This work presents invited contributions from the second "International Conference on Mathematics and Statistics" jointly organized by the AUS (American University of Sharjah) and the AMS (American Mathematical Society). Addressing several research fields across the mathematical sciences, all of the papers were prepared by faculty members at universities in the Gulf region or prominent international researchers. The current volume is the first of its kind in the UAE and is intended to set new standards of excellence for collaboration and scholarship in the region.

The chapters in this contributed volume explore new results and existing problems in algebra, analysis, and related topics. This broad coverage will help generate new ideas to solve various challenges that face researchers in pure mathematics. Specific topics covered include maximal rotational hypersurfaces, k-Horadam sequences, quantum dynamical semigroups, and more. Additionally, several applications of algebraic number theory and analysis are presented. Algebra, Analysis, and Associated Topics will appeal to researchers, graduate students, and engineers interested in learning more about the impact pure mathematics has on various fields.

Often I have considered the fact that most of the difficulties which block the progress of students trying to learn analysis stem from this: that although they understand little of ordinary algebra, still they attempt this more subtle art. From this it follows not only that they remain on the fringes, but in addition they entertain strange ideas about the concept of the infinite, which they must try to use. Although analysis does not require an exhaustive knowledge of algebra, even of all the algebraic technique so far discovered, still there are topics whose con sideration prepares a student for a deeper understanding. However, in the ordinary treatise on the elements of algebra, these topics are either completely omitted or are treated carelessly. For this reason, I am cer tain that the material I have gathered in this book is quite sufficient to remedy that defect. I have striven to develop more adequately and clearly than is the usual case those things which are absolutely required for analysis. More over, I have also unraveled quite a few knotty problems so that the reader gradually and almost imperceptibly becomes acquainted with the idea of the infinite. There are also many questions which are answered in this work by means of ordinary algebra, although they are usually discussed with the aid of analysis. In this way the interrelationship between the two methods becomes clear."

Approach your problems from the right end It isn't that they can't see the solution. It is and begin with the answers. Then one day. that they can't see the problem. perhaps you will find the final question. G. K. Chesterton. The Scandal of Father 'The Hennit Clad in Crane Feathers' in R. Brown 'The point of a Pin'. van Gulik's The Chinese Maze Murders. Growing specialization and diversification have brought a host of monographs and textbooks on increasingly specialized topics. However, the "tree" of knowledge of mathematics and related fields does not grow only by putting forth new branches. It also happens, quite often in fact, that branches which were thought to be completely disparate are suddenly seen to be related. Further, the kind and level of sophistication of mathematics applied in various sciences has changed drastically in recent years: measure theory is used (non-trivially) in regional and theoretical economics; algebraic geometry interacts with physics; the Minkowsky lemma, coding theory and the structure of water meet one another in packing and covering theory; quantum fields, crystal defects and mathematical programming profit from homotopy theory; Lie algebras are relevant to filtering; and prediction and electrical engineering can use Stein spaces. And in addition to this there are such new emerging subdisciplines as "experimental mathematics," "CFD," "completely integrable systems," "chaos, synergetics and large-scale order," which are almost impossible to fit into the existing classification schemes. They draw upon widely different sections of mathematics.

In topological measure theory, Radon measures are the most important objects. In the context of locally compact spaces, there are two equivalent canonical definitions. As a set function, a Radon measure is an inner compact regular Borel measure, finite on compact sets. As a functional, it is simply a positive linear form, defined on the vector lattice of continuous real-valued functions with compact support. During the last few decades, in particular because of the developments of modem probability theory and mathematical physics, attention has been focussed on measures on general topological spaces which are no longer locally compact, e.g. spaces of continuous functions or Schwartz distributions. For a Radon measure on an arbitrary Hausdorff space, essentially three equivalent definitions have been proposed: As a set function, it was defined by L. Schwartz as an inner compact regular Borel measure which is locally bounded. G. Choquet considered it as a strongly additive right continuous content on the lattice of compact subsets. Following P.A. Meyer, N. Bourbaki defined a Radon measure as a locally uniformly bounded family of compatible positive linear forms, each defined on the vector lattice of continuous functions on some compact subset.

A quadratic differential on aRiemann surface is locally represented by a ho lomorphic function element wh ich transforms like the square of a derivative under a conformal change of the parameter. More generally, one also allows for meromorphic function elements; however, in many considerations it is con venient to puncture the surface at the poles of the differential. One is then back at the holomorphic case. A quadratic differential defines, in a natural way, a field of line elements on the surface, with singularities at the critical points, i.e. the zeros and poles of the differential. The integral curves of this field are called the trajectories of the differential. A large part of this book is about the trajectory structure of quadratic differentials. There are of course local and global aspects to this structure. Be sides, there is the behaviour of an individual trajectory and the structure deter mined by entire subfamilies of trajectories. An Abelian or first order differential has an integral or primitive function is in general not single-valued. In the case of a quadratic on the surface, which differential, one first has to take the square root and then integrate. The local integrals are only determined up to their sign and arbitrary additive constants. However, it is this multivalued function which plays an important role in the theory; the trajectories are the images of the horizontals by single valued branches of its inverse."

Alternating current (AC) induction and synchronous machines are frequently used in variable speed drives with applications ranging from computer peripherals, robotics, and machine tools to railway traction, ship propulsion, and rolling mills. The notable impact of vector control of AC drives on most traditional and new technologies, the multitude of practical configurations proposed, and the absence of books treating this subject as a whole with a unified approach were the driving forces behind the creation of this book.

Vector Control of AC Drives examines the remarkable progress achieved worldwide in vector control from its introduction in 1969 to the current technology. The book unifies the treatment of vector control of induction and synchronous motor drives using the concepts of general flux orientation and the feed-forward (indirect) and feedback (direct) voltage and current vector control. The concept of torque vector control is also introduced and applied to all AC motors. AC models for drive applications developed in complex variables (space phasors), both for induction and synchronous motors, are used throughout the book. Numerous practical implementations of vector control are described in considerable detail, followed by representative digital simulations and test results taken from the recent literature.

Vector Control of AC Drives will be a welcome addition to the reference collections of electrical and mechanical engineers involved with machine and system design.

This text, combining analysis and tools from mathematical probability, focuses on a systematic and novel exposition of a recent trend in pure and applied mathematics. The emphasis is on the unity of basis constructions and their expansions (bases which are computationally efficient), and on their use in several areas: from wavelets to fractals. The aim of this book is to show how to use processes from probability, random walks on branches, and their path-space measures in the study of convergence questions from harmonic analysis, with particular emphasis on the infinite products that arise in the analysis of wavelets. The book brings together tools from engineering (especially signal/image processing) and mathematics (harmonic analysis and operator theory). audience of students and workers in a variety of fields, meeting at the crossroads where they merge; hands-on approach with generous motivation; new pedagogical features to enhance teaching techniques and experience; includes more than 34 figures with detailed captions, illustrating the main ideas and visualizing the deeper connections in the subject; separate sections explain engineering terms to mathematicians and operator theory to engineers; and, interdisciplinary presentation and approach, combining central ideas from mathematical analysis (with a twist in the direction of operator theory and harmonic analysis), probability, computation, physics, and engineering. The presentation includes numerous exercises that are essential to reinforce fundamental concepts by helping both students and applied users practice sketching functions or iterative schemes, as well as to hone computational skills. Graduate students, researchers, applied mathematicians, engineers and physicists alike will benefit from this unique work in book form that fills a gap in the literature.

This textbook introduces the study of partial differential equations using both analytical and numerical methods. By intertwining the two complementary approaches, the authors create an ideal foundation for further study. Motivating examples from the physical sciences, engineering, and economics complete this integrated approach. A showcase of models begins the book, demonstrating how PDEs arise in practical problems that involve heat, vibration, fluid flow, and financial markets. Several important characterizing properties are used to classify mathematical similarities, then elementary methods are used to solve examples of hyperbolic, elliptic, and parabolic equations. From here, an accessible introduction to Hilbert spaces and the spectral theorem lay the foundation for advanced methods. Sobolev spaces are presented first in dimension one, before being extended to arbitrary dimension for the study of elliptic equations. An extensive chapter on numerical methods focuses on finite difference and finite element methods. Computer-aided calculation with Maple (TM) completes the book. Throughout, three fundamental examples are studied with different tools: Poisson's equation, the heat equation, and the wave equation on Euclidean domains. The Black-Scholes equation from mathematical finance is one of several opportunities for extension. Partial Differential Equations offers an innovative introduction for students new to the area. Analytical and numerical tools combine with modeling to form a versatile toolbox for further study in pure or applied mathematics. Illuminating illustrations and engaging exercises accompany the text throughout. Courses in real analysis and linear algebra at the upper-undergraduate level are assumed.

This is the second of three volumes containing the proceedings of the International Colloquium 'Free Boundary Problems: Theory and Applications', held in Montreal from June 13 to June 22, 1990. The main theme of this volume is the concept of free boundary problems associated with solids. The first free boundary problem, the freezing of water - the Stefan problem - is the prototype of solidification problems which form the main part of this volume. The two sections treting this subject cover a large variety of topics and procedures, ranging from a theoretical mathematical treatment of solvability to numerical procedures for practical problems. Some new and interesting problems in solid mechanics are discussed in the first section while in the last section the important new subject of solid-solid-phase transition is examined.

This reference/text desribes the basic elements of the integral, finite, and discrete transforms - emphasizing their use for solving boundary and initial value problems as well as facilitating the representations of signals and systems.;Proceeding to the final solution in the same setting of Fourier analysis without interruption, Integral and Discrete Transforms with Applications and Error Analysis: presents the background of the FFT and explains how to choose the appropriate transform for solving a boundary value problem; discusses modelling of the basic partial differential equations, as well as the solutions in terms of the main special functions; considers the Laplace, Fourier, and Hankel transforms and their variations, offering a more logical continuation of the operational method; covers integral, discrete, and finite transforms and trigonometric Fourier and general orthogonal series expansion, providing an application to signal analysis and boundary-value problems; and examines the practical approximation of computing the resulting Fourier series or integral representation of the final solution and treats the errors incurred.;Containing many detailed examples and numerous end-of-chapter exercises of varying difficulty for each section with answers, Integral and Discrete Transforms with Applications and Error Analysis is a thorough reference for analysts; industrial and applied mathematicians; electrical, electronics, and other engineers; and physicists and an informative text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.

This, the fourth volume of the handbook "Integrals and Series", contains tables of the direct Laplace transforms and includes results set forth in books of a similar kind and in periodical literature. All the tables are arranged in two columns - originals f(x) and corresponding images F(p). The Laplace transformation is extensively used in various problems of pure and applied mathematics. Particularly widespread and effective is its application to problems arising in the theory of operational calculus and its applications, embracing the most diverse branches of science and technology. An important advantage of methods using the Laplace transformation lies in the possibility of compiling tables of various elementary and special functions commonly encountered in applications. A number of Laplace transforms are expressed in terms of Meijer G-function. When combined with the table of special cases of the G-function, these formulae make it possible to obtain Laplace transforms of various elementary and special functions of mathematical physics.

This classic is an ideal introduction for students into the methodology and thinking of higher mathematics. It covers material not usually taught in the more technically-oriented introductory classes and will give students a well-rounded foundation for future studies.

One service mathematics has rendered the 'Et moi, ..., si j'avait su comment en revenir, human race. It has put common sense back je n'y serais point alle.' where it belongs, on the topmost shelf next Jules Verne to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non sense'. The series is divergent; therefore we may be Eric 1'. Bell able to do something with it. O. Heaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics .. .'; 'One service logic has rendered com puter science .. .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics .. .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series."

The theory presented in this book is developed constructively, is based on a few axioms encapsulating the notion of objects (points and sets) being apart, and encompasses both point-set topology and the theory of uniform spaces. While the classical-logic-based theory of proximity spaces provides some guidance for the theory of apartness, the notion of nearness/proximity does not embody enough algorithmic information for a deep constructive development. The use of constructive (intuitionistic) logic in this book requires much more technical ingenuity than one finds in classical proximity theory - algorithmic information does not come cheaply - but it often reveals distinctions that are rendered invisible by classical logic.

In the first chapter the authors outline informal constructive logic and set theory, and, briefly, the basic notions and notations for metric and topological spaces. In the second they introduce axioms for a point-set apartness and then explore some of the consequences of those axioms. In particular, they examine a natural topology associated with an apartness space, and relations between various types of continuity of mappings. In the third chapter the authors extend the notion of point-set (pre-)apartness axiomatically to one of (pre-)apartness between subsets of an inhabited set. They then provide axioms for a quasiuniform space, perhaps the most important type of set-set apartness space. Quasiuniform spaces play a major role in the remainder of the chapter, which covers such topics as the connection between uniform and strong continuity (arguably the most technically difficult part of the book), apartness and convergence in function spaces, types of completeness, and neat compactness. Each chapter has a Notes section, in which are found comments on the definitions, results, and proofs, as well as occasional pointers to future work. The book ends with a Postlude that refers to other constructive approaches to topology, with emphasis on the relation between apartness spaces and formal topology.

Largely an exposition of the authors' own research, this is the first book dealing with the apartness approach to constructive topology, and is a valuable addition to the literature on constructive mathematics and on topology in computer science. It is aimed at graduate students and advanced researchers in theoretical computer science, mathematics, and logic who are interested in constructive/algorithmic aspects of topology.

Largely an exposition of the authors' own research, this is the first book dealing with the apartness approach to constructive topology, and is a valuable addition to the literature on constructive mathematics and on topology in computer science. It is aimed at graduate students and advanced researchers in theoretical computer science, mathematics, and logic who are interested in constructive/algorithmic aspects of topology.

The goal of this monograph is to develop the theory of wavelet harmonic analysis on the sphere. By starting with orthogonal polynomials and functional Hilbert spaces on the sphere, the foundations are laid for the study of spherical harmonics such as zonal functions. The book also discusses the construction of wavelet bases using special functions, especially Bessel, Hermite, Tchebychev, and Gegenbauer polynomials.

This book focuses on the nonlinear dynamics based on the vector fields with univariate quadratic functions. This book is a unique monograph for two-dimensional quadratic nonlinear systems. It provides different points of view about nonlinear dynamics and bifurcations of the quadratic dynamical systems. Such a two-dimensional dynamical system is one of simplest dynamical systems in nonlinear dynamics, but the local and global structures of equilibriums and flows in such two-dimensional quadratic systems help us understand other nonlinear dynamical systems, which is also a crucial step toward solving the Hilbert's sixteenth problem. Possible singular dynamics of the two-dimensional quadratic systems are discussed in detail. The dynamics of equilibriums and one-dimensional flows in two-dimensional systems are presented. Saddle-sink and saddle-source bifurcations are discussed, and saddle-center bifurcations are presented. The infinite-equilibrium states are switching bifurcations for nonlinear systems. From the first integral manifolds, the saddle-center networks are developed, and the networks of saddles, source, and sink are also presented. This book serves as a reference book on dynamical systems and control for researchers, students, and engineering in mathematics, mechanical, and electrical engineering.

The interest in inverse problems of spectral analysis has increased considerably in recent years due to the applications to important non-linear equations in mathematical physics. This monograph is devoted to the detailed theory of inverse problems and methods of their solution for the Sturm-Liouville case. Chapters 1--6 contain proofs which are, in many cases, very different from those known earlier. Chapters 4--6 are devoted to inverse problems of quantum scattering theory with attention being focused on physical applications. Chapters 7--11 are based on the author's recent research on the theory of finite- and infinite-zone potentials. A chapter discussing the applications to the Korteweg--de Vries problem is also included. This monograph is important reading for all researchers in the field of mathematics and physics.

This unified, self-contained book examines the mathematical tools used for decomposing and analyzing functions, specifically, the application of the [discrete] Fourier transform to finite Abelian groups. With countless examples and unique exercise sets at the end of each section, Fourier Analysis on Finite Abelian Groups is a perfect companion to a first course in Fourier analysis. This text introduces mathematics students to subjects that are within their reach, but it also has powerful applications that may appeal to advanced researchers and mathematicians. The only prerequisites necessary are group theory, linear algebra, and complex analysis.

Features the techniques, methods, and applications of calculus using real-world examples from business and economics as well as the life and social sciences An introduction to differential and integral calculus, Fundamentals of Calculus presents key topics suited for a variety of readers in fields ranging from entrepreneurship and economics to environmental and social sciences. Practical examples from a variety of subject areas are featured throughout each chapter and step-by-step explanations for the solutions are presented. Specific techniques are also applied to highlight important information in each section, including symbols interspersed throughout to further reader comprehension. In addition, the book illustrates the elements of finite calculus with the varied formulas for power, quotient, and product rules that correlate markedly with traditional calculus. Featuring calculus as the mathematics of change, each chapter concludes with a historical notes section. Fundamentals of Calculus chapter coverage includes: * Linear Equations and Functions * The Derivative * Using the Derivative * Exponents and Logarithms * Differentiation Techniques * Integral Calculus * Integrations Techniques * Functions of Several Variables * Series and Summations * Applications to Probability Supplemented with online instructional support materials, Fundamentals of Calculus is an ideal textbook for undergraduate students majoring in business, economics, biology, chemistry, and environmental science.

This book addresses the problem of multi-agent systems, considering that it can be interpreted as a generalized multi-synchronization problem. From manufacturing tasks, through encryption and communication algorithms, to high-precision experiments, the simultaneous cooperation between multiple systems or agents is essential to successfully carrying out different modern activities, both in academy and industry. For example, the coordination of multiple assembler robots in manufacturing lines. These agents need to synchronize. The first two chapters of the book describe the synchronization of dynamical systems, paying special attention to the synchronization of non-identical systems. Following, the third chapter presents an interesting application of the synchronization phenomenon for state estimation. Subsequently, the authors fully address the multi-agent problem interpreted as multi-synchronization. The final chapters introduce the reader to a more complex problem, the synchronization of systems governed by partial differential equations, both of integer and fractional order. The book aimed at graduates, postgraduate students and researchers closely related to the area of automatic control. Previous knowledge of linear algebra, classical and fractional calculus is requested, as well as some fundamental notions of graph theory.

This book provides a systematic and comprehensive account of asymptotic sets and functions from which a broad and useful theory emerges in the areas of optimization and variational inequalities. A variety of motivations leads mathematicians to study questions about attainment of the infimum in a minimization problem and its stability, duality and minmax theorems, convexification of sets and functions, and maximal monotone maps. For each there is the central problem of handling unbounded situations. Such problems arise in theory but also within the development of numerical methods. The book focuses on the notions of asymptotic cones and associated asymptotic functions that provide a natural and unifying framework for the resolution of these types of problems. These notions have been used largely and traditionally in convex analysis, yet these concepts play a prominent and independent role in both convex and nonconvex analysis. This book covers convex and nonconvex problems, offering detailed analysis and techniques that go beyond traditional approaches. The book will serve as a useful reference and self-contained text for researchers and graduate students in the fields of modern optimization theory and nonlinear analysis.

This open access book provides a solution theory for time-dependent partial differential equations, which classically have not been accessible by a unified method. Instead of using sophisticated techniques and methods, the approach is elementary in the sense that only Hilbert space methods and some basic theory of complex analysis are required. Nevertheless, key properties of solutions can be recovered in an elegant manner. Moreover, the strength of this method is demonstrated by a large variety of examples, showing the applicability of the approach of evolutionary equations in various fields. Additionally, a quantitative theory for evolutionary equations is developed. The text is self-contained, providing an excellent source for a first study on evolutionary equations and a decent guide to the available literature on this subject, thus bridging the gap to state-of-the-art mathematical research.