form its energy nucleus. The two most widely used approaches to the simulation of such systems are as follows: 1. Methods using lumped parameters models, i.e., a discretization of the original system and its representation as a system with lumped parameters [including nite-element method (FEM)]. 2. The use of idealized elements with distributed parameters and known analytical solutions for both the local elements and the subsystems.

Design and Construction of Pavements and Rail Tracks - Geotechnical Aspects and Processed Materials is a compilation of selected contributions produced between 2002 and 2005 by the International Committee TC3 - Geotechnics of Pavements of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE), a committee dedicated to gathering current knowledge of geotechnical aspects relating to pavements and rail tracks. The volume presents advanced procedures for laboratory and field materials characterization, including processed materials (non-conventional road construction materials), novel tests for field stiffness evaluation, a pre-standard for roller integrated continuous compaction control and new theories for evaluation of the long term performance of materials, including environmental aspects. These contributions represent the latest developments relating to the design, construction and long term performance of pavements, rail tracks and earth structures, with emphasis on the geotechnical and environmental background.

Extremum-seeking control tracks a varying maximum or minimum in a performance function such as output or cost. It attempts to determine the optimal performance of a control system as it operates, thereby reducing downtime and the need for system analysis. Extremum-seeking Control and Applications is divided into two parts. In the first, the authors review existing analog-optimization-based extremum-seeking control including gradient-, perturbation- and sliding-mode-based control designs. They then propose a novel numerical-optimization-based extremum-seeking control based on optimization algorithms and state regulation. This control design is developed for simple linear time-invariant systems and then extended for a class of feedback linearizable nonlinear systems. The two main optimization algorithms - line search and trust region methods - are analyzed for robustness. Finite-time and asymptotic state regulators are put forward for linear and nonlinear systems respectively. Further design flexibility is achieved using the robustness results of the optimization algorithms and the asymptotic state regulator by which existing nonlinear adaptive control techniques can be introduced for robust design. The approach used is easier to implement and tends to be more robust than those that use perturbation-based extremum-seeking control. The second part of the book deals with a variety of applications of extremum-seeking control: a comparative study of extremum-seeking control schemes in antilock braking system design; source seeking, formation control, collision and obstacle avoidance for groups of autonomous agents; mobile radar networks; and impedance matching. MATLAB (R)/Simulink (R) code which can be downloaded from www.springer.com/ISBN helps readers to reproduce the results presented in the text and gives them a head start for implementing the algorithms in their own applications. Extremum-seeking Control and Applications will interest academics and graduate students working in control, and industrial practitioners from a variety of backgrounds: systems, automotive, aerospace, communications, semiconductor and chemical engineering.

With the twentieth century arrived the first electric tramcars in London. Thirty years later the first trolley buses arrived - along with a fleet of new trams that were the most modern of their day. This era was one of rapid change, rich in achievement adn personalities. Among the more colourful of the undertakings involved was London United, which introduced the first public service of electric tramcars in 1901 adn became one of the predecessors of the present London Transport. This is a study of this eventful period, relating the development of the tramway and trolleybus system to the changing social background. It contains a wealth of hitherto unpublished material, both factual and anecdotal, taken from contemporary newspaper and other accounts, and a remarkable collection of illustrations - 48 pages in all. It should be of interest not only to the transport enthusiast but also to the general reader interested in social history. This book was first published in 1971.

Rails Through the Clay was first published in 1962.

Renamed to reflect the increased role of digital electronics in modern flight control systems, Cary Spitzer's industry-standard Digital Avionics Handbook, Second Edition is available in two comprehensive volumes designed to provide focused coverage for specialists working in different areas of avionics development. The first installment, Avionics: Elements, Software, and Functions covers the building blocks and enabling technologies behind modern avionics systems. It discusses data buses, displays, human factors, standards, and flight systems in detail and includes new chapters on the Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP), ARINC specification 653, communications, and vehicle health management systems.

In the present volume numerous descriptions of Ram accelerators are presented. These descriptions provide good overview on the progress made and the present state of the Ram accelerator technology worldwide. In addition, articles describing light gas gun, ballistic range including a chapter dealing with shock waves in solids are given. Along with the technical description of considered facilities, samples of obtained results are also included. Each chapter is written by an expert in the described topic providing a comprehensive description of the discussed phenomena.

Renamed to reflect the increased role of digital electronics in modern flight control systems, Cary Spitzer's industry-standard Digital Avionics Handbook, Second Edition is available in two comprehensive volumes designed to provide focused coverage for specialists working in different areas of avionics development. The second installment, Avionics: Development and Implementation explores the practical side of avionics. The book examines such topics as modeling and simulation, electronic hardware reliability, certification, fault tolerance, and several examples of real-world applications. New chapters discuss RTCA DO-297/EUROCAE ED-124 integrated modular avionics development and the Genesis platform.

Air traffic controllers need advanced information and automated systems to provide a safe environment for everyone traveling by plane. One of the primary challenges in developing training for automated systems is to determine how much a trainee will need to know about the underlying technologies to use automation safely and efficiently. To ensure safety and success, task analysis techniques should be used as the basis of the design for training in automated systems in the aviation and aerospace industries. Automated Systems in the Aviation and Aerospace Industries is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the application of underlying technologies used to enforce automation safety and efficiency. While highlighting topics such as expert systems, text mining, and human-machine interface, this publication explores the concept of constructing navigation algorithms, based on the use of video information and the methods of the estimation of the availability and accuracy parameters of satellite navigation. This book is ideal for aviation professionals, researchers, and managers seeking current research on information technology used to reduce the risk involved in aviation.

Autonomous driving is an emerging field. Vehicles are equipped with different systems such as radar, lidar, GPS etc. that enable the vehicle to make decisions and navigate without user's input, but there are still concerns regarding safety and security. This book analyses the security needs and solutions which are beneficial to autonomous driving.

This thesis proposes new power converter topologies suitable for aircraft systems. It also proposes both AC-DC and DC-DC types of converters for different electrical loads to improve the performance these systems. To increase fuel efficiency and reduce environmental impacts, less efficient non-electrical aircraft systems are being replaced by electrical systems. However, more electrical systems requires more electrical power to be generated in the aircraft. The increased consumption of electrical power in both civil and military aircrafts has necessitated the use of more efficient electrical power conversion technologies. This book presents acomprehensive mathematical analysis and the design and digital simulation of the power converters. Subsequently it discusses the construction of the hardware prototypes of each converter and the experimental tests carried out to verify the benefits of the proposed solutions in comparison to the existing solutions.

All technologies differ from one another. They are as varied as humanity's interaction with the physical world. Even people attempting to do the same thing produce multiple technologies. For example, John H. White discovered more than l 1000 patents in the 19th century for locomotive smokestacks. Yet all technologies are processes by which humans seek to control their physical environment and bend nature to their purposes. All technologies are alike. The tension between likeness and difference runs through this collection of papers. All focus on atmospheric flight, a twentieth-century phenomenon. But they approach the topic from different disciplinary perspectives. They ask disparate questions. And they work from distinct agendas. Collectively they help to explain what is different about aviation - how it differs from other technologies and how flight itself has varied from one time and place to another. The importance of this topic is manifest. Flight is one of the defining technologies of the twentieth century. Jay David Bolter argues in Turing's Man that certain technologies in certain ages have had the power not only to transform society but also to shape the way in which people understand their relationship with the physical world. "A defining technology," says Bolter, "resembles a magnifying glass, which collects and focuses seemingly disparate ideas in a culture into one bright, sometimes piercing ray." 2 Flight has done that for the twentieth century.

Aviation noise remains the primary hindrance to expansion of airport and airspace capacity in the United States. This book describes the development and practice of U.S. aircraft noise regulation, as well as the practical consequences of regulatory policy. Starting in the pre-jet transport era, the book traces the development of the modern framework for characterizing, standardizing, predicting, disclosing, and mitigating aircraft noise and its effects on airport-vicinity communities. Among other matters, the book treats noise-related consequences of the 1978 deregulation of the airline industry; prediction and mitigation of community reaction to airport noise; land use compatibility planning; recent research and industry trends; and some suggestions for potential improvements to current policy. Initial chapters describe the assumptions underlying aircraft noise regulation, and lay out the chronology of U.S. aircraft noise regulatory practice. Later chapters provide overviews of population-level effects of aviation noise, including health effects, speech and sleep interference, and annoyance. Readers will learn why predictions of the prevalence of aircraft noise-induced annoyance have systematically underestimated adverse community response to aircraft noise, and how such underestimation has complicated approval and funding of airport and airspace improvement projects. They will also learn why attempts at noise-compatible land use planning are seldom fully successful.