This monograph records progress in approximation theory and harmonic analysis on balls and spheres, and presents contemporary material that will be useful to analysts in this area. While the first part of the book contains mainstream material on the subject, the second and the third parts deal with more specialized topics, such as analysis in weight spaces with reflection invariant weight functions, and analysis on balls and simplexes. The last part of the book features several applications, including cubature formulas, distribution of points on the sphere, and the reconstruction algorithm in computerized tomography. This book is directed at researchers and advanced graduate students in analysis. Mathematicians who are familiar with Fourier analysis and harmonic analysis will understand many of the concepts that appear in this manuscript: spherical harmonics, the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function, the Marcinkiewicz multiplier theorem, the Riesz transform, and doubling weights are all familiar tools to researchers in this area.

Many fundamental theories of modern physics can be considered as descriptions of dynamical systems subjected to constraints. The study of these constrained dynamical systems, and in particular the problems of formulating them as quantum systems, has many profound links with geometry. These links were explored in the Symposium on Geometry and Gravity held at the Newton Institute in 1994. This book, which arose from a conference held during that symposium, is a collection of papers devoted to problems such as Chern-Simons theory, sigma-models, gauge invariance and loop quantization, general relativity and the notion of time, and quantum gravity. They present a lively, varied and topical perspective on this important branch of theoretical physics from some of the leading authorities in the subject, and will be of value to theoretical physicists and mathematicians interested in the latest advances.

This book gathers twenty-two papers presented at the second NLAGA-BIRS Symposium, which was held at Cap Skirring and at the Assane Seck University in Ziguinchor, Senegal, on January 25-30, 2022. The five-day symposium brought together African experts on nonlinear analysis and geometry and their applications, as well as their international partners, to present and discuss mathematical results in various areas. The main goal of the NLAGA project is to advance and consolidate the development of these mathematical fields in West and Central Africa with a focus on solving real-world problems such as coastal erosion, pollution, and urban network and population dynamics problems. The book addresses a range of topics related to partial differential equations, geometric analysis, geometric structures, dynamics, optimization, inverse problems, complex analysis, algebra, algebraic geometry, control theory, stochastic approximations, and modelling.

We have classified the articles presented here in two Sections according to their general content. In Part I we have included papers which deal with statistical mechanics, math ematical aspects of dynamical systems and sthochastic effects in nonequilibrium systems. Part II is devoted mainly to instabilities and self-organization in extended nonequilibrium systems. The study of partial differential equations by numerical and analytic methods plays a great role here and many works are related to this subject. Most recent developments in this fascinating and rapidly growing area are discussed. PART I STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND RELATED TOPICS NONEQUILIBRIUM POTENTIALS FOR PERIOD DOUBLING R. Graham and A. Hamm Fachbereich Physik, Universitiit Gesamthochschule Essen D4300 Essen 1 Germany ABSTRACT. In this lecture we consider the influence of weak stochastic perturbations on period doubling using nonequilibrium potentials, a concept which is explained in section 1 and formulated for the case of maps in section 2. In section 3 nonequilibrium potentials are considered for the family of quadratic maps (a) at the Feigenbaum 'attractor' with Gaussian noise, (b) for more general non Gaussian noise, and (c) for the case of a strange repeller. Our discussion will be informal. A more detailed account of this and related material can be found in our papers [1-3] and in the reviews [4, 5], where further references to related work are also given. 1.

Markov Random Flights is the first systematic presentation of the theory of Markov random flights in the Euclidean spaces of different dimensions. Markov random flights is a stochastic dynamic system subject to the control of an external Poisson process and represented by the stochastic motion of a particle that moves at constant finite speed and changes its direction at random Poisson time instants. The initial (and each new) direction is taken at random according to some probability distribution on the unit sphere. Such stochastic motion is the basic model for describing many real finite-velocity transport phenomena arising in statistical physics, chemistry, biology, environmental science and financial markets. Markov random flights acts as an effective tool for modelling the slow and super-slow diffusion processes arising in various fields of science and technology. Features: Provides the first systematic presentation of the theory of Markov random flights in the Euclidean spaces of different dimensions. Suitable for graduate students and specialists and professionals in applied areas. Introduces a new unified approach based on the powerful methods of mathematical analysis, such as integral transforms, generalized, hypergeometric and special functions. Author Alexander D. Kolesnik is a professor, Head of Laboratory (2015-2019) and principal researcher (since 2020) at the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kishinev (Chisinau), Moldova. He graduated from Moldova State University in 1980 and earned his PhD from the Institute of Mathematics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev in 1991. He also earned a PhD Habilitation in mathematics and physics with specialization in stochastic processes, probability and statistics conferred by the Specialized Council at the Institute of Mathematics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and confirmed by the Supreme Attestation Commission of Ukraine in 2010. His research interests include: probability and statistics, stochastic processes, random evolutions, stochastic dynamic systems, random flights, diffusion processes, transport processes, random walks, stochastic processes in random environments, partial differential equations in stochastic models, statistical physics and wave processes. Dr. Kolesnik has published more than 70 scientific publications, mostly in high-standard international journals and a monograph. He has also acted as external referee for many outstanding international journals in mathematics and physics, being awarded by the "Certificate of Outstanding Contribution in Reviewing" from the journal "Stochastic Processes and their Applications." He was the visiting professor and scholarship holder at universities in Italy and Germany and member of the Board of Global Advisors of the International Federation of Nonlinear Analysts (IFNA), United States of America.

An Image Processing Tour of College Mathematics aims to provide meaningful context for reviewing key topics of the college mathematics curriculum, to help students gain confidence in using concepts and techniques of applied mathematics, to increase student awareness of recent developments in mathematical sciences, and to help students prepare for graduate studies. The topics covered include a library of elementary functions, basic concepts of descriptive statistics, probability distributions of functions of random variables, definitions and concepts behind first- and second-order derivatives, most concepts and techniques of traditional linear algebra courses, an introduction to Fourier analysis, and a variety of discrete wavelet transforms - all of that in the context of digital image processing. Features Pre-calculus material and basic concepts of descriptive statistics are reviewed in the context of image processing in the spatial domain. Key concepts of linear algebra are reviewed both in the context of fundamental operations with digital images and in the more advanced context of discrete wavelet transforms. Some of the key concepts of probability theory are reviewed in the context of image equalization and histogram matching. The convolution operation is introduced painlessly and naturally in the context of naive filtering for denoising and is subsequently used for edge detection and image restoration. An accessible elementary introduction to Fourier analysis is provided in the context of image restoration. Discrete wavelet transforms are introduced in the context of image compression, and the readers become more aware of some of the recent developments in applied mathematics. This text helps students of mathematics ease their way into mastering the basics of scientific computer programming.

Hyperbolic partial di?erential equations describe phenomena of material or wave transport in the applied sciences. Despite of considerable progress in the past decades,the mathematical theory still faces fundamental questions concerningthe in?uenceofnonlinearitiesormultiple characteristicsofthe hyperbolicoperatorsor geometric properties of the domain in which the evolution process is considered. The current volume is dedicated to modern topics of the theory of hyperbolic equations such as evolution equations - multiple characteristics - propagation phenomena - global existence - in?uence of nonlinearities. It is addressed both to specialists and to beginners in these ?elds. The c- tributions are to a large extent self-contained. The ?rst contribution is written by Piero D'Ancona and Vladimir Georgiev. Piero D'Ancona graduated in 1982 from Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa. Since 1997he isfull professorat the Universityof Rome1. Vladimir Georgievgraduated in1981fromtheUniversityofSo?a.Since2000heisfullprofessorattheUniversity of Pisa. The ?rst part of the paper treats the existence of low regularity solutions to the local Cauchy problem associated with wave maps. This introductory part f- lows the classical approach developed by Bourgain, Klainerman, Machedon which yields local well-posedness results for supercritical regularity of the initial data. The nonuniqueness results are establishedbytheauthors under the assumption that the regularity of the initial data is subcritical. The approach is based on the use of self-similar solutions. The third part treats the ill-posedness results of the Cauchy problem for the critical Sobolev regularity. The approach is based on the e?ective application of the properties of a special family of solutions associated with geodesics on the target manifold.

An Introduction to Nonlinear Analysis: Theory is an overview of some basic, important aspects of Nonlinear Analysis, with an emphasis on those not included in the classical treatment of the field. Today Nonlinear Analysis is a very prolific part of modern mathematical analysis, with fascinating theory and many different applications ranging from mathematical physics and engineering to social sciences and economics. Topics covered in this book include the necessary background material from topology, measure theory and functional analysis (Banach space theory). The text also deals with multivalued analysis and basic features of nonsmooth analysis, providing a solid background for the more applications-oriented material of the book An Introduction to Nonlinear Analysis: Applications by the same authors.

The book is self-contained and accessible to the newcomer, complete with numerous examples, exercises and solutions. It is a valuable tool, not only for specialists in the field interested in technical details, but also for scientists entering Nonlinear Analysis in search of promising directions for research.

Considerable attention from the international scientific community is currently focused on the wide ranging applications of wavelets. For the first time, the field's leading experts have come together to produce a complete guide to wavelet transform applications in medicine and biology. Wavelets in Medicine and Biology provides accessible, detailed, and comprehensive guidelines for all those interested in learning about wavelets and their applications to biomedical problems.

This volume deals with first and second order complex equations of hyperbolic and mixed types. Various general boundary value problems for linear and quasilinear complex equations are investigated in detail. To obtain results for complex equations of mixed types, some discontinuous boundary value problems for elliptic complex equations are discussed. Mixed complex equations are included in the quasilinear case, and the text considers both boundary value conditions in the general oblique derivative case and multiply connected domains. Complex analytical methods are used to investigate various problems as well. In particular, hyperbolic numbers and hyperbolic complex functions are introduced to handle hyperbolic complex equations. Researchers and graduate students in mathematical analysis will find this text indispensable.

This book includes information on elementary general topology, the Cauchy Integral Theorem and concepts of homology and homotopy in their application to the Cauchy theory. It is intended for an introductory course in complex analysis at the first-year graduate and advanced undergraduate level.

Multivariable Calculus with Mathematica is a textbook addressing the calculus of several variables. Instead of just using Mathematica to directly solve problems, the students are encouraged to learn the syntax and to write their own code to solve problems. This not only encourages scientific computing skills but at the same time stresses the complete understanding of the mathematics. Questions are provided at the end of the chapters to test the student's theoretical understanding of the mathematics, and there are also computer algebra questions which test the student's ability to apply their knowledge in non-trivial ways. Features Ensures that students are not just using the package to directly solve problems, but learning the syntax to write their own code to solve problems Suitable as a main textbook for a Calculus III course, and as a supplementary text for topics scientific computing, engineering, and mathematical physics Written in a style that engages the students' interest and encourages the understanding of the mathematical ideas

Focuses on the latest research in Graph Theory Provides recent research findings that are occurring in this field Discusses the advanced developments and gives insights on an international and transnational level Identifies the gaps in the results Presents forthcoming international studies and researches, long with applications in Networking, Computer Science, Chemistry, Biological Sciences, etc.

This text provides an introduction to basic concepts in differential topology, differential geometry, and differential equations, and some of the main basic theorems in all three areas: for instance, the existence, uniqueness, and smoothness theorems for differential equations and the flow of a vector field; the basic theory of vector bundles including the existence of tubular neighborhoods for a submanifold; the calculus of differential forms; basic notions of symplectic manifolds, including the canonical 2-form; sprays and covariant derivatives for Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian manifolds; applications to the exponential map, including the Cartan-Hadamard theorem and the first basic theorem of calculus of variations. Although the book grew out of the author's earlier book "Differential and Riemannian Manifolds", the focus has now changed from the general theory of manifolds to general differential geometry, and includes new chapters on Jacobi lifts, tensorial splitting of the double tangent bundle, curvature and the variation formula, a generalization of the Cartan-Hadamard theorem, the semiparallelogram law of Bruhat-Tits and its equivalence with seminegative curvature and the exponential map distance increasing property, a major example of seminegative curvature (the space of positive definite symmetric real matrices), automorphisms and symmetries, and immersions and submersions. These are all covered for infinite-dimensional manifolds, modeled on Banach and Hilbert Spaces, at no cost in complications, and some gain in the elegance of the proofs. In the finite-dimensional case, differential forms of top degree are discussed, leading to Stokes' theorem (even for manifolds with singular boundary), and several of its applications to the differential or Riemannian case. Basic formulas concerning the Laplacian are given, exhibiting several of its features in immersions and submersions.

Model theory is one of the central branches of mathematical logic. The field has evolved rapidly in the last few decades. This book is an introduction to current trends in model theory, and contains a collection of articles authored by top researchers in the field. It is intended as a reference for students as well as senior researchers.

Numerical Methods for Fractional Calculus presents numerical methods for fractional integrals and fractional derivatives, finite difference methods for fractional ordinary differential equations (FODEs) and fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs), and finite element methods for FPDEs. The book introduces the basic definitions and properties of fractional integrals and derivatives before covering numerical methods for fractional integrals and derivatives. It then discusses finite difference methods for both FODEs and FPDEs, including the Euler and linear multistep methods. The final chapter shows how to solve FPDEs by using the finite element method. This book provides efficient and reliable numerical methods for solving fractional calculus problems. It offers a primer for readers to further develop cutting-edge research in numerical fractional calculus. MATLAB (R) functions are available on the book's CRC Press web page.

Advanced Topics in Mathematical Analysis is aimed at researchers, graduate students, and educators with an interest in mathematical analysis, and in mathematics more generally. The book aims to present theory, methods, and applications of the selected topics that have significant, useful relevance to contemporary research.

Serge Lang was an iconic figure in mathematics, both for his own important work and for the indelible impact he left on the field of mathematics, on his students, and on his colleagues. Over the course of his career, Lang traversed a tremendous amount of mathematical ground. As he moved from subject to subject, he found analogies that led to important questions in such areas as number theory, arithmetic geometry, and the theory of negatively curved spaces. Lang's conjectures will keep many mathematicians occupied far into the future. In the spirit of Lang's vast contribution to mathematics, this memorial volume contains articles by prominent mathematicians in a variety of areas of the field, namely Number Theory, Analysis, and Geometry, representing Lang's own breadth of interest and impact. A special introduction by John Tate includes a brief and fascinating account of the Serge Lang's life. This volume's group of 6 editors are also highly prominent mathematicians and were close to Serge Lang, both academically and personally. The volume is suitable to research mathematicians in the areas of Number Theory, Analysis, and Geometry.

Architecture of Mathematics describes the logical structure of Mathematics from its foundations to its real-world applications. It describes the many interweaving relationships between different areas of mathematics and its practical applications, and as such provides unique reading for professional mathematicians and nonmathematicians alike. This book can be a very important resource both for the teaching of mathematics and as a means to outline the research links between different subjects within and beyond the subject. Features All notions and properties are introduced logically and sequentially, to help the reader gradually build understanding. Focusses on illustrative examples that explain the meaning of mathematical objects and their properties. Suitable as a supplementary resource for teaching undergraduate mathematics, and as an aid to interdisciplinary research. Forming the reader's understanding of Mathematics as a unified science, the book helps to increase his general mathematical culture.

This self-contained text provides an introduction to modern harmonic analysis in the context in which it is actually applied, in particular, through complex function theory and partial differential equations. It takes the novice mathematical reader from the rudiments of harmonic analysis (Fourier series) to the Fourier transform, pseudodifferential operators, and finally to Heisenberg analysis.

Merging logic and mathematics in deductive inference—an innovative, cutting-edge approach.

Optimization methods for logical inference? Absolutely, say Vijay Chandru and John Hooker, two major contributors to this rapidly expanding field. And even though "solving logical inference problems with optimization methods may seem a bit like eating sauerkraut with chopsticks. . . it is the mathematical structure of a problem that determines whether an optimization model can help solve it, not the context in which the problem occurs."

Presenting powerful, proven optimization techniques for logic inference problems, Chandru and Hooker show how optimization models can be used not only to solve problems in artificial intelligence and mathematical programming, but also have tremendous application in complex systems in general. They survey most of the recent research from the past decade in logic/optimization interfaces, incorporate some of their own results, and emphasize the types of logic most receptive to optimization methods—propositional logic, first order predicate logic, probabilistic and related logics, logics that combine evidence such as Dempster-Shafer theory, rule systems with confidence factors, and constraint logic programming systems.

Requiring no background in logic and clearly explaining all topics from the ground up, Optimization Methods for Logical Inference is an invaluable guide for scientists and students in diverse fields, including operations research, computer science, artificial intelligence, decision support systems, and engineering.

Metric Fixed Point Theory has proved a flourishing area of research for many mathematicians for the last twenty-five years. This book aims to offer the mathematical community an accessible, self-contained account which can be used as an introduction to the subject and its development. It will be understandable to a wide audience, including non-specialists, and provide a source of examples, references and new approaches for those currently working in the subject.

Advanced Calculus: Theory and Practice, Second Edition offers a text for a one- or two-semester course on advanced calculus or analysis. The text improves students' problem-solving and proof-writing skills, familiarizes them with the historical development of calculus concepts, and helps them understand the connections among different topics. The book explains how various topics in calculus may seem unrelated but have common roots. Emphasizing historical perspectives, the text gives students a glimpse into the development of calculus and its ideas from the age of Newton and Leibniz to the twentieth century. Nearly 300 examples lead to important theorems. Features of the Second Edition: Improved Organization. Chapters are reorganized to address common preferences. Enhanced Coverage of Axiomatic Systems. A section is added to include Peano's system of axioms for the set of natural numbers and their use in developing the well-known properties of the set N. Expanded and Organized Exercise Collection. There are close to 1,000 new exercises, many of them with solutions or hints. Exercises are classified based on the level of difficulty. Computation-oriented exercises are paired and solutions or hints provided for the odd-numbered questions. Enrichment Material. Historical facts and biographies of over 60 mathematicians. Illustrations. Thirty-five new illustrations are added in order to guide students through examples or proofs. About the Author: John Srdjan Petrovic is a professor at Western Michigan University.

This book discusses Change Management Impact Analysis and how this method is used to analysis the risks and benefits of a change management initiative when it pertains to obtaining critical insight into how the change management program budget should be allotted. The process also offers useful indicators for what areas within the system should be monitored during the change management process. This book presents theoretical analysis of practical implications and surveys, along with analysis. It covers the functions aimed at identifying various stakeholders associated with the software such as requirement component, design component, and class component. The book talks about the interrelationship between the change and the effects on the rest of the system and dives deeper to include the critical role that the analysis places on the existing multiple functions such as estimating the development costs, the project overhead costs, cost for the modification of the system, and system strength or detecting errors in the system during the process. Case studies are also included to help researchers and practitioners to absorb the material presented. This book is useful to graduate students, researchers, academicians, institutions, and professionals that interested in exploring the areas of Impact Analysis.

Multiple Fixed-Point Theorems and Applications in the Theory of ODEs, FDEs and PDEs covers all the basics of the subject of fixed-point theory and its applications with a strong focus on examples, proofs and practical problems, thus making it ideal as course material but also as a reference for self-study. Many problems in science lead to nonlinear equations T x + F x = x posed in some closed convex subset of a Banach space. In particular, ordinary, fractional, partial differential equations and integral equations can be formulated like these abstract equations. It is desirable to develop fixed-point theorems for such equations. In this book, the authors investigate the existence of multiple fixed points for some operators that are of the form T + F, where T is an expansive operator and F is a k-set contraction. This book offers the reader an overview of recent developments of multiple fixed-point theorems and their applications. About the Authors Svetlin G. Georgiev is a mathematician who has worked in various areas of mathematics. He currently focuses on harmonic analysis, functional analysis, partial differential equations, ordinary differential equations, Clifford and quaternion analysis, integral equations and dynamic calculus on time scales. Khaled Zennir is assistant professor at Qassim University, KSA. He received his PhD in mathematics in 2013 from Sidi Bel Abbes University, Algeria. He obtained his Habilitation in mathematics from Constantine University, Algeria in 2015. His research interests lie in nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations: global existence, blow up and long-time behavior.