Approach your problems from the right end and begin with the answers. Then one day, perhaps you will find the final answer. "The Hermit Clad In Crane Feathers" In R. van Gullk's The Chinese Haze Hurders. It Isn't that they can't see the solution. It IS that they can't see the problem. G. K. Chesterton. The Scandal of Father Brown. "The POint of a Pin." Growing specialization and diversification have brought a host of monographs and textbooks on increasingly specialized topics. However, the "tree" of k now ledge of m athemat i cs and re I ated fie I ds does not grow only by putting forth new branches. It also happens, quite often in fact, that branches which were thought to be completely disparate are suddenly seen to be related. Further, the kind and level of sophistication of mathematics applied in various sciences has changed drastically in recent years: measure theory is used (non-trivially) in regional and theoretical economics; algebraic geometry interacts with physics; the Minkowsky lemma, COding theory and the structure of water meet one another in packing and covering theory; quantum fields, crystal defects and mathematical programming profit from homotopy theory; Lie algebras are relevant to filtering; and prediction and electrical engineering can use Stein spaces. And In addition to this there are such new emerging subdisciplines as "experimental mathematics," "CFD," "completely Integrable systems," "chaos, synergetics and large-scale order," which are almost impossible to fit into the eXisting classificatIOn schemes.

Complex analysis is found in many areas of applied mathematics, from fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, signal processing, control theory, mechanical and electrical engineering to quantum mechanics, among others. And of course, it is a fundamental branch of pure mathematics. The coverage in this text includes advanced topics that are not always considered in more elementary texts. These topics include, a detailed treatment of univalent functions, harmonic functions, subharmonic and superharmonic functions, Nevanlinna theory, normal families, hyperbolic geometry, iteration of rational functions, and analytic number theory. As well, the text includes in depth discussions of the Dirichlet Problem, Green's function, Riemann Hypothesis, and the Laplace transform. Some beautiful color illustrations supplement the text of this most elegant subject.

Presents an important and unique introduction to random walk theory Random walk is a stochastic process that has proven to be a useful model in understanding discrete-state discrete-time processes across a wide spectrum of scientific disciplines. Elements of Random Walk and Diffusion Processes provides an interdisciplinary approach by including numerous practical examples and exercises with real-world applications in operations research, economics, engineering, and physics. Featuring an introduction to powerful and general techniques that are used in the application of physical and dynamic processes, the book presents the connections between diffusion equations and random motion. Standard methods and applications of Brownian motion are addressed in addition to Levy motion, which has become popular in random searches in a variety of fields. The book also covers fractional calculus and introduces percolation theory and its relationship to diffusion processes. With a strong emphasis on the relationship between random walk theory and diffusion processes, Elements of Random Walk and Diffusion Processes features: * Basic concepts in probability, an overview of stochastic and fractional processes, and elements of graph theory * Numerous practical applications of random walk across various disciplines, including how to model stock prices and gambling, describe the statistical properties of genetic drift, and simplify the random movement of molecules in liquids and gases * Examples of the real-world applicability of random walk such as node movement and node failure in wireless networking, the size of the Web in computer science, and polymers in physics * Plentiful examples and exercises throughout that illustrate the solution of many practical problems Elements of Random Walk and Diffusion Processes is an ideal reference for researchers and professionals involved in operations research, economics, engineering, mathematics, and physics. The book is also an excellent textbook for upper-undergraduate and graduate level courses in probability and stochastic processes, stochastic models, random motion and Brownian theory, random walk theory, and diffusion process techniques.

In addition to expanding and clarifying a number of sections of the first edition, it generalizes the analysis that eliminates the noncausal pre-acceleration so that it applies to removing any pre-deceleration as well. It also introduces a robust power series solution to the equation of motion that produces an extremely accurate solution to problems such as the motion of electrons in uniform magnetic fields.

From the preface of the author: ..".I have divided this work into two books; in the first of these I have confined myself to those matters concerning pure analysis. In the second book I have explained those thing which must be known from geometry, since analysis is ordinarily developed in such a way that its application to geometry is shown. In the first book, since all of analysis is concerned with variable quantities and functions of such variables, I have given full treatment to functions. I have also treated the transformation of functions and functions as the sum of infinite series. In addition I have developed functions in infinite series..."

Is the exponential function computable? Are union and intersection of closed subsets of the real plane computable? Are differentiation and integration computable operators? Is zero finding for complex polynomials computable? Is the Mandelbrot set decidable? And in case of computability, what is the computational complexity? Computable analysis supplies exact definitions for these and many other similar questions and tries to solve them. - Merging fundamental concepts of analysis and recursion theory to a new exciting theory, this book provides a solid basis for studying various aspects of computability and complexity in analysis. It is the result of an introductory course given for several years and is written in a style suitable for graduate-level and senior students in computer science and mathematics. Many examples illustrate the new concepts while numerous exercises of varying difficulty extend the material and stimulate readers to work actively on the text.

This book is about Lie group analysis of differential equations for physical and engineering problems. The topics include: -- Approximate symmetry in nonlinear physical problems -- Complex methods for Lie symmetry analysis -- Lie group classification, Symmetry analysis, and conservation laws -- Conservative difference schemes -- Hamiltonian structure and conservation laws of three-dimensional linear elasticity -- Involutive systems of partial differential equations This collection of works is written in memory of Professor Nail H. Ibragimov (1939-2018). It could be used as a reference book in differential equations in mathematics, mechanical, and electrical engineering.

These Proceedings contain selected papers by the speakers invited to the Seminar on Deformations, organized in 1985/87 by Julian tawryno- wicz (t6dz), whose most fruitful parts took place in 1986 in Lublin during the 3rd Finnish-Polish Summer School in Complex Analysis [in cooperation with O. Martio (JyvliskyHl)] held simultaneously with the 9th Conference on Analytic Function in Poland [in cooperation with S. Dimiev (Sofia), P. Dolbeault (Paris), K. Spallek (Bochum), and E. Vesen- tini (Pisa)]. The Lublin session of the Seminar, organized jointly with S. Dimiev and K. Spallek, was preceded by a session organized by them at Druzhba (near Varna) in 1985 and followed by a similar session at Druzhba in 1987. The collection contains 31 papers connected with deformations of mathematical structures in the context of complex analysis with physi- cal applications: (quasi)conformal deformation uniformization, potential theory, several complex variables, geometric algebra, algebraic ge- ometry, foliations, Hurwitz pairs, and Hermitian geometry. They are research papers in final form: no version of them will be submitted for publication elsewhere. In contrast to the previous volume (Seminar on Deformations, Proceedings, L6dz-WarsaUJ 1982/84, ed. by J. -i:.awrynowicz, Lecture Notes in Math. 1165, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg- -New York-Tokyo 1985, X + 331 pp.) open problems are not published as separate research notes, but are included in the papers.

This book is devoted to integration, one of the two main operations in calculus. In Part 1, the definition of the integral of a one-variable function is different (not essentially, but rather methodically) from traditional definitions of Riemann or Lebesgue integrals. Such an approach allows us, on the one hand, to quickly develop the practical skills of integration as well as, on the other hand, in Part 2, to pass naturally to the more general Lebesgue integral. Based on the latter, in Part 2, the author develops a theory of integration for functions of several variables. In Part 3, within the same methodological scheme, the author presents the elements of theory of integration in an abstract space equipped with a measure; we cannot do without this in functional analysis, probability theory, etc. The majority of chapters are complemented with problems, mostly of the theoretical type. The book is mainly devoted to students of mathematics and related specialities. However, Part 1 can be successfully used by any student as a simple introduction to integration calculus.

This monograph explores applications of Carleman estimates in the study of stabilization and controllability properties of partial differential equations, including the stabilization property of the damped wave equation and the null-controllability of the heat equation. All analysis is performed in the case of open sets in the Euclidean space; a second volume will extend this treatment to Riemannian manifolds. The first three chapters illustrate the derivation of Carleman estimates using pseudo-differential calculus with a large parameter. Continuation issues are then addressed, followed by a proof of the logarithmic stabilization of the damped wave equation by means of two alternative proofs of the resolvent estimate for the generator of a damped wave semigroup. The authors then discuss null-controllability of the heat equation, its equivalence with observability, and how the spectral inequality allows one to either construct a control function or prove the observability inequality. The final part of the book is devoted to the exposition of some necessary background material: the theory of distributions, invariance under change of variables, elliptic operators with Dirichlet data and associated semigroup, and some elements from functional analysis and semigroup theory.

Global optimization is concerned with the computation and characterization of global optima of nonlinear functions. During the past three decades the field of global optimization has been growing at a rapid pace, and the number of publications on all aspects of global optimization has been increasing steadily. Many applications, as well as new theoretical, algorithmic, and computational contributions have resulted. The Handbook of Global Optimization is the first comprehensive book to cover recent developments in global optimization. Each contribution in the Handbook is essentially expository in nature, but scholarly in its treatment. The chapters cover optimality conditions, complexity results, concave minimization, DC programming, general quadratic programming, nonlinear complementarity, minimax problems, multiplicative programming, Lipschitz optimization, fractional programming, network problems, trajectory methods, homotopy methods, interval methods, and stochastic approaches. The Handbook of Global Optimization is addressed to researchers in mathematical programming, as well as all scientists who use optimization methods to model and solve problems.

Spaces of homogeneous type were introduced as a generalization to the Euclidean space and serve as a suffi cient setting in which one can generalize the classical isotropic Harmonic analysis and function space theory. This setting is sometimes too general, and the theory is limited. Here, we present a set of fl exible ellipsoid covers of n that replace the Euclidean balls and support a generalization of the theory with fewer limitations.

This monograph develops an innovative approach that utilizes the Birman-Schwinger principle from quantum mechanics to investigate stability properties of steady state solutions in galactic dynamics. The opening chapters lay the framework for the main result through detailed treatments of nonrelativistic galactic dynamics and the Vlasov-Poisson system, the Antonov stability estimate, and the period function $T_1$. Then, as the main application, the Birman-Schwinger type principle is used to characterize in which cases the "best constant" in the Antonov stability estimate is attained. The final two chapters consider the relation to the Guo-Lin operator and invariance properties for the Vlasov-Poisson system, respectively. Several appendices are also included that cover necessary background material, such as spherically symmetric models, action-angle variables, relevant function spaces and operators, and some aspects of Kato-Rellich perturbation theory. A Birman-Schwinger Principle in Galactic Dynamics will be of interest to researchers in galactic dynamics, kinetic theory, and various aspects of quantum mechanics, as well as those in related areas of mathematical physics and applied mathematics.

This book discusses the theory of wavelets on local fields of positive characteristic. The discussion starts with a thorough introduction to topological groups and local fields. It then provides a proof of the existence and uniqueness of Haar measures on locally compact groups. It later gives several examples of locally compact groups and describes their Haar measures. The book focuses on multiresolution analysis and wavelets on a local field of positive characteristic. It provides characterizations of various functions associated with wavelet analysis such as scaling functions, wavelets, MRA-wavelets and low-pass filters. Many other concepts which are discussed in details are biorthogonal wavelets, wavelet packets, affine and quasi-affine frames, MSF multiwavelets, multiwavelet sets, generalized scaling sets, scaling sets, unconditional basis properties of wavelets and shift invariant spaces.

This book is aimed at providing a coherent, essentially self-contained, rigorous and comprehensive abstract theory of Feynman's operational calculus for noncommuting operators. Although it is inspired by Feynman's original heuristic suggestions and time-ordering rules in his seminal 1951 paper An operator calculus having applications in quantum electrodynamics, as will be made abundantly clear in the introduction (Chapter 1) and elsewhere in the text, the theory developed in this book also goes well beyond them in a number of directions which were not anticipated in Feynman's work. Hence, the second part of the main title of this book. The basic properties of the operational calculus are developed and certain algebraic and analytic properties of the operational calculus are explored. Also, the operational calculus will be seen to possess some pleasant stability properties. Furthermore, an evolution equation and a generalized integral equation obeyed by the operational calculus are discussed and connections with certain analytic Feynman integrals are noted. This volume is essentially self-contained and we only assume that the reader has a reasonable, graduate level, background in analysis, measure theory and functional analysis or operator theory. Much of the necessary remaining background is supplied in the text itself.

This book discusses, develops and applies the theory of Vilenkin-Fourier series connected to modern harmonic analysis. The classical theory of Fourier series deals with decomposition of a function into sinusoidal waves. Unlike these continuous waves the Vilenkin (Walsh) functions are rectangular waves. Such waves have already been used frequently in the theory of signal transmission, multiplexing, filtering, image enhancement, code theory, digital signal processing and pattern recognition. The development of the theory of Vilenkin-Fourier series has been strongly influenced by the classical theory of trigonometric series. Because of this it is inevitable to compare results of Vilenkin-Fourier series to those on trigonometric series. There are many similarities between these theories, but there exist differences also. Much of these can be explained by modern abstract harmonic analysis, which studies orthonormal systems from the point of view of the structure of a topological group. The first part of the book can be used as an introduction to the subject, and the following chapters summarize the most recent research in this fascinating area and can be read independently. Each chapter concludes with historical remarks and open questions. The book will appeal to researchers working in Fourier and more broad harmonic analysis and will inspire them for their own and their students' research. Moreover, researchers in applied fields will appreciate it as a sourcebook far beyond the traditional mathematical domains.

This book contains some contributions presented at the Applied Mathematics for Environmental Problems minisymposium during the International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM) held July 15-19, 2019 in Valencia, Spain. The first paper addresses a simplified physical wildfire spread model, based on partial differential equations solved with finite element methods and integrated into a GIS to provide a useful and efficient tool. The second paper focuses on one of the causes of the unpredictable behavior of wildfire, fire-spotting, through a statistical approach. The third paper addresses low -level wind shear which represents one of the most relevant hazards during aircraft takeoff and landing. It presents an experimental wind shear alert system that is based on predicting wind velocities obtained from the Harmonie-Arome model. The last paper addresses the environmental impact of oil reservoirs. It presents high-order hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin formulation combined with high-order diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta schemes to solve one-phase and two-phase flow problems through porous media. All the contributions collected in this volume are interesting examples of how mathematics and numerical modelling are effective tools in the field of environmental problems.

The primary aim of this book is to present notions of convex analysis which constitute the basic underlying structure of argumentation in economic theory and which are common to optimization problems encountered in many applications. The intended readers are graduate students, and specialists of mathematical programming whose research fields are applied mathematics and economics. The text consists of a systematic development in eight chapters, with guided exercises containing sometimes significant and useful additional results. The book is appropriate as a class text, or for self-study.

"Mathematical Analysis: Foundations and Advanced Techniques for Functions of Several Variables" builds upon the basic ideas and techniques of differential and integral calculus for functions of several variables, as outlined in an earlier introductory volume. The presentation is largely focused on the foundations of measure and integration theory.

The book begins with a discussion of the geometry of Hilbert spaces, convex functions and domains, and differential forms, particularly k-forms. The exposition continues with an introduction to the calculus of variations with applications to geometric optics and mechanics.The authorsconclude with the study of measure and integration theory - Borel, Radon, and Hausdorff measures and the derivation of measures. An appendix highlights important mathematicians and other scientists whose contributions have made a great impact on the development of theories in analysis.

This work may be used as a supplementary text in the classroom or for self-study by advanced undergraduate and graduate students and as a valuable reference for researchers in mathematics, physics, and engineering. One of the key strengths of this presentation, along with the other four books on analysis published by the authors, is the motivation for understanding the subject through examples, observations, exercises, and illustrations."

This monograph explores applications of Carleman estimates in the study of stabilization and controllability properties of partial differential equations, including quantified unique continuation, logarithmic stabilization of the wave equation, and null-controllability of the heat equation. Where the first volume derived these estimates in regular open sets in Euclidean space and Dirichlet boundary conditions, here they are extended to Riemannian manifolds and more general boundary conditions. The book begins with the study of Lopatinskii-Sapiro boundary conditions for the Laplace-Beltrami operator, followed by derivation of Carleman estimates for this operator on Riemannian manifolds. Applications of Carleman estimates are explored next: quantified unique continuation issues, a proof of the logarithmic stabilization of the boundary-damped wave equation, and a spectral inequality with general boundary conditions to derive the null-controllability result for the heat equation. Two additional chapters consider some more advanced results on Carleman estimates. The final part of the book is devoted to exposition of some necessary background material: elements of differential and Riemannian geometry, and Sobolev spaces and Laplace problems on Riemannian manifolds.

This proceedings volume gathers together selected works from the 2018 "Asymptotic, Algebraic and Geometric Aspects of Integrable Systems" workshop that was held at TSIMF Yau Mathematical Sciences Center in Sanya, China, honoring Nalini Joshi on her 60th birthday. The papers cover recent advances in asymptotic, algebraic and geometric methods in the study of discrete integrable systems. The workshop brought together experts from fields such as asymptotic analysis, representation theory and geometry, creating a platform to exchange current methods, results and novel ideas. This volume's articles reflect these exchanges and can be of special interest to a diverse group of researchers and graduate students interested in learning about current results, new approaches and trends in mathematical physics, in particular those relevant to discrete integrable systems.

The soliton represents one ofthe most important ofnonlinear phenomena in modern physics. It constitutes an essentially localizedentity with a set ofremarkable properties. Solitons are found in various areas of physics from gravitation and field theory, plasma physics, and nonlinear optics to solid state physics and hydrodynamics. Nonlinear equations which describe soliton phenomena are ubiquitous. Solitons and the equations which commonly describe them are also of great mathematical interest. Thus, the dis covery in 1967and subsequent development ofthe inversescattering transform method that provides the mathematical structure underlying soliton theory constitutes one of the most important developments in modern theoretical physics. The inversescattering transform method is now established as a very powerful tool in the investigation of nonlinear partial differential equations. The inverse scattering transform method, since its discoverysome two decades ago, has been applied to a great variety of nonlinear equations which arise in diverse fields of physics. These include ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, integrodifferential, and differential-difference equations. The inverse scattering trans form method has allowed the investigation of these equations in a manner comparable to that of the Fourier method for linear equations."

Applied Calculus for Business, Economics, and the Social and Life Sciences, Expanded Edition provides a sound, intuitive understanding of the basic concepts students need as they pursue careers in business, economics, and the life and social sciences. Students achieve success using this text as a result of the author's applied and real-world orientation to concepts, problem-solving approach, straight forward and concise writing style, and comprehensive exercise sets. More than 100,000 students worldwide have studied from this text!

This EMS volume, the first edition of which was published as Dynamical Systems II, EMS 2, sets out to familiarize the reader to the fundamental ideas and results of modern ergodic theory and its applications to dynamical systems and statistical mechanics. The exposition starts from the basic of the subject, introducing ergodicity, mixing and entropy. The ergodic theory of smooth dynamical systems is treated. Numerous examples are presented carefully along with the ideas underlying the most important results. Moreover, the book deals with the dynamical systems of statistical mechanics, and with various kinetic equations. For this second enlarged and revised edition, published as Mathematical Physics I, EMS 100, two new contributions on ergodic theory of flows on homogeneous manifolds and on methods of algebraic geometry in the theory of interval exchange transformations were added. This book is compulsory reading for all mathematicians working in this field, or wanting to learn about it.

Tensor Analysis and Nonlinear Tensor Functions embraces the basic fields of tensor calculus: tensor algebra, tensor analysis, tensor description of curves and surfaces, tensor integral calculus, the basis of tensor calculus in Riemannian spaces and affinely connected spaces, - which are used in mechanics and electrodynamics of continua, crystallophysics, quantum chemistry etc.

The book suggests a new approach to definition of a tensor in space R3, which allows us to show a geometric representation of a tensor and operations on tensors. Based on this approach, the author gives a mathematically rigorous definition of a tensor as an individual object in arbitrary linear, Riemannian and other spaces for the first time.

It is the first book to present a systematized theory of tensor invariants, a theory of nonlinear anisotropic tensor functions and a theory of indifferent tensors describing the physical properties of continua.

The book will be useful for students and postgraduates of mathematical, mechanical engineering and physical departments of universities and also for investigators and academic scientists working in continuum mechanics, solid physics, general relativity, crystallophysics, quantum chemistry of solids and material science.