The authors present a concise but complete exposition of the mathematical theory of stable convergence and give various applications in different areas of probability theory and mathematical statistics to illustrate the usefulness of this concept. Stable convergence holds in many limit theorems of probability theory and statistics - such as the classical central limit theorem - which are usually formulated in terms of convergence in distribution. Originated by Alfred Renyi, the notion of stable convergence is stronger than the classical weak convergence of probability measures. A variety of methods is described which can be used to establish this stronger stable convergence in many limit theorems which were originally formulated only in terms of weak convergence. Naturally, these stronger limit theorems have new and stronger consequences which should not be missed by neglecting the notion of stable convergence. The presentation will be accessible to researchers and advanced students at the master's level with a solid knowledge of measure theoretic probability.

A number of texts have recently become available which provide good general introductions to p-Adic numbers and p-Adic analysis. However, there is at present a gap between such books and the sophisticated applications in the research literature. The aim of this book is to bridge this gulf by providing a collection of intermediate level articles on various applications of p-Adic techniques throughout mathematics. The idea for producing such a volume was suggested by Oxford University Press in connection with a three day meeting `p-Adic Methods and their Applications' held at Manchester University in September 1989 and which have received financial support from the London Mathematical Society. Some of these articles grew out of talks given at this conference, others were written by invitation especially for this volume. All contributions were refereed with a particular view to their suitability for inclusion in such a book.

The Hilbert transform has many uses, including solving problems in aerodynamics, condensed matter physics, optics, fluids, and engineering. Written in a style that will suit a wide audience (including the physical sciences), this book will become the reference of choice on the topic, whatever the subject background of the reader. It explains all the common Hilbert transforms, mathematical techniques for evaluating them, and has detailed discussions of their application. Especially useful for researchers are the tabulation of analytically evaluated Hilbert transforms, and an atlas that immediately illustrates how the Hilbert transform alters a function. A collection of exercises helps the reader to test their understanding of the material in each chapter. The bibliography is a wide-ranging collection of references both to the classical mathematical papers, and to a diverse array of applications.

A discrete event system (DES) is an abstraction of many engineering and service systems characterized by event-driven dynamics. Examples include computer systems, communication networks, airports and highways. The evolution of DES is governed by events, typically occurring at random time periods. Developing new mathematical tools to study discrete event operations research, this study discusses the two lines of investigation in DES research that have emerged: logical/qualitative issues and temporal/quantitative analysis.

In the field of Dynamical Systems, nonlinear iterative processes play an important role. Nonlinear mappings can be found as immediate models for many systems from different scientific areas, such as engineering, economics, biology, or can also be obtained via numerical methods permitting to solve non-linear differential equations. In both cases, the understanding of specific dynamical behaviors and phenomena is of the greatest interest for scientists. This volume contains papers that were presented at the International Workshop on Nonlinear Maps and their Applications (NOMA 2013) held in Zaragoza, Spain, on September 3-4, 2013. This kind of collaborative effort is of paramount importance in promoting communication among the various groups that work in dynamical systems and networks in their research theoretical studies as well as for applications. This volume is suitable for graduate students as well as researchers in the field.

This book acquaints the reader with the esental ideas of K-homology and develops some of its applications. It includes a detailed introduction to the necessary functional analysis, followed by an exploration of the connections between K-homology and operator theory, coarse geometry, index theory, and assembly maps.

Summability methods are transformations that map sequences (or functions) to sequences (or functions). A prime requirement for a "good" summability method is that it preserves convergence. Unless it is the identity transformation, it will do more: it will transform some divergent sequences to convergent sequences. An important type of theorem is called a Tauberian theorem. Here, we know that a sequence is summable. The sequence satisfies a further property that implies convergence. Borel's methods are fundamental to a whole class of sequences to function methods. The transformation gives a function that is usually analytic in a large part of the complex plane, leading to a method for analytic continuation. These methods, dated from the beginning of the 20th century, have recently found applications in some problems in theoretical physics.

Piece-wise and Max-Type Difference Equations: Periodic and Eventually Periodic Solutions is intended for lower-level undergraduate students studying discrete mathematics. The book focuses on sequences as recursive relations and then transitions to periodic recursive patterns and eventually periodic recursive patterns. In addition to this, it will also focus on determining the patterns of periodic and eventually periodic solutions inductively. The aim of the author, throughout this book, is to get students to understand the significance of pattern recognition as a mathematical tool. Key Features Can provide possible topics for undergraduate research and for bachelor's thesis Provides supplementary practice problems and some open-ended research problems at the end of each chapter Focusses on determining the patterns of periodic and eventually periodic solutions inductively Enhances students' algebra skills before moving forward to upper level courses Familiarize students with the topics before they start undergraduate research by providing applications.

This monograph contains the author's work of the last four years in discrete and fractional analysis. It introduces the right delta and right nabla fractional calculus on time scales and continues with the right delta and right nabla discrete fractional calculus in the Caputo sense. Then, it shows representation formulae of functions on time scales and presents Ostrowski type inequalities, Landau type inequalities, Gruss type and comparison of means inequalities, all these over time scales. The volume continues with integral operator inequalities and their multivariate vectorial versions using convexity of functions, again all these over time scales. It follows the Gruss and Ostrowski type inequalities involving s-convexity of functions; and also examines the general case when several functions are involved. Then, it presents the general fractional Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities using m-convexity and (s, m)-convexity. Finally, it introduces the reduction method in fractional calculus and its connection to fractional Ostrowski type inequalities is studied.This book's results are expected to find applications in many areas of pure and applied mathematics, especially in difference equations and fractional differential equations. The chapters are self-contained and can be read independently, and advanced courses can be taught out of it. It is suitable for researchers, graduate students, seminars of the above subjects, and serves well as an invaluable resource for all science libraries.

These Proceedings offer a selection of peer-reviewed research and survey papers by some of the foremost international researchers in the fields of finance, energy, stochastics and risk, who present their latest findings on topical problems. The papers cover the areas of stochastic modeling in energy and financial markets; risk management with environmental factors from a stochastic control perspective; and valuation and hedging of derivatives in markets dominated by renewables, all of which further develop the theory of stochastic analysis and mathematical finance. The papers were presented at the first conference on "Stochastics of Environmental and Financial Economics (SEFE)", being part of the activity in the SEFE research group of the Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) at the Academy of Sciences in Oslo, Norway during the 2014/2015 academic year.

This volume explores Diophantine approximation on smooth manifolds embedded in Euclidean space, developing a coherent body of theory comparable to that of classical Diophantine approximation. In particular, the book deals with Khintchine-type theorems and with the Hausdorff dimension of the associated null sets. After setting out the necessary background material, the authors give a full discussion of Hausdorff dimension and its uses in Diophantine approximation. They employ a wide range of techniques from the number theory arsenal to obtain the upper and lower bounds required, highlighting the difficulty of some of the questions considered. The authors then go on to consider briefly the p-adic case, and conclude with a chapter on some applications of metric Diophantine approximation. All researchers with an interest in Diophantine approximation will want to have this book in their personal libraries.

The book provides a comprehensive introduction to the many aspects of the subject of basic hypergeometric series. The book essentially assumes no prior knowledge but eventually provides a comprehensive introduction to many important topics. After developing a treatment of historically important topics such as the q-binomial theorem, Heine's transformation, the Jacobi triple product identity, Ramanujan's 1-psi-1 summation formula, Bailey's 6-psi-6 summation formula and the Rogers-Fine identity, the book goes on to delve more deeply into important topics such as Bailey- and WP-Bailey pairs and chains, q-continued fractions, and mock theta functions. There are also chapters on other topics such as Lambert series and combinatorial proofs of basic hypergeometric identities.The book could serve as a textbook for the subject at the graduate level and as a textbook for a topic course at the undergraduate level (earlier chapters). It could also serve as a reference work for researchers in the area.

This book tours the principal results and ideas in the theories of completely positive maps, completely bounded maps, dilation theory, operator spaces and operator algebras, along with some of their main applications. It requires only a basic background in functional analysis. The presentation is self-contained and paced appropriately for graduate students new to the subject. Experts will appreciate how the author illustrates the power of methods he has developed with new and simpler proofs of some of the major results in the area, many of which have not appeared earlier in the literature. An indispensible introduction to the theory of operator spaces.

Professor Retherford's aim in this book is to provide the reader with a virtually self-contained treatment of Hilbert space theory, leading to an elementary proof of the Lidskij trace theorem. He assumes the reader is familiar with only linear algebra and advanced calculus, and develops everything needed to introduce the ideas of compact, self-adjoint, Hilbert-Schmidt and trace class operators. Many exercises and hints are included, and throughout the emphasis is on a user-friendly approach. Advanced undergraduates and graduate students will find that this book presents a unique introduction to operators and Hilbert space.

This book is an introduction to real analysis for a one-semester course aimed at students who have completed the calculus sequence and preferably one other course, such as linear algebra. It does not assume any specific knowledge and starts with all that is needed from sets, logic, and induction. Then there is a careful introduction to the real numbers with an emphasis on developing proof-writing skills. It continues with a logical development of the notions of sequences, open and closed sets (including compactness and the Cantor set), continuity, differentiation, integration, and series of numbers and functions. A theme in the book is to give more than one proof for interesting facts; this illustrates how different ideas interact and it makes connections among the facts that are being learned. Metric spaces are introduced early in the book, but there are instructions on how to avoid metric spaces for the instructor who wishes to do so. There are questions that check the readers' understanding of the material, with solutions provided at the end. Topics that could be optional or assigned for independent reading include the Cantor function, nowhere differentiable functions, the Gamma function, and the Weierstrass theorem on approximation by continuous functions.

This book provides a general introduction to applied analysis; vector analysis with physical motivation, calculus of variation, Fourier analysis, eigenfunction expansion, distribution, and so forth, including a catalogue of mathematical theories, such as basic analysis, topological spaces, complex function theory, real analysis, and abstract analysis. This book also uses fundamental ideas of applied mathematics to discuss recent developments in nonlinear science, such as mathematical modeling of reinforced random motion of particles, semiconductor device equation in applied physics, and chemotaxis in biology. Several tools in linear PDE theory, such as fundamental solutions, Perron's method, layer potentials, and iteration scheme, are described, as well as systematic descriptions on the recent study of the blowup of the solution.

The geometry and analysis that is discussed in this book extends to classical results for general discrete or Lie groups, and the methods used are analytical but have little to do with what is described these days as real analysis. Most of the results described in this book have a dual formulation; they have a 'discrete version' related to a finitely generated discrete group, and a continuous version related to a Lie group. The authors chose to centre this book around Lie groups but could quite easily have pushed it in several other directions as it interacts with opetators, and probability theory, as well as with group theory. This book will serve as an excellent basis for graduate courses in Lie groups, Markov chains or potential theory.

Asymptotics in one form or another are part of the landscape for every mathematician. The objective of this book is to present the ideas of how to approach asymptotic problems that arise in discrete mathematics, analysis of algorithms, and number theory. A broad range of topics is covered, including distribution of prime integers, Erdos Magic, random graphs, Ramsey numbers, and asymptotic geometry. The author is a disciple of Paul Erdos, who taught him about Asymptopia. Primes less than n , graphs with v vertices, random walks of t steps - Erdos was fascinated by the limiting behavior as the variables approached, but never reached, infinity. Asymptotics is very much an art. The various functions nlnn , n 2 , lnn n , lnn ? ? ? ? , 1 nlnn all have distinct personalities. Erdos knew these functions as personal friends. It is the author's hope that these insights may be passed on, that the reader may similarly feel which function has the right temperament for a given task. This book is aimed at strong undergraduates, though it is also suitable for particularly good high school students or for graduates wanting to learn some basic techniques. Asymptopia is a beautiful world. Enjoy!

Designed to work as a reference and as a supplement to an advanced course on dynamical systems, this book presents a self-contained and comprehensive account of modern smooth ergodic theory. Among other things, this provides a rigorous mathematical foundation for the phenomenon known as deterministic chaos - the appearance of 'chaotic' motions in pure deterministic dynamical systems. A sufficiently complete description of topological and ergodic properties of systems exhibiting deterministic chaos can be deduced from relatively weak requirements on their local behavior known as nonuniform hyperbolicity conditions. Nonuniform hyperbolicity theory is an important part of the general theory of dynamical systems. Its core is the study of dynamical systems with nonzero Lyapunov exponents both conservative and dissipative, in addition to cocycles and group actions. The results of this theory are widely used in geometry (e.g., geodesic flows and Teichmuller flows), in rigidity theory, in the study of some partial differential equations (e.g., the Schroedinger equation), in the theory of billiards, as well as in applications to physics, biology, engineering, and other fields.

The primary aim of this book is to present the conjugate and sub/differential calculus using the method of perturbation functions in order to obtain the most general results in this field. The secondary aim is to provide important applications of this calculus and of the properties of convex functions. Such applications are: the study of well-conditioned convex functions, uniformly convex and uniformly smooth convex functions, best approximation problems, characterizations of convexity, the study of the sets of weak sharp minima, well-behaved functions and the existence of global error bounds for convex inequalities, as well as the study of monotone multifunctions by using convex functions.

The present volume is an extensive monograph on the analytic and geometric aspects of Markov diffusion operators. It focuses on the geometric curvature properties of the underlying structure in order to study convergence to equilibrium, spectral bounds, functional inequalities such as Poincare, Sobolev or logarithmic Sobolev inequalities, and various bounds on solutions of evolution equations. At the same time, it covers a large class of evolution and partial differential equations. The book is intended to serve as an introduction to the subject and to be accessible for beginning and advanced scientists and non-specialists. Simultaneously, it covers a wide range of results and techniques from the early developments in the mid-eighties to the latest achievements. As such, students and researchers interested in the modern aspects of Markov diffusion operators and semigroups and their connections to analytic functional inequalities, probabilistic convergence to equilibrium and geometric curvature will find it especially useful. Selected chapters can also be used for advanced courses on the topic.

This book, devoted to an invariant multidimensional process of recovering a function from its derivative, considers additive functions defined on the family of all bounded BV sets that are continuous with respect to a suitable topology. The main applications are related to the Gauss-Green and Stokes theorems. The book contains complete and detailed proofs of all new results, and of many known results for which the references are not easily available. It will provide valuable information to research mathematicians and advanced graduate students interested in geometric integration and related areas.

The word holor is a term coined by the authors to describe a mathematical entity that is made up of one or more independent quantities, and includes complex numbers, scalars, vectors, matrices, tensors, quaternions, and other hypernumbers. Holors, thus defined, have been known for centuries but each has been developed more or less independently, accompanied by separate nomenclature and theory. This book demonstrates how these complicated subjects can be made simple by using a single notation that applies to all holors, both tensor and nontensor. The authors consider all possible types of holors and develop holor algebra and holor calculus in the most general sense. Thus the reader will learn to develop a new holor that fits the application, rather than forcing an application onto a holor representation that is known but that does not perfectly describe the application. The discussion includes nontensors having no transformation and holors that transform in more complicated ways than allowed with ordinary tensors. This opens up the possibility to devise a holor for a new physical application, without being limited to a few conventional types of holor. This book should establish a method by which students and teachers can learn vector and tensor analysis via a uniform treatment. Graduate students and professionals in engineering, physics. applied mathematics, chemistry, biology, psychology, and other analytical sciences should find this to be a useful and innovative work.

Basic Analysis: Volumes I-V is written with the aim of balancing theory and abstraction with clear explanations and arguments, so that students and researchers alike who are from a variety of different areas can follow this text and use it profitably for self-study. The first volume is designed for students who have completed the usual calculus and ordinary differential equation sequence and a basic course in linear algebra. This is a critical course in the use of abstraction, but is just first volume in a sequence of courses which prepare students to become practicing scientists. The second volume focuses on differentiation in n-dimensions and important concepts about mappings between finite dimensional Euclidean spaces, such as the inverse and implicit function theorem and change of variable formulae for multidimensional integration. These important topics provide background in important applied and theoretical areas which are no longer covered in mathematical science curricula. Although it follows on from the preceding volume, this is a self-contained book, accessible to undergraduates with a standard course in undergraduate analysis. The third volume is intended as a first course in abstract linear analysis. This textbook covers metric spaces, normed linear spaces and inner product spaces, along with many other deeper abstract ideas such a completeness, operators and dual spaces. These topics act as an important tool in the development of a mathematically trained scientist. The fourth volume introduces students to concepts from measure theory and continues their training in the abstract way of looking at the world. This is a most important skill to have when your life's work will involve quantitative modeling to gain insight into the real world. This text generalizes the notion of integration to a very abstract setting in a variety of ways. We generalize the notion of the length of an interval to the measure of a set and learn how to construct the usual ideas from integration using measures. We discuss carefully the many notions of convergence that measure theory provides. The final volume introduces graduate students in science with concepts from topology and functional analysis, both linear and nonlinear. It is the fifth book in a series designed to train interested readers how to think properly using mathematical abstractions, and how to use the tools of mathematical analysis in applications. It is important to realize that the most difficult part of applying mathematical reasoning to a new problem domain is choosing the underlying mathematical framework to use on the problem. Once that choice is made, we have many tools we can use to solve the problem. However, a different choice would open up avenues of analysis from a different, perhaps more productive perspective. In this volume, the nature of these critical choices is discussed using applications involving the immune system and cognition. Features: Can be used as a supplementary text for anyone whose work requires that they begin to assimilate more abstract mathematical concepts as part of their professional growth Function as a traditional textbook as well as a resource for self-study Suitable for mathematics students and for those in other disciplines such as biology, physics, and economics and others requiring a careful and solid grounding in the use of abstraction in problem solving Emphasizes learning how to understand the consequences of the underlying assumptions used in building a model Regularly uses computation tools to help understand abstract concepts.