Dimensional analysis is a magical way of finding useful results with almost no effort. It makes it possible to bring together the results of experiments and computations in a concise but exact form, so that they can be used efficiently and economically to make predictions. It takes advantage of the fact that phenomena go their way independently of the units we measure them with, because the units have nothing to do with the underlying physics. This simple idea turns out to be unexpectedly powerful.Students often fail to gain from dimensional analysis, because bad teaching has led them to suppose it cannot be used to derive new results, and can only confirm results that have been secured by some other route. That notion is false. This book demonstrates what can be done with dimensional analysis through a series of examples, starting with Pythagoras' theorem and the simple pendulum, and going on to a number of practical examples, many from the author's experience in ocean engineering. In parallel, the book explains the underlying theory, starting with Vaschy's elegant treatment, whilst avoiding unnecessary complexity. It also explores the use and misuse of models, which can be useful but can also be seriously misleading.

This book focuses on a large class of multi-valued variational differential inequalities and inclusions of stationary and evolutionary types with constraints reflected by subdifferentials of convex functionals. Its main goal is to provide a systematic, unified, and relatively self-contained exposition of existence, comparison and enclosure principles, together with other qualitative properties of multi-valued variational inequalities and inclusions. The problems under consideration are studied in different function spaces such as Sobolev spaces, Orlicz-Sobolev spaces, Sobolev spaces with variable exponents, and Beppo-Levi spaces. A general and comprehensive sub-supersolution method (lattice method) is developed for both stationary and evolutionary multi-valued variational inequalities, which preserves the characteristic features of the commonly known sub-supersolution method for single-valued, quasilinear elliptic and parabolic problems. This method provides a powerful tool for studying existence and enclosure properties of solutions when the coercivity of the problems under consideration fails. It can also be used to investigate qualitative properties such as the multiplicity and location of solutions or the existence of extremal solutions. This is the first in-depth treatise on the sub-supersolution (lattice) method for multi-valued variational inequalities without any variational structures, together with related topics. The choice of the included materials and their organization in the book also makes it useful and accessible to a large audience consisting of graduate students and researchers in various areas of Mathematical Analysis and Theoretical Physics.

This contributed volume discusses aspects of nonlinear analysis in which optimization plays an important role, as well as topics which are applied to the study of optimization problems. Topics include set-valued analysis, mixed concave-convex sub-superlinear Schroedinger equation, Schroedinger equations in nonlinear optics, exponentially convex functions, optimal lot size under the occurrence of imperfect quality items, generalized equilibrium problems, artificial topologies on a relativistic spacetime, equilibrium points in the restricted three-body problem, optimization models for networks of organ transplants, network curvature measures, error analysis through energy minimization and stability problems, Ekeland variational principles in 2-local Branciari metric spaces, frictional dynamic problems, norm estimates for composite operators, operator factorization and solution of second-order nonlinear difference equations, degenerate Kirchhoff-type inclusion problems, and more.

Generation of Multivariate Hermite Interpolating Polynomials advances the study of approximate solutions to partial differential equations by presenting a novel approach that employs Hermite interpolating polynomials and bysupplying algorithms useful in applying this approach. Organized into three sections, the book begins with a thorough examination of constrained numbers, which form the basis for constructing interpolating polynomials. The author develops their geometric representation in coordinate systems in several dimensions and presents generating algorithms for each level number. He then discusses their applications in computing the derivative of the product of functions of several variables and in the construction of expression for n-dimensional natural numbers. Section II focuses on the construction of Hermite interpolating polynomials, from their characterizing properties and generating algorithms to a graphical analysis of their behavior. The final section of the book is dedicated to the application of Hermite interpolating polynomials to linear and nonlinear differential equations in one or several variables. Of particular interest is an example based on the author's thermal analysis of the space shuttle during reentry to the earth's atmosphere, wherein he uses the polynomials developed in the book to solve the heat transfer equations for the heating of the lower surface of the wing.

This book introduces the reader to important concepts in modern applied analysis, such as homogenization, gradient flows on metric spaces, geometric evolution, Gamma-convergence tools, applications of geometric measure theory, properties of interfacial energies, etc. This is done by tackling a prototypical problem of interfacial evolution in heterogeneous media, where these concepts are introduced and elaborated in a natural and constructive way. At the same time, the analysis introduces open issues of a general and fundamental nature, at the core of important applications. The focus on two-dimensional lattices as a prototype of heterogeneous media allows visual descriptions of concepts and methods through a large amount of illustrations.

This book presents important contributions to modern theories concerning the distribution theory applied to convex analysis (convex functions, functions of lower semicontinuity, the subdifferential of a convex function). The authors prove several basic results in distribution theory and present ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations by providing generalized solutions. In addition, the book deals with Sobolev spaces, which presents aspects related to variation problems, such as the Stokes system, the elasticity system and the plate equation. The authors also include approximate formulations of variation problems, such as the Galerkin method or the finite element method. The book is accessible to all scientists, and it is especially useful for those who use mathematics to solve engineering and physics problems. The authors have avoided concepts and results contained in other books in order to keep the book comprehensive. Furthermore, they do not present concrete simplified models and pay maximal attention to scientific rigor.

The International Society for Analysis, its Applications and Computation (ISAAC) has held its international congresses biennially since 1997. This proceedings volume reports on the progress in analysis, applications and computation in recent years as covered and discussed at the 7th ISAAC Congress. This volume includes papers on partial differential equations, function spaces, operator theory, integral transforms and equations, potential theory, complex analysis and generalizations, stochastic analysis, inverse problems, homogenization, continuum mechanics, mathematical biology and medicine. With over 500 participants from almost 60 countries attending the congress, the book comprises a broad selection of contributions in different topics.

Sharkovsky's Theorem, Li and Yorke's "period three implies chaos" result, and the (3x+1) conjecture are beautiful and deep results that demonstrate the rich periodic character of first-order, nonlinear difference equations. To date, however, we still know surprisingly little about higher-order nonlinear difference equations. During the last ten years, the authors of this book have been fascinated with discovering periodicities in equations of higher order which for certain values of their parameters have one of the following characteristics: 1. Every solution of the equation is periodic with the same period. 2. Every solution of the equation is eventually periodic with a prescribed period. 3. Every solution of the equation converges to a periodic solution with the same period. This monograph presents their findings along with some thought-provoking questions and many open problems and conjectures worthy of investigation. The authors also propose investigation of the global character of solutions of these equations for other values of their parameters and working toward a more complete picture of the global behavior of their solutions. With the results and discussions it presents, Periodicities in Nonlinear Difference Equations places a few more stones in the foundation of the basic theory of nonlinear difference equations. Researchers and graduate students working in difference equations and discrete dynamical systems will find much to intrigue them and inspire further work in this area.

This book presents modern methods in functional analysis and operator theory along with their applications in recent research. The book also deals with the solvability of infinite systems of linear equations in various sequence spaces. It uses the classical sequence spaces, generalized Cesaro and difference operators to obtain calculations and simplifications of complicated spaces involving these operators. In order to make it self-contained, comprehensive and of interest to a larger mathematical community, the authors have presented necessary concepts with results for advanced research topics. This book is intended for graduate and postgraduate students, teachers and researchers as a basis for further research, advanced lectures and seminars.

This text offers a selection of papers on singularity theory presented at the Sixth Workshop on Real and Complex Singularities held at ICMC-USP, Brazil. It should help students and specialists to understand results that illustrate the connections between singularity theory and related fields. The authors discuss irreducible plane curve singularities, openness and multitransversality, the distribution Afs and the real asymptotic spectrum, deformations of boundary singularities and non-crystallographic coxeter groups, transversal Whitney topology and singularities of Haefliger foliations, the topology of hypersurface singularities, polar multiplicities and equisingularity of map germs from C3 to C4, and topological invariants of stable maps from a surface to the plane from a global viewpoint.

This book paints a fresco of the field of extrapolation and rational approximation over the last several centuries to the present through the works of their primary contributors. It can serve as an introduction to the topics covered, including extrapolation methods, Pade approximation, orthogonal polynomials, continued fractions, Lanczos-type methods etc.; it also provides in depth discussion of the many links between these subjects. A highlight of this book is the presentation of the human side of the fields discussed via personal testimonies from contemporary researchers, their anecdotes, and their exclusive remembrances of some of the "actors." This book shows how research in this domain started and evolved. Biographies of other scholars encountered have also been included. An important branch of mathematics is described in its historical context, opening the way to new developments. After a mathematical introduction, the book contains a precise description of the mathematical landscape of these fields spanning from the 19th century to the first part of the 20th. After an analysis of the works produced after that period (in particular those of Richardson, Aitken, Shanks, Wynn, and others), the most recent developments and applications are reviewed.

At the heart of modern cryptographic algorithms lies computational number theory. Whether you're encrypting or decrypting ciphers, a solid background in number theory is essential for success. Written by a number theorist and practicing cryptographer, Cryptanalysis of Number Theoretic Ciphers takes you from basic number theory to the inner workings of ciphers and protocols.

First, the book provides the mathematical background needed in cryptography as well as definitions and simple examples from cryptography. It includes summaries of elementary number theory and group theory, as well as common methods of finding or constructing large random primes, factoring large integers, and computing discrete logarithms. Next, it describes a selection of cryptographic algorithms, most of which use number theory. Finally the book presents methods of attack on the cryptographic algorithms and assesses their effectiveness. For each attack method the author lists the systems it applies to and tells how they may be broken with it.

Computational number theorists are some of the most successful cryptanalysts against public key systems. Cryptanalysis of Number Theoretic Ciphers builds a solid foundation in number theory and shows you how to apply it not only when breaking ciphers, but also when designing ones that are difficult to break.

Traditionally, neural networks and wavelet theory have been two separate disciplines, taught separately and practiced separately. In recent years the offspring of wavelet theory and neural networks-wavelet networks-have emerged and grown vigorously both in research and applications. Yet the material needed to learn or teach wavelet networks has remained scattered in various research monographs.

Foundations of Wavelet Networks and Applications unites these two fields in a comprehensive, integrated presentation of wavelets and neural networks. It begins by building a foundation, including the necessary mathematics. A transitional chapter on recurrent learning then leads to an in-depth look at wavelet networks in practice, examining important applications that include using wavelets as stock market trading advisors, as classifiers in electroencephalographic drug detection, and as predictors of chaotic time series. The final chapter explores concept learning and approximation by wavelet networks.

The potential of wavelet networks in engineering, economics, and social science applications is rich and still growing. Foundations of Wavelet Networks and Applications prepares and inspires its readers not only to help ensure that potential is achieved but also to open new frontiers in research and applications.

Mathematics is a concise introduction to six selected areas of 20th century mathematics providing numerous modern mathematical tools used in contemporary research in computer science, engineering, and other fields. The areas are: measure theory, high-dimensional geometry, Fourier analysis, representations of groups, multivariate polynomials, and topology. For each of the areas, the authors introduce basic notions, examples, and results. The presentation is clear and accessible, stressing intuitive understanding, and it includes carefully selected exercises as an integral part. Theory is complemented by applications-some quite surprising-in theoretical computer science and discrete mathematics. The chapters are independent of one another and can be studied in any order. It is assumed that the reader has gone through the basic mathematics courses. Although the book was conceived while the authors were teaching Ph.D. students in theoretical computer science and discrete mathematics, it will be useful for a much wider audience, such as mathematicians specializing in other areas, mathematics students deciding what specialization to pursue, or experts in engineering or other fields.

This monograph has arisen out of a number of attempts spanning almost five decades to understand how one might examine the evolution of densities in systems whose dynamics are described by differential delay equations. Though the authors have no definitive solution to the problem, they offer this contribution in an attempt to define the problem as they see it, and to sketch out several obvious attempts that have been suggested to solve the problem and which seem to have failed. They hope that by being available to the general mathematical community, they will inspire others to consider-and hopefully solve-the problem. Serious attempts have been made by all of the authors over the years and they have made reference to these where appropriate.

This proceedings volume gathers together selected works from the 2018 "Asymptotic, Algebraic and Geometric Aspects of Integrable Systems" workshop that was held at TSIMF Yau Mathematical Sciences Center in Sanya, China, honoring Nalini Joshi on her 60th birthday. The papers cover recent advances in asymptotic, algebraic and geometric methods in the study of discrete integrable systems. The workshop brought together experts from fields such as asymptotic analysis, representation theory and geometry, creating a platform to exchange current methods, results and novel ideas. This volume's articles reflect these exchanges and can be of special interest to a diverse group of researchers and graduate students interested in learning about current results, new approaches and trends in mathematical physics, in particular those relevant to discrete integrable systems.

This book applies the convex integration method to multi-dimensional compressible Euler equations in the barotropic case as well as the full system with temperature. The convex integration technique, originally developed in the context of differential inclusions, was applied in the groundbreaking work of De Lellis and Szekelyhidi to the incompressible Euler equations, leading to infinitely many solutions. This theory was later refined to prove non-uniqueness of solutions of the compressible Euler system, too. These non-uniqueness results all use an ansatz which reduces the equations to a kind of incompressible system to which a slight modification of the incompressible theory can be applied. This book presents, for the first time, a generalization of the De Lellis-Szekelyhidi approach to the setting of compressible Euler equations. The structure of this book is as follows: after providing an accessible introduction to the subject, including the essentials of hyperbolic conservation laws, the idea of convex integration in the compressible framework is developed. The main result proves that under a certain assumption there exist infinitely many solutions to an abstract initial boundary value problem for the Euler system. Next some applications of this theorem are discussed, in particular concerning the Riemann problem. Finally there is a survey of some related results. This self-contained book is suitable for both beginners in the field of hyperbolic conservation laws as well as for advanced readers who already know about convex integration in the incompressible framework.

This book originates from the session "Harmonic Analysis and Partial Differential Equations" held at the 12th ISAAC Congress in Aveiro, and provides a quick overview over recent advances in partial differential equations with a particular focus on the interplay between tools from harmonic analysis, functional inequalities and variational characterisations of solutions to particular non-linear PDEs. It can serve as a useful source of information to mathematicians, scientists and engineers. The volume contains contributions of authors from a variety of countries on a wide range of active research areas covering different aspects of partial differential equations interacting with harmonic analysis and provides a state-of-the-art overview over ongoing research in the field. It shows original research in full detail allowing researchers as well as students to grasp new aspects and broaden their understanding of the area.

This book provides a modern and comprehensive presentation of a wide variety of problems arising in nonlinear analysis, game theory, engineering, mathematical physics and contact mechanics. It includes recent achievements and puts them into the context of the existing literature. The volume is organized in four parts. Part I contains fundamental mathematical results concerning convex and locally Lipschits functions. Together with the Appendices, this foundational part establishes the self-contained character of the text. As the title suggests, in the following sections, both variational and topological methods are developed based on critical and fixed point results for nonsmooth functions. The authors employ these methods to handle the exemplary problems from game theory and engineering that are investigated in Part II, respectively Part III. Part IV is devoted to applications in contact mechanics. The book will be of interest to PhD students and researchers in applied mathematics as well as specialists working in nonsmooth analysis and engineering.

Written for the practicing electronics professional, Tolerance Analysis of Electronic Circuits Using MATHCADä offers a comprehensive, step-by-step treatment of methods used to perform analyses essential to the design process of circuit cards and systems of cards, including:
· worst-case analysis,
· limits for production testing,
· component stress analysis,
· determining if a design meets specification limits, and
· manufacturing yield analysis
Using a practical approach that allows engineers and technicians to put the techniques directly into practice, the author presents the mathematical procedures used to determine performance limits. The topics and techniques discussed include extreme value and root-sum-square analysis using symmetric and asymmetric tolerance, Monte Carlo analysis using normal and uniform distributions, sensitivity formulas, tolerance analyses of opamp offsets, and anomalies of high-Q ac circuits.

The book consists of a presentation from scratch of cycle space methodology in complex geometry. Applications in various contexts are given. A significant portion of the book is devoted to material which is important in the general area of complex analysis. In this regard, a geometric approach is used to obtain fundamental results such as the local parameterization theorem, Lelong' s Theorem and Remmert's direct image theorem. Methods involving cycle spaces have been used in complex geometry for some forty years. The purpose of the book is to systematically explain these methods in a way which is accessible to graduate students in mathematics as well as to research mathematicians. After the background material which is presented in the initial chapters, families of cycles are treated in the last most important part of the book. Their topological aspects are developed in a systematic way and some basic, important applications of analytic families of cycles are given. The construction of the cycle space as a complex space, along with numerous important applications, is given in the second volume. The present book is a translation of the French version that was published in 2014 by the French Mathematical Society.

This book includes the joint proceedings of the International Conference on Particle Systems and PDEs VI, VII and VIII. Particle Systems and PDEs VI was held in Nice, France, in November/December 2017, Particle Systems and PDEs VII was held in Palermo, Italy, in November 2018, and Particle Systems and PDEs VIII was held in Lisbon, Portugal, in December 2019. Most of the papers are dealing with mathematical problems motivated by different applications in physics, engineering, economics, chemistry and biology. They illustrate methods and topics in the study of particle systems and PDEs and their relation. The book is recommended to probabilists, analysts and to those mathematicians in general, whose work focuses on topics in mathematical physics, stochastic processes and differential equations, as well as to those physicists who work in statistical mechanics and kinetic theory.