This book gives an up-to-date account of the theory of strongly continuous one-parameter semigroups of linear operators. It includes a systematic discussion of the spectral theory and the long-term behavior of such semigroups. A special feature of the text is an unusually wide range of applications, e.g., to ordinary and partial differential operators, delay and Volterra equations and to control theory, and an emphasis on philosophical motivation and the historical background. The book is written for students, but should also be of value for researchers interested in this field.

This book is designed for students in engineering, physics and mathematics. The material can be taught from the beginning of the third academic year. It could also be used for self study, given its pedagogical structure and the numerous solved problems which prepare for modem physics and technology. One of the original aspects of this work is the development together of the basic theory of tensors and the foundations of continuum mechanics. Why two books in one? Firstly, Tensor Analysis provides a thorough introduction of intrinsic mathematical entities, called tensors, which is essential for continuum mechanics. This way of proceeding greatly unifies the various subjects. Only some basic knowledge of linear algebra is necessary to start out on the topic of tensors. The essence of the mathematical foundations is introduced in a practical way. Tensor developments are often too abstract, since they are either aimed at algebraists only, or too quickly applied to physicists and engineers. Here a good balance has been found which allows these extremes to be brought closer together. Though the exposition of tensor theory forms a subject in itself, it is viewed not only as an autonomous mathematical discipline, but as a preparation for theories of physics and engineering. More specifically, because this part of the work deals with tensors in general coordinates and not solely in Cartesian coordinates, it will greatly help with many different disciplines such as differential geometry, analytical mechanics, continuum mechanics, special relativity, general relativity, cosmology, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, etc .."

An Introduction to Nonlinear Analysis: Applications offers an exposition of the main applications of Nonlinear Analysis. Its starting point is a chapter on Nonlinear Operators and Fixed Points, a connecting point and bridge from Nonlinear Analysis theory to its applications. The topics covered include applications to ordinary and partial differential equations, optimization, optimal control, calculus of variations and mathematical economics.

This book is an excellent springboard for anyone wishing to conduct advanced research or work on a postgraduate text. Many exercises and their solutions complement the presentation.

The text is a companion to An Introduction to Nonlinear Analysis: Theory by the same authors.

Approach your problems from the right end It isn't that they can't see the solution. It is and begin with the answers. Then one day, that they can't see the problem. perhaps you will find the final question. G. K. Chesterton. The Scandal of Father 'The Hermit Oad in Crane Feathers' in R. Brown 'The point of a Pin'. van Gulik's The Chinese Maze Murders. Growing specialization and diversification have brought a host of monographs and textbooks on increasingly specialized topics. However, the "tree" of knowledge of mathematics and related fields does not grow only by putting forth new branches. It also happens, quite often in fact, that branches which were thought to be completely disparate are suddenly seen to be related. Further, the kind and level of sophistication of mathematics applied in various sciences has changed drastically in recent years: measure theory is used (non-trivially) in regional and theoretical economics; algebraic geometry interacts with physics; the Minkowsky lemma, coding theory and the structure of water meet one another in packing and covering theory; quantum fields, crystal defects and mathematical programming profit from homotopy theory; Lie algebras are relevant to filtering; and prediction and electrical engineering can use Stein spaces. And in addition to this there are such new emerging subdisciplines as "experimental mathematics," "CFD," "completely integrable systems," "chaos, synergetics and large-scale order," which are almost impossible to fit into the existing classification schemes. They draw upon widely different sections of mathematics.

This volume represents a broad survey of current research in the fields of nonlinear analysis and nonlinear differential equations. It is dedicated to Djairo G. de Figueiredo on the occasion of his 70th birthday. The collection of 34 research and survey articles reflects the wide range of interests of Djairo de Figueiredo, including:
- various types of nonlinear partial differential equations and systems, in particular equations of elliptic, parabolic, hyperbolic and mixed type;
- equations of SchrAdinger, Maxwell, Navier-Stokes, Bernoulli-Euler, Seiberg-Witten, Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg;
- existence, uniqueness and multiplicity of solutions;
- critical Sobolev growth and connected phenomena;
- qualitative properties, regularity and shape of solutions;
- inequalities, a-priori estimates and asymptotic behavior;
- various applications to models such as asymptotic membranes, nonlinear plates and inhomogeneous fluids.
The contributions of so many distinguished mathematicians to this volume document the importance and lasting influence of the mathematical research of Djairo de Figueiredo. The book thus is a source of new ideas and results and should appeal to graduate students and mathematicians interested in nonlinear problems.

Harmonic analysis and probability have long enjoyed a mutually beneficial relationship that has been rich and fruitful. This monograph, aimed at researchers and students in these fields, explores several aspects of this relationship. The primary focus of the text is the nontangential maximal function and the area function of a harmonic function and their probabilistic analogues in martingale theory. The text first gives the requisite background material from harmonic analysis and discusses known results concerning the nontangential maximal function and area function, as well as the central and essential role these have played in the development of the field.The book next discusses further refinements of traditional results: among these are sharp good-lambda inequalities and laws of the iterated logarithm involving nontangential maximal functions and area functions. Many applications of these results are given. Throughout, the constant interplay between probability and harmonic analysis is emphasized and explained. The text contains some new and many recent results combined in a coherent presentation.

This textbook gives a comprehensive introduction to stochastic processes and calculus in the fields of finance and economics, more specifically mathematical finance and time series econometrics. Over the past decades stochastic calculus and processes have gained great importance, because they play a decisive role in the modeling of financial markets and as a basis for modern time series econometrics. Mathematical theory is applied to solve stochastic differential equations and to derive limiting results for statistical inference on nonstationary processes. This introduction is elementary and rigorous at the same time. On the one hand it gives a basic and illustrative presentation of the relevant topics without using many technical derivations. On the other hand many of the procedures are presented at a technically advanced level: for a thorough understanding, they are to be proven. In order to meet both requirements jointly, the present book is equipped with a lot of challenging problems at the end of each chapter as well as with the corresponding detailed solutions. Thus the virtual text - augmented with more than 60 basic examples and 40 illustrative figures - is rather easy to read while a part of the technical arguments is transferred to the exercise problems and their solutions.

As its title indicates, this book is intended to serve as a textbook for an introductory course in mathematical analysis. In preliminary form the book has been used in this way at the University of Michigan, Indiana University, and Texas A&M University, and has proved serviceable. In addition to its primary purpose as a textbook for a formal course, however, it is the authors' hope that this book will also prove of value to readers interested in studying mathematical analysis on their own. Indeed, we believe the wealth and variety of examples and exercises will be especially conducive to this end. A word on prerequisites. With what mathematical background might a prospective reader hope to profit from the study of this book? Our con scious intent in writing it was to address the needs of a beginning graduate student in mathematics, or, to put matters slightly differently, a student who has completed an undergraduate program with a mathematics ma jor. On the other hand, the book is very largely self-contained and should therefore be accessible to a lower classman whose interest in mathematical analysis has already been awakened."

Kiyosi Ito, the founder of stochastic calculus, is one of the few central figures of the twentieth century mathematics who reshaped the mathematical world. Today stochastic calculus is a central research field with applications in several other mathematical disciplines, for example physics, engineering, biology, economics and finance.

The Abel Symposium 2005 was organized as a tribute to the work of Kiyosi Ito on the occasion of his 90th birthday. Distinguished researchers from all over the world were invited to present the newest developments within the exciting and fast growing field of stochastic analysis. The present volume combines both papers from the invited speakers and contributions by the presenting lecturers.

A special feature is the Memoirs that Kiyoshi Ito wrote for this occasion. These are valuable pages for both young and established researchers in the field.

Probably, we are obliged to Science, more than to any other field of the human activity, for the origin of our sense that collective efforts are necessary indeed. F. Joliot-Curie The study of autowave processes is a young science. Its basic concepts and methods are still in the process of formation, and the field of its applications to various domains of natural sciences is expanding continuously. Spectacular examples of various autowave processes are observed experimentally in numerous laboratories of quite different orientations, dealing with investigations in physics, chemistry and biology. It is O1). r opinion, however, that if a history of the discovery of autowaves will he written some day its author should surely mention three fundamental phenomena which were the sources of the domain in view. "Ve mean combustion and phase transition waves, waves in chemical reactors where oxidation-reduction processes take place, and propagation of excitations in nerve fibres. The main tools of the theory of autowave processes are various methods used for investigating nonlinear discrete or distributed oscillating systems, the mathe matical theory of nonlinear parabolic differential equations, and methods of the theory of finite automata. It is noteworthy that the theory of autowave, ., has been greatly contributed to be work of brilliant mathematicians who anticipated the experimental discoveries in their abstract studies. One should mention R. Fishel' (1937), A. N. Kolmogorov, G. 1. Petrovskii, and N. S. Piskunov (1937), N. Wiener and A. Rosenbluth (1946), A. Turing (1952)."

A novel feature of the book is its integrated approach to algebraic surface theory and the study of vector bundle theory on both curves and surfaces. While the two subjects remain separate through the first few chapters, they become much more tightly interconnected as the book progresses. Thus vector bundles over curves are studied to understand ruled surfaces, and then reappear in the proof of Bogomolov's inequality for stable bundles, which is itself applied to study canonical embeddings of surfaces via Reider's method. Similarly, ruled and elliptic surfaces are discussed in detail, before the geometry of vector bundles over such surfaces is analysed. Many of the results on vector bundles appear for the first time in book form, backed by many examples, both of surfaces and vector bundles, and over 100 exercises forming an integral part of the text. Aimed at graduates with a thorough first-year course in algebraic geometry, as well as more advanced students and researchers in the areas of algebraic geometry, gauge theory, or 4-manifold topology, many of the results on vector bundles will also be of interest to physicists studying string theory.

Schur analysis originates with a 1917 paper by Schur where he associated to a function analytic and contractive in the open unit disk a sequence, finite or infinite, of numbers in the open unit disk, called Schur coefficients. In signal processing, they are often called reflection coefficients. Under the word "Schur analysis" one encounters a variety of problems related to Schur functions such as interpolation problems, moment problems, study of the relationships between the Schur coefficients and the properties of the function, study of underlying operators and others.

This volume is almost entirely dedicated to the analysis of Schur and CarathA(c)odory functions and to the solutions of problems for these classes.

These are the proceedings of the international conference on "Nonlinear numerical methods and Rational approximation II" organised by Annie Cuyt at the University of Antwerp (Belgium), 05-11 September 1993. It was held for the third time in Antwerp at the conference center of UIA, after successful meetings in 1979 and 1987 and an almost yearly tradition since the early 70's. The following figures illustrate the growing number of participants and their geographical dissemination. In 1993 the Belgian scientific committee consisted of A. Bultheel (Leuven), A. Cuyt (Antwerp), J. Meinguet (Louvain-Ia-Neuve) and J.-P. Thiran (Namur). The conference focused on the use of rational functions in different fields of Numer ical Analysis. The invited speakers discussed "Orthogonal polynomials" (D. S. Lu binsky), "Rational interpolation" (M. Gutknecht), "Rational approximation" (E. B. Saff), "Pade approximation" (A. Gonchar) and "Continued fractions" (W. B. Jones). In contributed talks multivariate and multidimensional problems, applications and implementations of each main topic were considered. To each of the five main topics a separate conference day was devoted and a separate proceedings chapter compiled accordingly. In this way the proceedings reflect the organisation of the talks at the conference. Nonlinear numerical methods and rational approximation may be a nar row field for the outside world, but it provides a vast playground for the chosen ones. It can fascinate specialists from Moscow to South-Africa, from Boulder in Colorado and from sunny Florida to Zurich in Switzerland."

These proceedings report on the conference "Math Everywhere," celebrating the 60th birthday of the mathematician Vincenzo Capasso. The conference promoted ideas Capasso has pursued and shared the open atmosphere he is known for. Topic sections include: Deterministic and Stochastic Systems. Mathematical Problems in Biology, Medicine and Ecology. Mathematical Problems in Industry and Economics. The broad spectrum of contributions to this volume demonstrates the truth of its title: Math is Everywhere, indeed.

The main concern of this book is the distribution of zeros of polynomials that are orthogonal on the unit circle with respect to an indefinite weighted scalar or inner product. The first theorem of this type, proved by M. G. Krein, was a far-reaching generalization of G. Szeg 's result for the positive definite case. A continuous analogue of that theorem was proved by Krein and H. Langer. These results, as well as many generalizations and extensions, are thoroughly treated in this book. A unifying theme is the general problem of orthogonalization with invertible squares in modules over C*-algebras. Particular modules that are considered in detail include modules of matrices, matrix polynomials, matrix-valued functions, linear operators, and others. One of the central features of this book is the interplay between orthogonal polynomials and their generalizations on the one hand, and operator theory, especially the theory of Toeplitz marices and operators, and Fredholm and Wiener-Hopf operators, on the other hand. The book is of interest to both engineers and specialists in analysis.

The purpose of this book is to present some new methods in the treatment of partial differential equations. Some of these methods lead to effective numerical algorithms when combined with the digital computer. Also presented is a useful chapter on Green's functions which generalizes, after an introduction, to new methods of obtaining Green's functions for partial differential operators. Finally some very new material is presented on solving partial differential equations by Adomian's decomposition methodology. This method can yield realistic computable solutions for linear or non linear cases even for strong nonlinearities, and also for deterministic or stochastic cases - again even if strong stochasticity is involved. Some interesting examples are discussed here and are to be followed by a book dealing with frontier applications in physics and engineering. In Chapter I, it is shown that a use of positive operators can lead to monotone convergence for various classes of nonlinear partial differential equations. In Chapter II, the utility of conservation technique is shown. These techniques are suggested by physical principles. In Chapter III, it is shown that dyn mic programming applied to variational problems leads to interesting classes of nonlinear partial differential equations. In Chapter IV, this is investigated in greater detail. In Chapter V, we show. that the use of a transformation suggested by dynamic programming leads to a new method of successive approximations."

In 2008, November 23-28, the workshop of "Classical Problems on Planar Polynomial Vector Fields " was held in the Banff International Research Station, Canada. Called "classical problems", it was concerned with the following: (1) Problems on integrability of planar polynomial vector fields. (2) The problem of the center stated by Poincare for real polynomial differential systems, which asks us to recognize when a planar vector field defined by polynomials of degree at most n possesses a singularity which is a center. (3) Global geometry of specific classes of planar polynomial vector fields. (4) Hilbert's 16th problem. These problems had been posed more than 110 years ago. Therefore, they are called "classical problems" in the studies of the theory of dynamical systems. The qualitative theory and stability theory of differential equations, created by Poincare and Lyapunov at the end of the 19th century, had major developments as two branches of the theory of dynamical systems during the 20th century. As a part of the basic theory of nonlinear science, it is one of the very active areas in the new millennium. This book presents in an elementary way the recent significant developments in the qualitative theory of planar dynamical systems. The subjects are covered as follows: the studies of center and isochronous center problems, multiple Hopf bifurcations and local and global bifurcations of the equivariant planar vector fields which concern with Hilbert's 16th problem. The book is intended for graduate students, post-doctors and researchers in dynamical systems. For all engineers who are interested in the theory of dynamical systems, it is also a reasonable reference. It requires a minimum background of a one-year course on nonlinear differential equations.

Useful both as a text for students and as a source of reference for the more advanced mathematician, this book presents a unified treatment of that part of measure theory which is most useful for its application in modern analysis. Topics studied include sets and classes, measures and outer measures, measurable functions, integration, general set functions, product spaces, transformations, probability, locally compact spaces, Haar measure and measure and topology in groups. The text is suitable for the beginning graduate student as well as the advanced undergraduate.

This special volume is dedicated to Boris M. Mordukhovich, on the occasion of his 60th birthday, and aims to celebrate his fundamental contributionsto variational analysis, generalizeddifferentiationand their applications.A main exampleof these contributions is Boris' recent opus magnus "Variational Analysis and Generalized Differentiation"(vols. I and II) [2,3]. A detailed explanationand careful description of Boris' research and achievements can be found in [1]. Boris' active work and jovial attitude have constantly inspired researchers of several generations, with whom he has generously shared his knowledgeand ent- siasm, along with his well-known warmth and human touch. Variationalanalysis is a rapidlygrowing?eld within pure and applied mathem- ics, with numerous applications to optimization, control theory, economics, en- neering, and other disciplines. Each of the 12 chapters of this volume is a carefully reviewed paper in the ?eld of variational analysis and related topics. Many chapters of this volume were presented at the International Symposium on Variational Analysis and Optimization (ISVAO), held in the Department of Applied Mathematics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, from November 28 to November 30, 2008. The symposium was organized in honour of Boris' 60thbirthday.It broughttogetherBorisandotherresearchersto discusssta- of-the-art results in variational analysis and its applications, with emphasis on op- mization and control. We thank the organizers and participants of the symposium, who made the symposium a highly bene?cial and enjoyable event. We are also grateful to all the authors of this special volume, who have taken the opportunityto celebrate Boris' birthdayand his decadesof contributionsto the area.

Together with recent trends in local convergence, semilocal convergence analysis constitutes a natural framework for the theoretical study of iterative methods. This monograph is the first to adequately cover both basic theory and new results in the area. It treats iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations with particular emphasis on theoretical aspects of semilocal convergence of Newton-type methods. An ideal introduction to the field, the book primarily contains research results obtained by the author, extending classical theorems, such as convergence results under weaker hypothesis, enlargement of the radius of convergence, improvements of certain constants or bounds.

Most of the problems posed by Physics to Mathematical Analysis are boundary value problems for partial differential equations and systems. Among them, the problems concerning linear evolution equations have an outstanding position in the study of the physical world, namely in fluid dynamics, elastodynamics, electromagnetism, plasma physics and so on. This Institute was devoted to these problems. It developed essentially the new methods inspired by Functional Analysis and specially by the theories of Hilbert spaces, distributions and ultradistributions. The lectures brought a detailed exposition of the novelties in this field by world known specialists. We held the Institute at the Sart Tilman Campus of the University of Liege from September 6 to 17, 1976. It was attended by 99 participants, 79 from NATO Countries [Belgium (30), Canada (2), Denmark (I), France (15), West Germany (9), Italy (5), Turkey (3), USA (14)] and 20 from non NATO Countries [Algeria (2), Australia (3), Austria (I), Finland (1), Iran (3), Ireland (I), Japan (6), Poland (1), Sweden (I), Zair (1)]. There were 5 courses of_ 6_ h. ollI'. s~. 1. nL lJ. , h. t;l. l. I. rl"~, 1. n,L ,_ h. t;l. l. I. r. !'~ , ?_ n. f~ ?_ h,,

This unique book on the subject addresses fundamental problems and will be the standard reference for a long time to come. The authors have different scientific origins and combine these successfully, creating a text aimed at graduate students and researchers that can be used for courses and seminars.

Multiple Dirichlet Series, L-functions and Automorphic Forms gives the latest advances in the rapidly developing subject of Multiple Dirichlet Series, an area with origins in the theory of automorphic forms that exhibits surprising and deep connections to crystal graphs and mathematical physics. As such, it represents a new way in which areas including number theory, combinatorics, statistical mechanics, and quantum groups are seen to fit together. The volume also includes papers on automorphic forms and L-functions and related number-theoretic topics. This volume will be a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in number theory, combinatorics, representation theory, mathematical physics, and special functions. Contributors: J. Beineke, B. Brubaker, D. Bump, G. Chinta, G. Cornelissen, C.A. Diaconu, S. Frechette, S. Friedberg, P. Garrett, D. Goldfeld, P.E. Gunnells, B. Heim, J. Hundley, D. Ivanov, Y. Komori, A.V. Kontorovich, O. Lorscheid, K. Matsumoto, P.J. McNamara, S.J. Patterson, M. Suzuki, H. Tsumura.