The Laplace transform is a wonderful tool for solving ordinary and partial differential equations and has enjoyed much success in this realm. With its success, however, a certain casualness has been bred concerning its application, without much regard for hypotheses and when they are valid. Even proofs of theorems often lack rigor, and dubious mathematical practices are not uncommon in the literature for students. In the present text, I have tried to bring to the subject a certain amount of mathematical correctness and make it accessible to un dergraduates. Th this end, this text addresses a number of issues that are rarely considered. For instance, when we apply the Laplace trans form method to a linear ordinary differential equation with constant coefficients, any(n) + an-lY(n-l) + . . . + aoy = f(t), why is it justified to take the Laplace transform of both sides of the equation (Theorem A. 6)? Or, in many proofs it is required to take the limit inside an integral. This is always fraught with danger, especially with an improper integral, and not always justified. I have given complete details (sometimes in the Appendix) whenever this procedure is required. IX X Preface Furthermore, it is sometimes desirable to take the Laplace trans form of an infinite series term by term. Again it is shown that this cannot always be done, and specific sufficient conditions are established to justify this operation."

This self-contained text provides an introduction to modern harmonic analysis in the context in which it is actually applied, in particular, through complex function theory and partial differential equations. It takes the novice mathematical reader from the rudiments of harmonic analysis (Fourier series) to the Fourier transform, pseudodifferential operators, and finally to Heisenberg analysis.

On the basis of Hua Loo-Kengs results on harmonic analysis on classical groups, the author Gong Sheng develops his subject further, drawing togetherresults of his own research as well as works from other Chinese mathematicians. The book is divided into three parts studying harmonic analysis of various groups. Starting with the discussion on unitary groups in part one, the author moves on to rotation groups and unitary symplectic groups in parts 2 and 3. Thus the book provides a survey of harmonic analysis on characteristic manifold of classical domain of first type for real fields, complex fields and quaternion fields. This study will appeal to a wide range of readers from senior mathematics students up to graduate students and to teachers in this field of mathematics.

Semiconcavity is a natural generalization of concavity that retains most of the good properties known in convex analysis, but arises in a wider range of applications. This text is the first comprehensive exposition of the theory of semiconcave functions, and of the role they play in optimal control and Hamilton-Jacobi equations.

The first part covers the general theory, encompassing all key results and illustrating them with significant examples. The latter part is devoted to applications concerning the Bolza problem in the calculus of variations and optimal exit time problems for nonlinear control systems. The exposition is essentially self-contained since the book includes all prerequisites from convex analysis, nonsmooth analysis, and viscosity solutions.

This self-contained work on linear and metric structures focuses on studying continuity and its applications to finite- and infinite-dimensional spaces. The book is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the basic ideas of linear and metric spaces, including the Jordan canonical form of matrices and the spectral theorem for self-adjoint and normal operators. The second part examines the role of general topology in the context of metric spaces and includes the notions of homotopy and degree. The third and final part is a discussion on Banach spaces of continuous functions, Hilbert spaces and the spectral theory of compact operators. Mathematical Analysis: Linear and Metric Structures and Continuity motivates the study of linear and metric structures with examples, observations, exercises, and illustrations. It may be used in the classroom setting or for self-study by advanced undergraduate and graduate students and as a valuable reference for researchers in mathematics, physics, and engineering. Other books recently published by the authors include: Mathematical Analysis: Functions of One Variable, and Mathematical Analysis: Approximation and Discrete Processes. with a strong foundation in modern-day analysis.

This book presents the proceedings of the international conference Analytic Aspects in Convexity, which was held in Rome in October 2016. It offers a collection of selected articles, written by some of the world's leading experts in the field of Convex Geometry, on recent developments in this area: theory of valuations; geometric inequalities; affine geometry; and curvature measures. The book will be of interest to a broad readership, from those involved in Convex Geometry, to those focusing on Functional Analysis, Harmonic Analysis, Differential Geometry, or PDEs. The book is a addressed to PhD students and researchers, interested in Convex Geometry and its links to analysis.

The analysis of Euclidean space is well-developed. The classical Lie groups that act naturally on Euclidean space-the rotations, dilations, and trans lations-have both shaped and guided this development. In particular, the Fourier transform and the theory of translation invariant operators (convolution transforms) have played a central role in this analysis. Much modern work in analysis takes place on a domain in space. In this context the tools, perforce, must be different. No longer can we expect there to be symmetries. Correspondingly, there is no longer any natural way to apply the Fourier transform. Pseudodifferential operators and Fourier integral operators can playa role in solving some of the problems, but other problems require new, more geometric, ideas. At a more basic level, the analysis of a smoothly bounded domain in space requires a great deal of preliminary spadework. Tubular neighbor hoods, the second fundamental form, the notion of "positive reach," and the implicit function theorem are just some of the tools that need to be invoked regularly to set up this analysis. The normal and tangent bundles become part of the language of classical analysis when that analysis is done on a domain. Many of the ideas in partial differential equations-such as Egorov's canonical transformation theorem-become rather natural when viewed in geometric language. Many of the questions that are natural to an analyst-such as extension theorems for various classes of functions-are most naturally formulated using ideas from geometry."

The monograph is devoted to the study of functional equations with the transformed argument on the real line and on the unit circle. Such equations systematically arise in dynamical systems, differential equations, probabilities, singularities of smooth mappings, and other areas. The purpose of the book is to present modern methods and new results in the subject, with an emphasis on a connection between local and global solvability. The general concepts developed in the book are applicable to multidimensional functional equations. Some of the methods are presented for the first time in the monograph literature.
The book is addressed to graduates and researchers interested in dynamical systems, differential equations, operator theory, or the theory of functions and their applications.

This book is devoted to the broad field of Fourier analysis and its applications to several areas of mathematics, including problems in the theory of pseudo-differential operators, partial differential equations, and time-frequency analysis. It is based on lectures given at the international conference Fourier Analysis and Pseudo-Differential Operators, June 25 30, 2012, at Aalto University, Finland. This collection of 20 refereed articles is based on selected talks and presents the latest advances in the field. The conference was a satellite meeting of the 6th European Congress of Mathematics, which took place in Krakow in July 2012; it was also the 6th meeting in the series Fourier Analysis and Partial Differential Equations. "

This book presents an introduction into Robinson's nonstandard analysis.

Nonstandard analysis is the application of model theory in analysis. However, the reader is not expected to have any background in model theory; instead, some background in analysis, topology, or functional analysis would be useful - although the book is as much self-contained as possible and can be understood after a basic calculus course. Unlike some other texts, it does not attempt to teach elementary calculus on the basis of nonstandard analysis, but it points to some applications in more advanced analysis. Such applications can hardly be obtained by standard methods such as a deeper investigation of Hahn-Banach limits or of finitely additive measures.

This book presents two natural generalizations of continuous mappings, namely usco and quasicontinuous mappings. The first class considers set-valued mappings, the second class relaxes the definition of continuity. Both these topological concepts stem naturally from basic mathematical considerations and have numerous applications that are covered in detail.

This IMA Volume in Mathematics and its Applications ESSAYS ON MATHEMATICAL ROBOTICS is based on the proceedings of a workshop that was an integral part of the 1992-93 IMA program on "Control Theory." The workshop featured a mathematicalintroductionto kinematics and fine motion planning; dynam- ics and control of kinematically redundant robot arms including snake-like robots, multi-fingered robotic hands; methods of non-holonomic motion planning for space robots, multifingered robot hands and mobile robots; new techniques in analytical mechanics for writing the dynamics of com- plicated multi-body systems subject to constraints on angular momentum or other non-holonomic constraints. In addition to papers representing proceedings of the Workshop, this volume contains several longer papers surveying developments of the intervening years. We thank John Baillieul, Shankar S. Sastry, and Hector J. Sussmann for organizing the workshop and editing the proceedings. We also take this opportunity to thank the National Science Foundation and the Army Research Office, whose financial support made the workshop possible. Avner Friedman Willard Miller, Jr.

This book attempts to place the basic ideas of real analysis and numerical analysis together in an applied setting that is both accessible and motivational to young students. The essentials of real analysis are presented in the context of a fundamental problem of applied mathematics, which is to approximate the solution of a physical model. The framework of existence, uniqueness, and methods to approximate solutions of model equations is sufficiently broad to introduce and motivate all the basic ideas of real analysis. The book includes background and review material, numerous examples, visualizations and alternate explanations of some key ideas, and a variety of exercises ranging from simple computations to analysis and estimates to computations on a computer. The book can be used in an honor calculus sequence typically taken by freshmen planning to major in engineering, mathematics, and science, or in an introductory course in rigorous real analysis offered to mathematics majors. Donald Estep is Professor of Mathematics at Colorado State University. He is the author of Computational Differential Equations, with K. Eriksson, P. Hansbo and C. Johnson (Cambridge University Press 1996) and Error of Numerical Solutions of Systems of Nonlinear Reaction-Diffusion Equations with M. Larson and R. Williams (A.M.S. 2000), and recently co-edited Collected Lectures on the Preservation of Stability under Discretization, with Simon Tavener (S.I.A.M., 2002), as well as numerous research articles. His research interests include computational error estimation and adaptive finite element methods, numerical solution of evolutionary problems, and computational investigation of physical models.

This book presents the foundation of the theory of almost automorphic functions in abstract spaces and the theory of almost periodic functions in locally and non-locally convex spaces and their applications in differential equations. Since the publication of Almost automorphic and almost periodic functions in abstract spaces (Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 2001), there has been a surge of interest in the theory of almost automorphic functions and applications to evolution equations. Several generalizations have since been introduced in the literature, including the study of almost automorphic sequences, and the interplay between almost periodicity and almost automorphic has been exposed for the first time in light of operator theory, complex variable functions and harmonic analysis methods. As such, the time has come for a second edition to this work, which was one of the most cited books of the year 2001. This new edition clarifies and improves upon earlier materials, includes many relevant contributions and references in new and generalized concepts and methods, and answers the longtime open problem, "What is the number of almost automorphic functions that are not almost periodic in the sense of Bohr?" Open problems in non-locally convex valued almost periodic and almost automorphic functions are also indicated. As in the first edition, materials are presented in a simplified and rigorous way. Each chapter is concluded with bibliographical notes showing the original sources of the results and further reading.

This book illustrates the wide range of research subjects developed by the Italian research group in harmonic analysis, originally started by Alessandro Figa-Talamanca, to whom it is dedicated in the occasion of his retirement. In particular, it outlines some of the impressive ramifications of the mathematical developments that began when Figa-Talamanca brought the study of harmonic analysis to Italy; the research group that he nurtured has now expanded to cover many areas. Therefore the book is addressed not only to experts in harmonic analysis, summability of Fourier series and singular integrals, but also in potential theory, symmetric spaces, analysis and partial differential equations on Riemannian manifolds, analysis on graphs, trees, buildings and discrete groups, Lie groups and Lie algebras, and even in far-reaching applications as for instance cellular automata and signal processing (low-discrepancy sampling, Gaussian noise).

Intended for beginners in ergodic theory, this introductory textbook addresses students as well as researchers in mathematical physics. The main novelty is the systematic treatment of characteristic problems in ergodic theory by a unified method in terms of convergent power series and renormalization group methods, in particular. Basic concepts of ergodicity, like Gibbs states, are developed and applied to, e.g., Asonov systems or KAM Theroy. Many examples illustrate the ideas and, in addition, a substantial number of interesting topics are treated in the form of guided problems.

The manuscript gives a coherent and detailed account of the theory of series in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It provides in one place an account of many results that are generally to be found - if at all - scattered throughout the historical and textbook literature. It presents the subject from the viewpoint of the mathematicians of the period, and is careful to distinguish earlier conceptions from ones that prevail today.

Here is a modern introduction to the theory of tensor algebra and tensor analysis. It discusses tensor algebra and introduces differential manifold. Coverage also details tensor analysis, differential forms, connection forms, and curvature tensor. In addition, the book investigates Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian manifolds in great detail. Throughout, examples and problems are furnished from the theory of relativity and continuum mechanics.

This work, consisting of expository articles as well as research papers, highlights recent developments in nonlinear analysis and differential equations. The material is largely an outgrowth of autumn school courses and seminars held at the University of Lisbon and has been thoroughly refereed.

Several topics in ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations are the focus of key articles, including:

* periodic solutions of systems with p-Laplacian type operators (J. Mawhin)

* bifurcation in variational inequalities (K. Schmitt)

* a geometric approach to dynamical systems in the plane via twist theorems (R. Ortega)

* asymptotic behavior and periodic solutions for Navier--Stokes equations (E. Feireisl)

* mechanics on Riemannian manifolds (W. Oliva)

* techniques of lower and upper solutions for ODEs (C. De Coster and P. Habets)

A number of related subjects dealing with properties of solutions, e.g., bifurcations, symmetries, nonlinear oscillations, are treated in other articles.

This volume reflects rich and varied fields of research and will be a useful resource for mathematicians and graduate students in the ODE and PDE community.

This is the first volume of a modern introduction to quantum field theory which addresses both mathematicians and physicists, at levels ranging from advanced undergraduate students to professional scientists. The book bridges the acknowledged gap between the different languages used by mathematicians and physicists. For students of mathematics the author shows that detailed knowledge of the physical background helps to motivate the mathematical subjects and to discover interesting interrelationships between quite different mathematical topics. For students of physics, fairly advanced mathematics is presented, which goes beyond the usual curriculum in physics.

This book provides an overview of some of the most active topics in the theory of transformation groups over the past decades and stresses advances obtained in the last dozen years. The emphasis is on actions of Lie groups on manifolds and CW complexes. Manifolds and actions of Lie groups on them are studied in the linear, semialgebraic, definable, analytic, smooth, and topological categories. Equivalent vector bundles play an important role.

The work is divided into fifteen articles and will be of interest to anyone researching or studying transformations groups. The references make it easy to find details and original accounts of the topics surveyed, including tools and theories used in these accounts.

Developed in this book are several deep connections between time-frequency (Fourier/Gabor) analysis and time-scale (wavelet) analysis, emphasizing the powerful adaptive methods that emerge when separate techniques from each area are properly assembled in a larger context. While researchers at the forefront of these areas are well aware of the benefits of such a unified approach, there remains a knowledge gap in the larger community of practitioners about the precise strengths and limitations of Fourier/Gabor analysis versus wavelets. This book fills that gap by presenting the interface of time-frequency and time-scale methods as a rich area of work. "Foundations of Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Methods" will be suitable for applied mathematicians and engineers in signal/image processing and communication theory, as well as researchers and students in mathematical analysis, signal analysis, and mathematical physics.

Extending the well-known connection between classical linear potential theory and probability theory (through the interplay between harmonic functions and martingales) to the nonlinear case of tug-of-war games and their related partial differential equations, this unique book collects several results in this direction and puts them in an elementary perspective in a lucid and self-contained fashion.

This book is an introduction to level set methods and dynamic implicit surfaces. These are powerful techniques for analyzing and computing moving fronts in a variety of different settings. While it gives many examples of the utility of the methods to a diverse set of applications, it also gives complete numerical analysis and recipes, which will enable users to quickly apply the techniques to real problems. The book begins with a description of implicit surfaces and their basic properties, then devises the level set geometry and calculus toolbox, including the construction of signed distance functions. Part II adds dynamics to this static calculus. Topics include the level set equation itself, Hamilton-Jacobi equations, motion of a surface normal to itself, re-initialization to a signed distance function, extrapolation in the normal direction, the particle level set method and the motion of co-dimension two (and higher) objects. Part III is concerned with topics taken from the fields of Image Processing and Computer Vision. These include the restoration of images degraded by noise and blur, image segmentation with active contours (snakes), and reconstruction of surfaces from unorganized data points. Part IV is dedicated to Computational Physics. It begins with one phase compressible fluid dynamics, then two-phase compressible flow involving possibly different equations of state, detonation and deflagration waves, and solid/fluid structure interaction. Next it discusses incompressible fluid dynamics, including a computer graphics simulation of smoke, free surface flows, including a computer graphics simulation of water, and fully two-phase incompressible flow. Additional related topics include incompressible flames with applications to computer graphics and coupling a compressible and incompressible fluid. Finally, heat flow and Stefan problems are discussed. A student or researcher working in mathematics, computer graphics, science, or engineering interested in any dynamic moving front, which might change its topology or develop singularities, will find this book interesting and useful.

Simple Ordinary Differential Equations may have solutions in terms of power series whose coefficients grow at such a rate that the series has a radius of convergence equal to zero. In fact, every linear meromorphic system has a formal solution of a certain form, which can be relatively easily computed, but which generally involves such power series diverging everywhere. In this book the author presents the classical theory of meromorphic systems of ODE in the new light shed upon it by the recent achievements in the theory of summability of formal power series.